Inequality of the passive gravitational mass and the inertial mass of an extended body

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. I. Denisov ◽  
A. A. Logunov ◽  
Yu. V. Chugreev
Keyword(s):  
Inertial Mass ◽  
Gravitational Mass ◽  
Extended Body ◽  
Passive Gravitational Mass

REMARKS ON GRAVITATIONAL SOURCES

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (36) ◽  
pp. 2801-2808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. JACK NG ◽  
HENDRIK VAN DAM
Keyword(s):  
Finite Volume ◽  
Quantum Fluctuations ◽  
Inertial Mass ◽  
Gravitational Mass ◽  
Time Averaging ◽  
Classical Level ◽  
Gravitational Fields ◽  
Classical Object ◽  
Spacetime Metric

We show that, due to quantum fluctuations of the spacetime metric, any source of observable static gravitational fields is a classical object. We also show that, at the classical level, the gravitational mass of any system of finite volume is equal to its inertial mass in general only after time averaging.

scholarly journals Does the Equivalence between Gravitational Mass and Energy Survive for a Composite Quantum Body?

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Lebed
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Atom ◽  
Mass Operator ◽  
Energy Operator ◽  
Quantum States ◽  
Gravitational Mass ◽  
Hydrogen Atoms ◽  
Expectation Values ◽  
Direct Experiment ◽  
Stationary Quantum ◽  
Passive Gravitational Mass

We define passive and active gravitational mass operators of the simplest composite quantum body—a hydrogen atom. Although they do not commute with its energy operator, the equivalence between the expectation values of passive and active gravitational masses and energy is shown to survive for stationary quantum states. In our calculations of passive gravitational mass operator, we take into account not only kinetic and Coulomb potential energies but also the so-called relativistic corrections to electron motion in a hydrogen atom. Inequivalence between passive and active gravitational masses and energy at a macroscopic level is demonstrated to reveal itself as time-dependent oscillations of the expectation values of the gravitational masses for superpositions of stationary quantum states. Breakdown of the equivalence between passive gravitational mass and energy at a microscopic level reveals itself as unusual electromagnetic radiation, emitted by macroscopic ensemble of hydrogen atoms, moved by small spacecraft with constant velocity in the Earth’s gravitational field. We suggest the corresponding experiment on the Earth’s orbit to detect this radiation, which would be the first direct experiment where quantum effects in general relativity are observed.

The law of gravitation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Deruelle ◽  
Jean-Philippe Uzan
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Internal Energy ◽  
Poisson Equation ◽  
Gravitational Force ◽  
Inertial Mass ◽  
Point Particle ◽  
Gravitational Mass ◽  
Cohesive Forces ◽  
The Poisson Equation ◽  
Reference Body

This chapter embarks on the study of Newton’s law of gravitation. It first discusses gravitational mass and inertial mass, a measure of the ‘resistance’ of the point particle to an applied force. The numerical value of the inertial mass of a body can in principle be obtained from collision experiments by assigning to a reference body a unit inertial mass of one kilogram or, more rigorously, one ‘inertial kilogram’. Next, the chapter considers the ratio of gravitational and inertial masses. It considers that, in the absence of friction, all objects, no matter what their inertial mass, or the nature of their constituents, or the internal energy or cohesive forces of their constituents, fall in the same way in an external gravitational field. Finally, this chapter studies Newton’s gravitational force and field, as well as the Poisson equation and the gravitational Lagrangian.

Superfluid Quantum Vacuum Model,Mass-Energy Equivalence, Inertia, and Gravity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amrit Sorli ◽  
Manuel Malaver ◽  
Santanu Kumar Patro
Keyword(s):  
Inertial Mass ◽  
Variable Density ◽  
Gravitational Mass ◽  
Quantum Vacuum ◽  
Mass Energy ◽  
Vacuum Fluctuations ◽  
Vacuum Model ◽  
Energy Equivalence ◽  
Superfluid Vacuum

In this paper, we present the Superfluid Vacuum model in order to explain mass-energy equivalence, inertia and gravity. We found that this model confirms that inertial mass and gravitational mass are equal and have this origin in the vacuum fluctuations caused by the variable density of vacuum.

