Membrane and firing properties of avian medial vestibular nucleus neuronsin vitro

1995 ◽  
Vol 176 (5) ◽  
pp. 641-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. du Lac ◽  
S. G. Lisberger
Keyword(s):  
Vestibular Nucleus ◽  
Medial Vestibular Nucleus ◽  
Firing Properties

Anticipation in the Rodent Head Direction System Can Be Explained by an Interaction of Head Movements and Vestibular Firing Properties

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 1883-1897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthijs A. A. van der Meer ◽  
James J. Knierim ◽  
D. Yoganarasimha ◽  
Emma R. Wood ◽  
Mark C. W. van Rossum
Keyword(s):  
Vestibular Nucleus ◽  
Passive Movement ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Medial Vestibular Nucleus ◽  
Electrophysiological Recording ◽  
Head Direction ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
Behavioral Variables ◽  
Firing Properties ◽  
Functional Circuitry

The rodent head-direction (HD) system, which codes for the animal's head direction in the horizontal plane, is thought to be critically involved in spatial navigation. Electrophysiological recording studies have shown that HD cells can anticipate the animal's HD by up to 75–80 ms. The origin of this anticipation is poorly understood. In this modeling study, we provide a novel explanation for HD anticipation that relies on the firing properties of neurons afferent to the HD system. By incorporating spike rate adaptation and postinhibitory rebound as observed in medial vestibular nucleus neurons, our model produces realistic anticipation on a large corpus of rat movement data. In addition, HD anticipation varies between recording sessions of the same cell, between active and passive movement, and between different studies. Such differences do not appear to be correlated with behavioral variables and cannot be accounted for using earlier models. In the present model, anticipation depends on the power spectrum of the head movements. By direct comparison with recording data, we show that the model explains 60–80% of the observed anticipation variability. We conclude that HD afferent dynamics and the statistics of rat head movements are important in generating HD anticipation. This result contributes to understanding the functional circuitry of the HD system and has methodological implications for studies of HD anticipation.

Excitation and inhibition of rat medial vestibular nucleus neurones by 5-hydroxytryptamine

1993 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.R. Johnston ◽  
Bridin Murnion ◽  
D.S. McQueen ◽  
M.B. Dutia
Keyword(s):  
Vestibular Nucleus ◽  
Medial Vestibular Nucleus

Plasticity of γ-aminobutyrate receptors in the medial vestibular nucleus of rat after inferior cerebellar peduncle transection

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Yizhe Sun ◽  
Donald A. Godfrey ◽  
Allan M. Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Vestibular Nucleus ◽  
Brain Slices ◽  
Medial Vestibular Nucleus ◽  
Grouped Data ◽  
Spontaneous Firing ◽  
Gaba A ◽  
Endogenous Gaba ◽  
Single Unit Recordings ◽  
Cerebellar Peduncle ◽  
Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle

Extracellular single unit recordings were made from regularly discharging medial vestibular nucleus neurons in brain slices from control rats and from rats surviving 7 days after bilateral transection of the inferior cerebellar peduncle. Decreases in firing rate during perfusion with the Îş-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonists, muscimol (GABA A ) and baclofen (GABA B ), were greater in lesioned rats than in control rats. For the grouped data, the half-maximally-effective concentrations of muscimol and baclofen were 3.2 µM, as compared with 19.6 µM for control, and 0.8 µM, as compared with 2.7 µM for control, respectively. The antagonists bicuculline (GABA A ) and 2-OH-saclofen (GABA B ) only minimally affected the spontaneous firing rates of neurons in lesioned rats, significantly less than in control rats. The data suggest that the decreases of endogenous GABA levels in the medial vestibular nucleus after inferior cerebellar peduncle transection are accompanied by up-regulation of GABA A and, to a lesser extent, GABA B receptors.

Unilateral labyrinthectomy induced changes on GDNF receptor complex proteins in the rat medial vestibular nuclei

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 171-177
Author(s):  
Adrian Lozada ◽  
Kaj Karlstedt ◽  
Pertti Panula ◽  
Antti A. Aarnisalo
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Vestibular Nucleus ◽  
Medial Vestibular Nucleus ◽  
Receptor Complex ◽  
Trophic Effect ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Unilateral Labyrinthectomy ◽  
Ganglion Neurons ◽  
Mrna Expression Levels

