A demographic analysis of mortality caused by the pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) and pine sawyer beetles (Monochamus alternatus) in pine forests in the Seto Inland Sea-side, Japan

Oecologia ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-326
Author(s):  
Katsushiko Kondo ◽  
David W. Inouye ◽  
Michihara Segawa ◽  
Tarou Seki
Keyword(s):  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Seto Inland Sea ◽  
Pine Wood Nematode ◽  
Demographic Analysis ◽  
Monochamus Alternatus ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
The Seto Inland Sea

scholarly journals The effect of feeding behavior of Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) on the departure of pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Wang ◽  
Fengmao Chen ◽  
Lichao Wang ◽  
Lifeng Zhou ◽  
Juan Song
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Pine Wood Nematode ◽  
Monochamus Alternatus ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
Start Date ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Departure Date ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

AbstractIn order to study the causes of pine wood nematode (PWN) departure from Monochamus alternatus, the effects of the feeding behavior of M. alternatus on the start date of the departure of PWN were studied. The start date of the departure of PWN carried by the directly fed M. alternatus was 5—13 d after beetle emergence, mainly concentrated within 6—10 d, with a mean (±SD) of 8.02 ± 1.96 d. The start date of the departure of PWN carried by the M. alternatus fed after starvation was 5—14 d after beetle emergence, mainly concentrated within 6—9 d, with a mean of 7.76 ± 2.28 d. The results show that there was no significant difference in the start departure date of PWN between the two treatments. This shows that the feeding behavior of M. alternatus is not the trigger for PWN departure. At the same time, it was found that the motility of the PWN carried by M. alternatus at 8 d after emergence was significantly greater than that of the PWN carried by the newly emerged M. alternatus. And the PWN carried by M. alternatus at 8 d after emergence was extracted more easily than the PWN carried by newly emerged beetles. These results show that greater motility was associated with easier departure of PWN from M. alternatus. In addition, transcriptome sequencing found that the level of oxidative phosphorylation metabolism of PWN carried by beetles at 8 d after emergence was significantly higher than that in the PWN carried by newly emerged beetle. High oxidative phosphorylation was associated with increased energy production and motility by the PWN and were the internal cause of the start of nematode departure.

A new parasitoid (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) of Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in China

Biologia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiping Wang ◽  
Xuexin Chen ◽  
Hong Wu ◽  
Junhua He
Keyword(s):  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Pine Wood Nematode ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Forest Pest ◽  
Monochamus Alternatus ◽  
Pine Wood

AbstractBracomorpha ninghais sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is described and illustrated based on individuals reared from the immature stages of the pine sawyer Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Zhejiang of China, which is considered a notorious forest pest associated with the main vector of the pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) in China.

Unilateral to bilateral distribution pattern of the pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus within bodies of the insect vector Monochamus alternatus depends on nematode load

Nematology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 601-606
Author(s):  
Katsumi Togashi ◽  
Ichirow Kaihotsu
Keyword(s):  
Poiseuille Flow ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Pine Wood Nematode ◽  
Monochamus Alternatus ◽  
Drastic Reduction ◽  
Tracheal System ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
Thin Tube ◽  
Bilateral Distribution

Monochamus alternatusadults carry the pine wood nematodeBursaphelenchus xylophilus. The nematodes are present in the tracheal system of vector beetles. It is known that carrying more than 10 000 nematodes causes drastic reduction in the lifespan and flight activity of beetles. To understand the effects of heavy nematode loads, 41 newly emergedM. alternatusadults were examined for lateral distribution of nematodes within the insect body. The nematodes were distributed unevenly between right and left sides of the beetle body at small nematode loads, whereas they were distributed evenly between them at heavy nematode loads. An analysis using Hagen-Poiseuille flow in a thin tube suggested that the rate of air flow decreased exponentially as the number of nematodes increased in a trachea. Thus, even distribution of nematodes between right and left sides of the vector body was considered to be responsible in part for the effects of heavy nematode loads on beetle activity.

scholarly journals Effect of choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase gene (pcyt-1) expression on departure of pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae), from Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera:Cerambycidae)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Wang ◽  
Fengmao Chen
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Pine Wood Nematode ◽  
Monochamus Alternatus ◽  
Lipid Degradation ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
Choline Phosphate

AbstractIn order to study the causes of pine wood nematodes (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus departure from its vector beetle, Monochamus alternatus, we collected PWNs which were extracted from the newly emerged M. alternatus and the 7d after emergence beetles. The total RNAs of the two groups of PWNs were extracted and transcriptomes sequencing were performed, and the genes expression differences between the two groups of PWN were analyzed. It was found that expression of choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase gene (pcyt-1) markedly up-regulated. After inhibition of pcyt-1 expression by RNA interference, the rate of lipid degradation in PWN decreased significantly, and the motility of PWN also decreased significantly. Analysis identified that phosphatidylcholine can promote the emulsification and degradation of lipid droplets in PWN, which provide energy for PWN departure from M. alternatus. The up-regulation of gene pcyt-1 is an important internal trigger for PWN departure from the beetles.

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