Heating of electrons in the lower ionosphere by horizontal lightning discharges

1979 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 621-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. I. Kucherov ◽  
A. P. Nikolaenko
Keyword(s):  
Lower Ionosphere ◽  
Lightning Discharges

scholarly journals Researching of quasiperiodic variations in the amplitude of VLF electromagnetic signals from lightning discharges passing over strong earthquakes

2019 ◽  
Vol 127 ◽  
pp. 03005
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav Argunov ◽  
Mikhail Gotovtsev
Keyword(s):  
Lower Ionosphere ◽  
Signal Amplitude ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Epicentral Area ◽  
F Region ◽  
Signal Characteristics ◽  
Lightning Discharges ◽  
Electromagnetic Signals ◽  
Wave Phenomena ◽  
Shallow Focus

The specific features of a method for radiosounding the lower ionosphere over earthquake epicenters using LF electromagnetic signals of thunderstorm sources (atmospherics) have been considered. The effects of shallow-focus earthquakes with magnitudes larger than 4.0 and their precursors manifest themselves in amplitude characteristics of atmospherics. It has been assumed that variations in the signal characteristics are related to disturbances in the lower ionosphere. According to the results of azimuthal scanning, cross sectional dimensions of disturbed regions, as a rule, correspond to the dimensions of the first two Fresnel zones for signals at a frequency of 10 kHz. Azimuthal scanning also indicated that the positions of disturbed regions during and before earthquakes could have a certain dynamics and differ from the projection onto the earthquake epicenter. Quasi-periodic variations of signal amplitude of lightning discharges passing over earthquake epicenters are in details considered. It has been obtained that the period of amplitude modulation makes up 2-3 hours, i.e. in the ionosphere D-layer the same values of the periods of wave phenomena are registered as which are observed in a higher F-region of the ionosphere. The results obtained during the work specify that, at least, in the part of events the seismic disturbances in the ionosphere can be caused by AGW, propagating upwards from the epicentral area.

scholarly journals Survey on Electrical Activity in Earth’s Atmosphere

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 34-45
Author(s):  
M. K. Paras ◽  
P. Rani
Keyword(s):  
Lightning Discharge ◽  
Lower Ionosphere ◽  
Thunderstorm Activity ◽  
Electrical Discharges ◽  
Entire Family ◽  
Earth’S Atmosphere ◽  
Lightning Discharges ◽  
Earth's Atmosphere ◽  
Blue Jets ◽  
Cg Lightning

Lightning discharge is a spectacular, luminous and one of the most dangerous short lived phenomenon which occurs in the Earth’s atmosphere ranging from troposphere to the lower ionosphere. Lightning in troposphere is mainly classified as cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning, intra-cloud lightning and inter-cloud lightning discharges. It is assumed that these discharges are caused by the electrically charged thunderclouds. CG lightning has been studied more and is further categorized as positive CG and negative CG lightning. Positive CG lightning is more powerful and accounts only (5-10) percent of the total global lightning and may carry a peak current of >300 kA. An entire family of other electrical discharges also has been reported by the scientific community. They are called “Transient’s Luminous Events (TLE’s)”. TLEs occur from top of the thunderclouds up to the lower ionospheric altitudes. Their first visual evidence was documented in 1989. TLE’s are included as blue starters, blue jets, gigantic jets, red sprites, halos, and elves. They are named according to their optical properties, terminal altitudes and different shapes. It has been observed that TLE’s are associated with underlying thunderstorm activity and strong CG lightning. The exact physical mechanism of lightning and TLE’s and their association with the underlying thunderstorms is still unknown and the research is going on. In this paper, we will study the possible mechanisms of these electrical discharges, their inter-connection and impacts on the atmosphere. This papers is aimed at the readers generally are unfamiliar with the lightning characteristics. We hope that this article will increase the interest among the researchers.

scholarly journals Initial breakdown and fast leaders in lightning discharges producing long-lasting disturbances of the lower ionosphere

2016 ◽  
Vol 121 (6) ◽  
pp. 5794-5804 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Kotovsky ◽  
R. C. Moore ◽  
Y. Zhu ◽  
M. D. Tran ◽  
V. A. Rakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Ionosphere ◽  
Lightning Discharges

scholarly journals Attenuation of low-frequency electromagnetic waves in the Earth's lower ionosphere under the influence of strong local disturbances in the atmosphere.

