Generation of electromagnetic signals at combination frequencies in the ionosphere

1987 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. P. Belyaev ◽  
D. S. Kotik ◽  
S. N. Mityakov ◽  
S. V. Polyakov ◽  
V. O. Rapoport ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Signals ◽  
Combination Frequencies

PEMANFAATAN RADIASI ENERGI TEGANGAN 150 KV UNTUK LAMPU LED PENERANGAN JALAN

Jurnal Teknik ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauludi Manfaluthy
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Electromagnetic Signals ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Low Frequency Waves

WHO (World Health Organization) concludes that not much effect is caused by electric field up to 20 kV / m in humans. WHO standard also mentions that humans will not be affected by the magnetic field under  100 micro tesla and that the electric field will affect the human body with a maximum standard of 5,000 volts per meter. In this study did not discuss about the effect of high voltage radiation SUTT (High Voltage Air Channel) with human health. The research will focus on energy utilization of SUTT radiation. The combination of electric field and magnetic field on SUTT (70-150KV) can generate electromagnetic (EM) and radiation waves, which are expected to be converted to turn on street lights around the location of high voltage areas or into other forms. The design of this prototype works like an antenna in general that captures electromagnetic signals and converts them into AC waves. With a capacitor that can store the potential energy of AC and Schottky diode waves created specifically for low frequency waves, make the current into one direction (DC). From the research results obtained the current generated from the radiation is very small even though the voltage is big enough.Keywords : Radiance Energy, Joule Thief, and  LED Module.

Nanonetworks in Biomedical Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 800-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Luis Marzo ◽  
Josep Miquel Jornet ◽  
Massimiliano Pierobon
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Molecular Communication ◽  
Common Goal ◽  
Communication Paradigm ◽  
Communication Needs ◽  
Electromagnetic Signals

By interconnecting nanomachines and forming nanonetworks, the capacities of single nanomachines are expected to be enhanced, as the ensuing information exchange will allow them to cooperate towards a common goal. Nowadays, systems normally use electromagnetic signals to encode, send and receive information, however, in a novel communication paradigm, molecular transceivers, channel models or protocols use molecules. This article presents the current developments in nanomachines along with their future architecture to better understand nanonetwork scenarios in biomedical applications. Furthermore, to highlight the communication needs between nanomachines, two applications for nanonetworks are also presented: i) a new networking paradigm, called the Internet of NanoThings, that allows nanoscale devices to interconnect with existing communication networks, and ii) Molecular Communication, where the propagation of chemical compounds like drug particles, carry out the information exchange.

scholarly journals Semi-analytical solutions of seismo-electromagnetic signals arising from the motional induction in 3-D multi-layered media: part II—numerical investigations

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hengxin Ren ◽  
Ling Zeng ◽  
Yao-Chong Sun ◽  
Ken’ichi Yamazaki ◽  
Qinghua Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Source ◽  
Numerical Computation ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Excellent Agreement ◽  
Seismic Waves ◽  
Averaging Method ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Induction Effect ◽  
Motional Induction ◽  
Electromagnetic Signals

AbstractIn this paper, numerical computations are carried out to investigate the seismo-electromagnetic signals arising from the motional induction effect due to an earthquake source embedded in 3-D multi-layered media. First, our numerical computation approach that combines discrete wavenumber method, peak-trough averaging method, and point source stacking method is introduced in detail. The peak-trough averaging method helps overcome the slow convergence problem, which occurs when the source–receiver depth difference is small, allowing us to consider any focus depth. The point source stacking method is used to deal with a finite fault. Later, an excellent agreement between our method and the curvilinear grid finite-difference method for the seismic wave solutions is found, which to a certain degree verifies the validity of our method. Thereafter, numerical computation results of an air–solid two-layer model show that both a receiver below and another one above the ground surface will record electromagnetic (EM) signals showing up at the same time as seismic waves, that is, the so-called coseismic EM signals. These results suggest that the in-air coseismic magnetic signals reported previously, which were recorded by induction coils hung on trees, can be explained by the motional induction effect or maybe other seismo-electromagnetic coupling mechanisms. Further investigations of wave-field snapshots and theoretical analysis suggest that the seismic-to-EM conversion caused by the motional induction effect will give birth to evanescent EM waves when seismic waves arrive at an interface with an incident angle greater than the critical angle θc = arcsin(Vsei/Vem), where Vsei and Vem are seismic wave velocity and EM wave velocity, respectively. The computed EM signals in air are found to have an excellent agreement with the theoretically predicted amplitude decay characteristic for a single frequency and single wavenumber. The evanescent EM waves originating from a subsurface interface of conductivity contrast will contribute to the coseismic EM signals. Thus, the conductivity at depth will affect the coseismic EM signals recorded nearby the ground surface. Finally, a fault rupture spreading to the ground surface, an unexamined case in previous numerical computations of seismo-electromagnetic signals, is considered. The computation results once again indicate the motional induction effect can contribute to the coseismic EM signals.

