Aplysia sea hare assimilation of secondary metabolites from brown seaweed,Stypopodium zonale

1989 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 677-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Gerwick ◽  
George Whatley
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Brown Seaweed ◽  
Sea Hare ◽  
Stypopodium Zonale

scholarly journals Edible brown seaweeds: a review

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.K. Asanka Sanjeewa ◽  
You-Jin Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Brown Seaweed ◽  
Laminaria Japonica ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Brown Seaweeds ◽  
Fresh Vegetables

Seaweeds play a vital role as a source of food and ingredients in traditional Korean medicine. Koreans consume seaweed as fresh vegetables, salad, soups, or snacks. There are several edible brown seaweed species are abundant along the shores of the Korean peninsula, such as Ecklonia cava, Hizikia fusiforme, Laminaria japonica, Pelvetia siliquosa, Sargassum fulvellum, and Undaria pinnatifida. With the growing body of scientific evidence, it is clear that these brown seaweeds are not only good substitutes for land vegetables but also a good source of bioactive secondary metabolites. The secondary metabolites identified from edible Korean brown seaweeds (phlorotannins, sulfated polysaccharides, pigments, and sterols) have the potential to be developed as functional food ingredients. However, seaweeds consumption and their industrial level applications as functional materials are limited compared to the land vegetables. Insufficient awareness about health benefits of seaweeds might be the reason for this issue. Thus, in this review health promotion properties associated with edible Korean brown seaweeds are summarized. The present study might therefore increase consumption and industrial use of brown seaweeds.

Secondary Metabolites Isolated from the Sea Hare Aplysia pulmonica from the South China Sea

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 758-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Feng Mou ◽  
Wen-Tao Bian ◽  
Chang-Yun Wang ◽  
Chang-Lun Shao
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Sea Hare

scholarly journals Effects of storage and solvent type in a lipophylic chemical profile of the seaweed Dictyota menstrualis

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Negrão Cavalcanti ◽  
Marcelo Augusto Vasconcelos Gomes ◽  
Angelo Cunha Pinto ◽  
Claudia Moraes de Rezende ◽  
Renato Crespo Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Brown Seaweed ◽  
Selective Extraction ◽  
Chemical Profile ◽  
Dictyota Menstrualis ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Solvent Type

Crude extracts from specimens of the brown seaweed Dictyota menstrualis, known to produce diterpenes as their major secondary metabolites, were analyzed according to storage procedures before extraction, and the solvent types used to obtain the crude extracts. The specimens of D. menstrualis were submitted to three types of storage procedures, such as wet, dry, and frozen and were extracted with a mixture of dichloromethane:methanol (2:1) and acetone. Qualitative differences were not observed by GC/MS analyses of all crude extracts containing mainly the diterpenes pachydictyol A (I), 6-hydroxy-dichotoma-3,14-diene-1,17-dial (II), 6-hydroxy-2,7-cycloxenia-3,14-diene-1,17-dial (III), and 6-acetoxy-dichotoma-3,14-diene-1,17-dial (IV). The most efficient and selective extraction of the compounds with intermediate polarity produced by D. menstrualis was obtained using acetone, but with less mass production. In general, the storage procedures produced very similar results, but the frozen samples furnished low amount of total diterpenes. According to these results on chemical analysis of crude extracts of seaweeds, the choice of solvent to extraction should be considered as important aspect to better screening bioactive compounds.

scholarly journals Eksplorasi Bahan Aktif Rumput Laut Coklat (Phaeophyceae) sebagai Biolarvasida Aedes aegypti [Exploration of Brown Seaweed (Phaeophyceae) Active Subtance as Aedes aegypti Biolarvicides]

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Ike Nur Firdhayani, Moch. Amin Alamsjah, Sri Subekti
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Positive Result ◽  
Active Substance ◽  
Brown Seaweed ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Complex Chemical ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Seaweed Extracts ◽  
Treatment Research

Abstract Exploration of seaweed on pharmacy has been developed. The recent studies found its capacity as biolarvacidal. The expert cited Manilal explained that seaweed secondary metabolites has a complex chemical structures with a different bioactivity capabilities. It also has varied capabilities, for pharmacy field, ecologic and as a toxic source. This study aim are to determined the capabilities of brown seaweed extracts P. gymnospora, S. filipendula, S. duplicatum, and S. polycystum as an Ae. aegypti larvicides and optimum dose for 50% mortality (LC50 ) of Ae. aegypti larvae. The research methods is experimental with 50% Ae. aegypti larvae mortality (LC50 ) or probit analyzis. The treatment research are P.gymnospora as E1, S. filipendula as E2, S. duplicatum E3, and S. polycystum as E4. The concentration of each 20 ppm (D1), 40 ppm (D2) , 60 ppm (D3), 80 ppm (D4) and 100 ppm (D5). Repetitions of each treatment three times. The results showed that extracting of P. gymnospora, S. filipendula, S. duplicatum, and S. polycystum have capability as Ae. aegypti larvicide. The optimum dose of the extract with the number of deaths is 50 % or LC50 P. gymnospora (40.19 ppm ± 0.21), S. duplicatum, S. Fillipendula, S. Polycystum more than 100 ppm. The discussion about active substance of brown seaweed, saponins, terpenoids, flavonoids and polivenol showed positive result and its dominance founded in P. gymnospora extract that is the best efficiency of LC50

scholarly journals Quantitative variation of secondary metabolites in the sea hare Aplysia parvula and its host plant, Delisea pulchra

1996 ◽  
Vol 130 ◽  
pp. 135-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
R de Nys ◽  
PD Steinberg ◽  
CN Rogers ◽  
TS Charlton ◽  
MW Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Quantitative Variation ◽  
Sea Hare ◽  
Delisea Pulchra

scholarly journals Effects similar to anxiolysis in an organic extract of Stypopodium zonale on an anxiety-related behavior in Drosophila melanogaster

