Statistical characteristics of certain natural background noise

1986 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-219
Author(s):  
V. A. Firago ◽  
B. Yu. Khanokh
Keyword(s):  
Background Noise ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Natural Background ◽  
Natural Background Noise

scholarly journals Effect of Natural Background Noise and Man-Made Noise on Automated Frog Calls Identification System

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 208-213
Author(s):  
Haryati Jaafar ◽  
Dzati Athiar Ramli
Keyword(s):  
Background Noise ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Natural Background ◽  
K Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Zero Crossing ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Natural Background Noise

Frog identification based on their calls becomes important for biological research and environmental monitoring. However, identifying particular frog calls becomes challenging particularly when the frog calls are interrupted with noises either in natural background noise or man-made noise. Hence, an automatic identification frog call system that robust in noisy environment has been proposed in this paper. Experimental studies of 675 audio obtained from 15 species of frogs in the Malaysian forest and recorded in an outdoor environment are used in this study. These audio data are then corrupted by 10dB and 5dB noise. A syllable segmentation technique i.e. short time energy (STE) and Short Time Average Zero Crossing Rate (STAZCR) and feature extraction, Mel-Frequency Cepstrum Coefficients (MFCC) are employed to segment the desired syllables and extract the segmented signal. Subsequently, the Local Mean k-Nearest Neighbor with Fuzzy Distance Weighting (LMkNN-FDW) are employed as a classifier in order to evaluate the performance of the identification system. The experimental results show both of natural background noise and man-made noise outperform by 95.2% and 88.27% in clean SNR, respectively.

scholarly journals Speech Recognition in Natural Background Noise

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. e79279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Meyer ◽  
Laure Dentel ◽  
Fanny Meunier
Keyword(s):  
Speech Recognition ◽  
Background Noise ◽  
Natural Background ◽  
Natural Background Noise

scholarly journals Acoustic parameters of sounds emitted by Sotalia guianensis : dialects or acoustic plasticity

2015 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 611-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalila T. Leão ◽  
Emygdio L. A. Monteiro-Filho ◽  
Flávio J. L. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Background Noise ◽  
Sound Propagation ◽  
Prey Capture ◽  
Selective Pressure ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Adaptive Potential ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Sotalia Guianensis ◽  
Sound Category ◽  
Natural Background Noise

Abstract Selective pressure from the environment on species may select adaptations as a whole, including the specific context of acoustics. Some authors report that the acoustic repertoire of Sotalia guianensis presents dialects as a geographical reflection. However, others propose that the environmental characteristics are the factor that imposes these variations. The present study evaluated if S. guianensis modifies its sound emissions at the Curral Cove (CC) and the Guaraíras Lagoon Complex (GLC), different habitats at similar latitudes. At the GLC, dolphins use higher whistle frequencies as well as higher number of click per second, facts that may be related to sound precision for communication between individuals and prey capture. Variations in the dolphins’ sounds may be related to differences in the environments such as natural background noise—biotic and abiotic—and characteristics such as turbidity, temperature, salinity, and modification in sound propagation due to depth and bottom properties. The pulsed calls’ sound category did not present modification between habitats probably due to context in which they are used since they occur during high physical contact. It is possible that the variation of the sound parameters between the CC and GLC environments is a reflection of the species’ adaptive potential, since a population can adjust the sounds emitted by its individuals to the environment’s features, revealing acoustic plasticity. A pressão seletiva do ambiente sobre as espécies ali viventes pode selecionar adaptações como um todo, inclusive no contexto acústico específico. Alguns autores relatam que o repertório acústico de Sotalia guianensis apresenta dialetos como reflexo geográfico; entretanto, outros autores propõem que as características do ambiente são o fator que impõem essas variações. O presente estudo avaliou se S. guianensis modifica suas emissões sonoras entre a Enseada do Curral (CC) e o Complexo Lagunar de Guaraíras (GLC), habitats diferentes localizados em latitudes semelhantes. No GLC, os golfinhos utilizam frequências mais altas de assobios assim como maior número de cliques por segundo, fatos que podem estar relacionados com a precisão dos sons para a comunicação entre indivíduos e a captura de presas. As variações nos sons dos golfinhos podem estar relacionadas às diferenças nos ambientes, como ruídos de fundo naturais—bióticos e abióticos—características como turbidez, temperatura e salinidade; e modificação da propagação do som devido profundidade e propriedades do fundo. A categoria sonora grito não apresentou modificação entre os habitas provavelmente devido ao contexto em que são usados, pois ocorrem durante alto contato físico entre os indivíduos. É possível que a variação dos parâmetros sonoros entre os ambientes de CC e GLC seja reflexo do potencial adaptativo da espécie, pois uma mesma população pode ajustar os sons emitidos pelos seus indivíduos às características do ambiente revelando uma plasticidade acústica.