The Interaction of Economic Entities. Science Analogy

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 8-17
Author(s):  
V. Babanov ◽  
V. Homyakov
Keyword(s):  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
Inertial Mass ◽  
Gravitational Mass ◽  
Universal Gravitation ◽  
Economic Entity ◽  
Fundamental Reason ◽  
The Law ◽  
Law Of Attraction

The article discusses the possibility of using the results of some Sciences (in this case, the Law of universal gravitation) in the study of other Sciences. The Law of universal gravitation, which is one of the most important laws of nature, is described. The interaction of economic entities from the standpoint of the Law of universal gravitation is considered. The features of interaction between sellers and buyers are studied. It established that the fundamental reason for the attraction of economic entities is the need to meet their needs. The process of meeting the needs of an economic entity is described. The following concepts are introduced: inertial mass (mass of stability) of an economic subject, gravitational mass (mass of attraction) of an economic subject. The features of these indicators are studied. The analysis of changes in the forces of attraction between economic entities in the process of their interaction are carried out. The law of attraction of two economic entities is formulated.

scholarly journals EINSTEIN'S REAL "BIGGEST BLUNDER"

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 1242022 ◽  
Author(s):  
HOMER G. ELLIS
Keyword(s):  
Constant Term ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Gravitational Mass ◽  
Field Equations ◽  
Gravitational Field Equations ◽  
Accelerating Expansion ◽  
Expansion Of The Universe ◽  
Passive Gravitational Mass ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Active Gravitational Mass

Albert Einstein's real "biggest blunder" was not the 1917 introduction into his gravitational field equations of a cosmological constant term Λ, rather was his failure in 1916 to distinguish between the entirely different concepts of active gravitational mass and passive gravitational mass. Had he made the distinction, and followed David Hilbert's lead in deriving field equations from a variational principle, he might have discovered a true (not a cut and paste) Einstein–Rosen bridge and a cosmological model that would have allowed him to predict, long before such phenomena were imagined by others, inflation, a big bounce (not a big bang), an accelerating expansion of the universe, dark matter, and the existence of cosmic voids, walls, filaments and nodes.

scholarly journals Breakdown of the Einstein’s Equivalence Principle for a quantum body

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (20) ◽  
pp. 2030010
Author(s):  
Andrei G. Lebed
Keyword(s):  
Equivalence Principle ◽  
Gravitational Mass ◽  
Hydrogen Atoms ◽  
Expectation Values ◽  
Einstein's Equation ◽  
Stationary Quantum ◽  
Einstein's Equivalence Principle ◽  
Passive Gravitational Mass ◽  
Theoretical Results ◽  
Quantum Ensembles

We review our recent theoretical results about inequivalence between passive gravitational mass and energy for a composite quantum body at a macroscopic level. In particular, we consider macroscopic ensembles of the simplest composite quantum bodies — hydrogen atoms. Our results are as follows. For the most ensembles, the Einstein’s Equivalence Principle is valid. On the other hand, we discuss that for some special quantum ensembles — ensembles of the coherent superpositions of the stationary quantum states in the hydrogen atoms (which we call Gravitational demons) — the Equivalence Principle between passive gravitational mass and energy is broken. We show that, for such superpositions, the expectation values of passive gravitational masses are not related to the expectation values of energies by the famous Einstein’s equation, i.e. [Formula: see text]. Possible experiments at the Earth’s laboratories are briefly discussed, in contrast to the numerous attempts and projects to discover the possible breakdown of the Einstein’s Equivalence Principle during the space missions.

The equivalence of inertial and passive gravitational mass

1972 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. B. Braginsky ◽  
V. I. Panov
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Mass ◽  
Passive Gravitational Mass
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