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keysh Mejías ◽  
Grisel Robles ◽  
Zulmari Martínez ◽  
Anamaris Torres ◽  
Lee Algarín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Organic Extract ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Stypopodium Zonale ◽  
Behavioral Trials

Nature has a great diversity of organisms whose bioactive compounds may potentially be studied. When it comes to aquatic life we find that algae are organisms that are well suited for screening and identification of bioactive compounds due to their widespread distribution in both salt and freshwater. Our hypothesis is that a crude organic extract of the brown algae Stypopodium zonale can decrease anxiety-related behaviors in Drosophila melanogaster. Stypopodium zonale was collected in the south coast of Puerto Rico and the potential anxiolytic-like effects of the extract were studied in an anxiogenic-like behavioral paradigm in Drosophila melanogaster. This behavior is called centrophobia and is measured using an Open Field Arena (OFA). Validation of the paradigm gave the expected results as reported in the literature, in which Drosophila exhibits a phobia (avoidance) of remaining in the center of the OFA, which corresponds to a behavior with anxiety components. The organic extract was dissolved with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Toxicity tests were performed both for DMSO and the crude organic extract, and neither showed positive results. To perform the behavioral trials, 1 mL of the crude extract and 4 mL of water were mixed with 1.8 g of Drosophila food. The final concentration of the crude extract in the food was 5.4 mg/mL. The adult flies were grown in a tube with the extract until a considerable quantity of larvae was observed, and then the adults were removed. These new larvae, once turned into adult flies, were used for the behavioral trials. The behavior of control flies (food without extract) and experimental flies (extract containing food) was recorded with a video camera and the results of the centrophobic behavior were analyzed and compared using quantitative criteria. Both the control and experimental trials were performed in triplicate. The results show that flies grown in food containing the crude extract present a significant reduction in centrophobia compared with control flies. In conclusion, our results suggest that the organic crude extract from Stypopodium zonale has anxiolytic-like effects in a Drosophila melanogaster model with anxiety components. We are currently performing Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) studies on the crude extracts to identify the most abundant secondary metabolites. Future experiments should include the administration of the crude extracts (or fractions of the most abundant secondary metabolites) to a vertebrate model in to test the effect in a behavior with anxiety components. We are also in the process of developing a preliminary model of possible mechanisms of action of the crude organic extract in the reduction of centrophobia. KEYWORDS: Anxiety; Algae; Drosophila melanogaster; Open Field Arena; Organic extracts; Centrophobia; Stypopodium zonale

scholarly journals ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND PHENOLIC CONTENTS OF SEVEN BROWN SEAWEED FROM DJIBOUTI COAST

2019 ◽  
pp. 42-44
Author(s):  
ABDIRAHMAN ELMI FOURREH ◽  
FATOUMA MOHAMED ABDOUL-LATIF ◽  
MOUSTAPHA NOUR IBRAHIM ◽  
ALI MERITO ALI
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Brown Seaweed ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Phenolic Contents ◽  
Dpph Method

Objective: This study focuses on the antioxidant potential of Djibouti brown seaweed and their phenolic contents. Methods: We evaluated the antioxidant potential by DPPH method (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and their phenolic contents of seven Djibouti seaweed: Cytoseira myrica, Padina pavonica, Sargassum fluitans, Sargassum ilifolium, Sargassum sp, Turbinaria triquetra and Turbinaria turbinata. Also, we searched the secondary metabolites of these seaweeds. Results: We obtain a higher antioxidant activity at 60,7±0,9 % and a higher phenolic content at 199,01±0,5 μg equivalent phloroglucinol (PGE)/g dry matter for Padina pavonica. A good linear correlation (R2 = 0,898) is observed between the antioxidant activity and the phenolic content of the seaweed studied. Also, two Padina pavonica collected in two different locations have different biochemical concentrations and antioxidant activity, suggesting the influence of the marine environment on the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and the biological activities of seaweed. The present study shows the presence of tannins, saponosides, flavonoids and steroid-terpenes. Conclusion: The species studied show interesting antioxidant activities and can be consumed to prevent oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Feeding-deterrent properties of diterpenes of Dictyota mertensii (Phaeophyceae, Dictyotales)

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magui Aparecida Vallim ◽  
Valéria Laneuville Teixeira ◽  
Renato Crespo Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Brown Seaweed ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
Lytechinus Variegatus ◽  
Minor Components ◽  
Active Fraction ◽  
Ecological Specialization ◽  
Fernando De Noronha ◽  
Different Populations

Crude extracts of the brown seaweed Dictyota mertensii (Martius) Kützing collected at two distant and different places on the Brazilian coast, Búzios (Rio de Janeiro) and Fernando de Noronha (PE), were evaluated for defensive chemistry against the crab Pachygrapsus transversus, and the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus. The extract from Búzios specimens of D. mertensii significantly inhibited the consumption by both P. transversus and L. varigetaus. Fractionation of the extracts of specimens of D. mertensii from Búzios and F. de Noronha followed by complementary assays revealed one active fraction from each location, which contained distinct defensive secondary metabolites. In each active fractions prenylated guaiane diterpenes were the major compounds. Dictyol H and epoxypachydictyol A were the most abundant compounds in Búzios and F. de Noronha, respectively, followed by minor components. Our results show a differential production of secondary metabolites in the two distant and different populations of D. mertensii along the Brazilian coast. This suggests that defensive chemicals from this seaweed are not qualitatively absolute characteristics of the species, but may represent an ecological specialization to successfully prevent herbivory.

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