Normal range of blood colony-forming cells (CFU-C) in humans: Influence of experimental conditions, age, sex, and diurnal variations

1979 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ponassi ◽  
L. Morra ◽  
F. Bonanni ◽  
A. Molinari ◽  
G. Gigli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variations ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Experimental Conditions

Synergistic Effects of a Procoagulant Bispecific Antibody and Rescue Therapies on Thrombin Generation- a Potential Safety Risk

Blood ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 128 (22) ◽  
pp. 4952-4952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Knappe ◽  
Rudolf Hartmann ◽  
Brahm Goldstein ◽  
Bruce M. Ewenstein ◽  
Leonard Valentino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Thrombin Generation ◽  
Hemophilia A ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Prospective Clinical Study ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Experimental Conditions

Abstract Background: Investigational non-factor products, such as ACE 910 (Emicizumab), offer potential new treatment options for hemophilia patients with inhibitors. However, their uncertain and unregulated mechanisms of action raise multiple concerns around safety and efficacy in specific clinical contexts. As an antibody to FIXa and FX, ACE 910 lacks the inherent regulatory characteristics that are present in replacement factor and bypassing agents in the context of hemostasis. FEIBA is a plasma-derived, activated prothrombin complex concentrate developed to prevent and treat bleeding episodes in hemophilia A and B patients with inhibitors. There are more than 40 years of clinical experience with FEIBA. Extensive prospective clinical study data, as well as post-approval pharmacovigilance data demonstrated the product to be safe and highly effective. In an ongoing phase III study (NCT02622321), hemophilia A patients with inhibitors are treated with Emicizumab. To evaluate the treatment options for ACE910-treated patients experiencing breakthrough bleeding, we studied, in-vitro, the thrombin generation profile of various combinations of FEIBA with a biosimilar version of ACE910. Methods: A biosimilar antibody to Emicizumab (BS-Em) was expressed in mammalian cells, purified and extensively biochemically characterized. Therapeutic doses of BS-Em (200-600nM) in combination with several concentrations of FEIBA (0.1-1IU/ml) were analyzed in standard in-vitro thrombin generation (TG) experiments (1pM TF trigger) using 3 inhibitor patient plasma. A normal range of TG for the experimental conditions used was established using plasma from 34 healthy individuals. Results: The combination of FEIBA and BS-Em resulted in peak thrombin values of >500nM (600nM BS-Em/1IU/ml FEIBA) while the normal range was established to span peak thrombin levels of ~50-120nM thrombin. Titration experiments established that at 600nM BS-Em, FEIBA concentrations of >0.2IU/ml led to peak thrombin values 4- 10-fold higher than the normal range. Conclusions: Our in-vitro experiments demonstrate an excessive thrombin generation potential for the combination of BS-Em and FEIBA at concentrations expected to be generated in patients participating in this study. Caution and clinical judgement will be required when considering the use of ACE910 in hemophilia A patients with inhibitors as options to treat breakthrough bleeds if they occur might be reduced or lead to potential AE. Disclosures Knappe: Shire: Employment. Hartmann:Shire: Employment. Goldstein:Shire: Employment. Ewenstein:Shire: Employment. Valentino:Shire: Employment. Scheiflinger:Shire: Employment.

Resource Consultant Communication and Teacher Expectations of Behaviorally Disordered Children

1982 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen P. Safran
Keyword(s):  
Acting Out ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Behaviorally Disordered ◽  
Regular Educators ◽  
Written Information ◽  
Regular Class ◽  
Class Placement ◽  
Paradoxical Effects ◽  
Main Effects

This study was designed to identify factors in behavioral disorders resource consultant communication that might influence regular educators' expectations. Teachers were randomly assigned to one of four experimental conditions involving written information descriptions (positive and negative) and videotaped behavior (withdrawn and acting-out). The main effects for the information condition were minimal, but tended to have paradoxical effects, with positive tending to produce lower expectations for items measuring Effects on Other Students in the Regular Classroom and Effects on the Child from Regular Class Placement (p < .01). Findings suggest that the resource consultant should portray a behaviorally disordered child as a student with specific problems that are within the normal range of behavior.

Studies on the metabolism of the ruminant by indirect calorimetry. I. The influence of variations in the external temperature on the energy exchange of the goat

1924 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 506-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Magee
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Calorimetry ◽  
Energy Exchange ◽  
Diurnal Variations ◽  
Basal Metabolism ◽  
Food Ingestion ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
External Temperature ◽  
Effect Of Food ◽  
The One ◽  
The Ideal

In calorimetric work the ideal experimental conditions are that all factors capable of influencing metabolism, except the one whose influence is the object of investigation, should be made constant or otherwise accounted for. It was while striving to attain such conditions that the necessity for this study arose.During an investigation into the effect of food ingestion on the basal metabolism of the goat by the method of indirect calorimetry described by Orr and Magee(1) it was deemed inadvisable to ignore the diurnal variations in external temperature, and, consequently, it was decided to submit the animal to varying changes of external temperature and to determine their effect upon its basal metabolism. It was the special objective of the experiments to ascertain the critical temperature of the goat or the temperature at which the vital processes of the animal are most economically maintained.