In the auditory periphery, GDNF has been shown to have a trophic effect to spiral ganglion neurons, both during development and in adult animals. We have studied the effect of unilateral labyrinthectomy (UL) on protein levels and expression of GDNF multicomponent receptor complex: the ret tyrosine kinase and coreceptor GFRα-1 in the medial vestibular nucleus of the adult rat. GFRα-1 protein levels display an increasing trend in ipsilateral medial vestibular nucleus culminating at 48 h post UL. On the other hand, GFRα-1 mRNA expression levels in ipsi- and contralateral medial vestibular nucleus show a steadily decreasing trend that is significant at 1 week post-lesion. Protein levels for c-Ret isoforms also show an initial bilateral decreasing trend that ceases at 48 h in ipsilateral medial vestibular nucleus but persists on the contralateral side. c-Ret mRNA expression levels show a significant decrease at 4 h post UL followed by another significant decrease 1 week post UL. Our data would suggest that neurotrophins belonging to the GDNF family are involved in this model of post-lesional CNS plasticity.

Measurement of 5-hydroxytryptamine release in the rat medial vestibular nucleus using in vivo microdialysis

2002 ◽  
Vol 323 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shino Inoue ◽  
Taizo Kita ◽  
Toshiaki Yamanaka ◽  
Yohichi Ogawa ◽  
Toshikatsu Nakashima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vestibular Nucleus ◽  
In Vivo Microdialysis ◽  
Medial Vestibular Nucleus

Discharge patterns in nucleus prepositus hypoglossi and adjacent medial vestibular nucleus during horizontal eye movement in behaving macaques

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 319-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. McFarland ◽  
A. F. Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Smooth Pursuit ◽  
Vestibular Nucleus ◽  
Medial Vestibular Nucleus ◽  
Eye Position ◽  
Head Velocity ◽  
Firing Rates ◽  
Prepositus Hypoglossi ◽  
Eye Velocity

1. Monkeys were trained to perform a variety of horizontal eye tracking tasks designed to reveal possible eye movement and vestibular sensitivities of neurons in the medulla. To test eye movement sensitivity, we required stationary monkeys to track a small spot that moved horizontally. To test vestibular sensitivity, we rotated the monkeys about a vertical axis and required them to fixate a target rotating with them to suppress the vestibuloocular reflex (VOR). 2. All of the 100 units described in our study were recorded from regions of the medulla that were prominently labeled after injections of horseradish peroxidase into the abducens nucleus. These regions include the nucleus prepositus hypoglossi (NPH), the medial vestibular nucleus (MVN), and their common border (the “marginal zone”). We report here the activities of three different types of neurons recorded in these regions. 3. Two types responded only during eye movements per se. Their firing rates increased with eye position; 86% had ipsilateral “on” directions. Almost three quarters (73%) of these medullary neurons exhibited a burst-tonic discharge pattern that is qualitatively similar to that of abducens motoneurons. There were, however, quantitative differences in that these medullary burst-position neurons were less sensitive to eye position than were abducens motoneurons and often did not pause completely for saccades in the off direction. The burst of medullary burst position neurons preceded the saccade by an average of 7.6 +/- 1.7 (SD) ms and, on average, lasted the duration of the saccade. The number of spikes in the burst was well correlated with saccade size. The second type of eye movement neuron displayed either no discernible burst or an inconsistent one for on-direction saccades and will be referred to as medullary position neurons. Neither the burst-position nor the position neurons responded when the animals suppressed the VOR; hence, they displayed no vestibular sensitivity. 4. The third type of neuron was sensitive to both eye movement and vestibular stimulation. These neurons increased their firing rates during horizontal head rotation and smooth pursuit eye movements in the same direction; most (76%) preferred ipsilateral head and eye movements. Their firing rates were approximately in phase with eye velocity during sinusoidal smooth pursuit and with head velocity during VOR suppression; on average, their eye velocity sensitivity was 50% greater than their vestibular sensitivity. Sixty percent of these eye/head velocity cells were also sensitive to eye position. 5. The NPH/MVN region contains many neurons that could provide an eye position signal to abducens neurons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

scholarly journals The Effect of the Medial Vestibular Nucleus Neurons on the Ipsilateral Lateral Vestibular Nucleus in Cats

1983 ◽  
Vol 76 (2special) ◽  
pp. 658-666
Author(s):  
Juichi Ito ◽  
Izuru Matsuoka ◽  
Tokuya Takatani ◽  
Masashi Sasa ◽  
Shuji Takakori
Keyword(s):  
Vestibular Nucleus ◽  
Medial Vestibular Nucleus ◽  
Lateral Vestibular Nucleus
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