scholarly journals Gravitational and Electromagnetic Perturbations of a Charged Black Hole in a General Gauge Condition

Particles ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-128
Author(s):  
Claudia Moreno ◽  
Juan Carlos Degollado ◽  
Darío Núñez ◽  
Carlos Rodríguez-Leal
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Scalar Function ◽  
Gauge Condition ◽  
Fluid Distribution ◽  
Electromagnetic Signal ◽  
Charged Fluid ◽  
Coupled Equations ◽  
Electromagnetic Signals ◽  
Limiting Case ◽  
Weyl Scalar

We derive a set of coupled equations for the gravitational and electromagnetic perturbation in the Reissner–Nordström geometry using the Newman–Penrose formalism. We show that the information of the physical gravitational signal is contained in the Weyl scalar function Ψ4, as is well known, but for the electromagnetic signal, the information is encoded in the function χ, which relates the perturbations of the radiative Maxwell scalars φ2 and the Weyl scalar Ψ3. In deriving the perturbation equations, we do not impose any gauge condition and as a limiting case, our analysis contains previously obtained results, for instance, those from Chandrashekhar’s book. In our analysis, we also include the sources for the perturbations and focus on a dust-like charged fluid distribution falling radially into the black hole. Finally, by writing the functions on the basis of spin-weighted spherical harmonics and the Reissner–Nordström spacetime in Kerr–Schild type coordinates, a hyperbolic system of coupled partial differential equations is presented and numerically solved. In this way, we completely solve a system that generates a gravitational signal as well as an electromagnetic/gravitational one, which sets the basis to find correlations between them and thus facilitates gravitational wave detection via electromagnetic signals.

Periodic electromagnetic signals as potential precursor for seismic activity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan-shan Yong ◽  
Xin-an Wang ◽  
Xing Zhang ◽  
Qin-meng Guo ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Activity ◽  
Electromagnetic Signals ◽  
Potential Precursor

scholarly journals Enhancing sub-bandgap external quantum efficiency by photomultiplication for narrowband organic near-infrared photodetectors

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Kublitski ◽  
Axel Fischer ◽  
Shen Xing ◽  
Lukasz Baisinger ◽  
Eva Bittrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Quantum Efficiency ◽  
External Quantum Efficiency ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Optical Cavity ◽  
Hole Injection ◽  
Visible Range ◽  
Absorption Region ◽  
Electromagnetic Signals ◽  
Organic Photodetectors

AbstractDetection of electromagnetic signals for applications such as health, product quality monitoring or astronomy requires highly responsive and wavelength selective devices. Photomultiplication-type organic photodetectors have been shown to achieve high quantum efficiencies mainly in the visible range. Much less research has been focused on realizing near-infrared narrowband devices. Here, we demonstrate fully vacuum-processed narrow- and broadband photomultiplication-type organic photodetectors. Devices are based on enhanced hole injection leading to a maximum external quantum efficiency of almost 2000% at −10 V for the broadband device. The photomultiplicative effect is also observed in the charge-transfer state absorption region. By making use of an optical cavity device architecture, we enhance the charge-transfer response and demonstrate a wavelength tunable narrowband photomultiplication-type organic photodetector with external quantum efficiencies superior to those of pin-devices. The presented concept can further improve the performance of photodetectors based on the absorption of charge-transfer states, which were so far limited by the low external quantum efficiency provided by these devices.

scholarly journals On the abundance of extraterrestrial life after the Kepler mission

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amri Wandel
Keyword(s):  
Significant Fraction ◽  
Habitable Zone ◽  
Radio Telescopes ◽  
Extraterrestrial Life ◽  
Space Density ◽  
Astronomical Data ◽  
Unknown Probability ◽  
Kepler Mission ◽  
Average Longevity ◽  
Electromagnetic Signals

AbstractThe data recently accumulated by the Kepler mission have demonstrated that small planets are quite common and that a significant fraction of all stars may have an Earth-like planet within their habitable zone. These results are combined with a Drake-equation formalism to derive the space density of biotic planets as a function of the relatively modest uncertainty in the astronomical data and of the (yet unknown) probability for the evolution of biotic life, Fb. I suggest that Fb may be estimated by future spectral observations of exoplanet biomarkers. If Fb is in the range 0.001–1, then a biotic planet may be expected within 10–100 light years from Earth. Extending the biotic results to advanced life I derive expressions for the distance to putative civilizations in terms of two additional Drake parameters – the probability for evolution of a civilization, Fc, and its average longevity. For instance, assuming optimistic probability values (Fb~Fc~1) and a broadcasting longevity of a few thousand years, the likely distance to the nearest civilizations detectable by searching for intelligent electromagnetic signals is of the order of a few thousand light years. The probability of detecting intelligent signals with present and future radio telescopes is calculated as a function of the Drake parameters. Finally, I describe how the detection of intelligent signals would constrain the Drake parameters.

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