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Moshkov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Lower Ionosphere ◽  
Macroscopic Model ◽  
Electromagnetic Pulses ◽  
Horizontal Size ◽  
Lightning Discharges ◽  
Instantaneous Point ◽  
Fading Time ◽  
Low Frequency Waves

The value and duration of attenuation of low frequency waves (1...10 kHz) in the presence of a strong local disturbance of the atmosphere have been estimated. Sources of significant local disturbances of the atmosphere are, for example, precipitation of energetic particles of radiation belts; electromagnetic pulses of lightning discharges; radiation of powerful low-frequency ground-based transmitters; invasion of large meteors. Strong local disturbances lead to an increase of ionization (concentration of free electrons) of the environment by several orders of magnitude in the region of space whose characteristic dimensions are comparable to the length of the wave (tens and hundreds of kilometers). As such a disturbance, we use the previously developed macroscopic model of an instantaneous, point release of a relatively large amount of energy in the atmosphere below the ionosphere. This model makes it possible to estimate the features of the propagation of low-frequency waves through the disturbed layer of the lower ionosphere by changing only two initial parameters: the disturbance energy and its initial height. It is shown that the attenuation value is almost independent of frequency and geo- and heliophysical conditions. For initial heights up to 50 km, the fading duration does not exceed ~ 2 min. With an increase of the initial altitude, the attenuation in the lower ionosphere becomes extremely large. However, for heights of 50 ... 70 km (depending on the value of energy), the horizontal size of the disturbance decreases significantly, which leads to a decrease in the fading time to tens of seconds for initial heights of more than 80 km.

Investigations of the lower ionosphere over Antarctica via ELF-VLF radiowaves

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Reznikov ◽  
A. I. Sukhorukov ◽  
D. E. Edemskii ◽  
V. V. Kopeikin ◽  
P. A. Morozov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Field ◽  
Lower Ionosphere ◽  
Signal Propagation ◽  
Propagation Path ◽  
New Methods ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Resonance Band ◽  
Cavity Resonances ◽  
Lightning Discharges ◽  
Signal Propagation Path

The paper discusses ELF-VLF investigations of the low Antarctic ionosphere. Two new methods of lower ionospheric diagnostics are based on an investigation of the VLF electromagnetic field structure in the Earth-ionosphere cavity. One method deals with the analysis of local transverse cavity resonances in the near field of an emitter (a horizontal antenna) with a frequency (~1.5-8 kHz) in the range of the first few resonances. The other method, based on tweek investigations, is applicable under night conditions and enables the characteristics of the low ionosphere to be determined over a signal propagation path. The use of the ELF-VLF transmitter at Siple Station provides a unique opportunity to implement these methods, as does the ELF multipoint recording in the Schumann resonance band of atmospherics excited by powerful lightning discharges.

Dynamical processes in the lower ionosphere

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 76-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.V. Panasenko ◽  
◽  
V.T. Rozumenko ◽  
O.F. Tyrnov ◽  
L.F. Chernogor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Ionosphere ◽  
Dynamical Processes

Relation between Charge Amounts of Lightning Discharges Derived from ELF Waveform Data and Severe Weather

2016 ◽  
Vol 136 (5) ◽  
pp. 252-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiharu Shimizu ◽  
Mitsuteru Sato ◽  
Yasuji Hongo ◽  
Fuminori Tsuchiya ◽  
Yukihiro Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Severe Weather ◽  
Waveform Data ◽  
Lightning Discharges
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