Microdensitometer—computer correlation analysis of ultrastructural periodicity

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-33
Author(s):  
D.R. Ensor ◽  
C.G. Jensen ◽  
J.A. Fillery ◽  
R.J.K. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Background Noise ◽  
Computer Control ◽  
Optical Diffraction ◽  
Screw Thread ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Computer Storage ◽  
Correlation Process ◽  
Electron Microscope Image ◽  
Fixed Beam

Because periodicity is a major indicator of structural organisation numerous methods have been devised to demonstrate periodicity masked by background “noise” in the electron microscope image (e.g. photographic image reinforcement, Markham et al, 1964; optical diffraction techniques, Horne, 1977; McIntosh,1974). Computer correlation analysis of a densitometer tracing provides another means of minimising "noise". The correlation process uncovers periodic information by cancelling random elements. The technique is easily executed, the results are readily interpreted and the computer removes tedium, lends accuracy and assists in impartiality.A scanning densitometer was adapted to allow computer control of the scan and to give direct computer storage of the data. A photographic transparency of the image to be scanned is mounted on a stage coupled directly to an accurate screw thread driven by a stepping motor. The stage is moved so that the fixed beam of the densitometer (which is directed normal to the transparency) traces a straight line along the structure of interest in the image.

Use of a Mild-Gain Hearing Aid by Middle-Age Normal-Hearing Adults Who Do and Do Not Self-Report Trouble Hearing in Background Noise

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-428
Author(s):  
Jasleen Singh ◽  
Karen A. Doherty
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Background Noise ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Hearing Aid Use ◽  
Hearing Handicap ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hearing Problems

Purpose The aim of the study was to assess how the use of a mild-gain hearing aid can affect hearing handicap, motivation, and attitudes toward hearing aids for middle-age, normal-hearing adults who do and do not self-report trouble hearing in background noise. Method A total of 20 participants (45–60 years of age) with clinically normal-hearing thresholds (< 25 dB HL) were enrolled in this study. Ten self-reported difficulty hearing in background noise, and 10 did not self-report difficulty hearing in background noise. All participants were fit with mild-gain hearing aids, bilaterally, and were asked to wear them for 2 weeks. Hearing handicap, attitudes toward hearing aids and hearing loss, and motivation to address hearing problems were evaluated before and after participants wore the hearing aids. Participants were also asked if they would consider purchasing a hearing aid before and after 2 weeks of hearing aid use. Results After wearing the hearing aids for 2 weeks, hearing handicap scores decreased for the participants who self-reported difficulty hearing in background noise. No changes in hearing handicap scores were observed for the participants who did not self-report trouble hearing in background noise. The participants who self-reported difficulty hearing in background noise also reported greater personal distress from their hearing problems, were more motivated to address their hearing problems, and had higher levels of hearing handicap compared to the participants who did not self-report trouble hearing in background noise. Only 20% (2/10) of the participants who self-reported trouble hearing in background noise reported that they would consider purchasing a hearing aid after 2 weeks of hearing aid use. Conclusions The use of mild-gain hearing aids has the potential to reduce hearing handicap for normal-hearing, middle-age adults who self-report difficulty hearing in background noise. However, this may not be the most appropriate treatment option for their current hearing problems given that only 20% of these participants would consider purchasing a hearing aid after wearing hearing aids for 2 weeks.

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