Changes in Body Chloride, Density, and Water Content of Chum (Oncorhynchus keta) and Coho (O. kisutch) Salmon Fry when Transferred from Fresh Water to Sea Water

1951 ◽  
Vol 8b (3) ◽  
pp. 164-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia Safford Black
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Salmon Fry

Changes in body chloride, density and water content of chum and coho salmon fry were measured when these fish were transferred from fresh water to sea water, and the reverse. Both species tolerated 50% sea water (8–9‰ Cl). Chum fry survived direct transfer from fresh water to sea water (15–17‰ Cl), but showed a marked increase in body chloride during the first 12 hours, followed by a return to the normal range between 12 and 24 hours. Coho, however, died within the first 36 hours, after a 60% increase in chloride. Coho fry lost more water than chum fry after introduction to sea water. The density of both species approximated that of the water within an hour of transfer to the new medium. When returned to fresh water after 12 hours in sea water the body chloride, density, and water content of both species regained normal levels within 10 hours. Chum salmon go to sea as fry, whereas cohos remain in fresh water a year or more. Although coho fry seem capable of some adjustment to sea water after a preliminary period in 50% sea water, permanent acclimatization could not be demonstrated under the experimental conditions.

STUDIES ON THE EXPERIMENTAL ALTERATION OF WATER AND ELECTROLYTE COMPOSITION OF THE EEL (ANGUILLA ANGUILLA L.)

1967 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. O. CHAN ◽  
I. CHESTER JONES ◽  
I. W. HENDERSON ◽  
J. C. RANKIN
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Serum Potassium ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Anguilla Anguilla ◽  
Electrolyte Composition ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Corpuscles Of Stannius ◽  
Freshwater Eel

SUMMARY The distribution of water, electrolyte composition (Na, K, Ca, Mg, PO4, Cl) and extracellular fluid volume of eels (Anguilla anguilla L.) were investigated under different experimental conditions. Adrenalectomy of the freshwater eel was followed by an increase in body weight, a fall in the amount and concentration of sodium in serum and muscle and a shift of water into the cells. The concentration of serum potassium remained within the normal range. Adrenalectomy of the sea-water eel was followed by a decrease in body weight and an increase in the concentration of extra- and intracellular sodium. The concentration of serum calcium also increased, that of potassium remained within the normal range but the actual content diminished. Removal of the corpuscles of Stannius from the freshwater eel gave some effects similar to adrenalectomy. There was, however, no significant increase in body weight but the concentrations of serum potassium and calcium rose. Removal of the corpuscles from the sea-water eel brought about changes similar to, but less pronounced than those after adrenalectomy. The results of the injection of mammalian corticotrophin, cortisol, aldosterone and anti-aldosterone compounds are given. They are discussed in the light of the possible roles of the adrenal cortex and the corpuscles of Stannius in the maintenance of homeostasis of the eel in different environments.

STUDIES ON CIRCADIAN VARIATIONS OF PLASMA TSH, THYROXINE AND TRIIODOTHYRONINE IN MAN

1977 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Lucke ◽  
R. Hehrmann ◽  
K. von Mayersbach ◽  
A. von zur Mühlen
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Diurnal Rhythm ◽  
Diurnal Variations ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Circadian Variations ◽  
Routine Testing ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Tsh Levels ◽  
Diurnal Rhythmicity

ABSTRACT To evaluate the existence of circadian variations in thyroid hormone and TSH levels, blood was drawn every 20 min for 24 h in four and for 14 h in one volunteer. Hormones were measured by sensitive radioimmunoassays. TSH: A diurnal rhythmicity could be demonstrated with peaks from 8 p. m. to 2 a. m. and a nadir from 7 a. m. to 2 p. m. Superimposed on the diurnal rhythm multiple shortlived fluctuations were observed. Thyroxine: Pooled data showed peak values from 8 a. m. to 12 a. m. and lowest levels from 11 p.m. to 3 a.m. Again, shortlived fluctuations were superimposed on the diurnal rhythm in all instances. Triiodothyronine: Hormone levels were highest from 7 a. m. to 1 p. m. and lowest from 11 p. m. to 3 a. m. Fluctuations in T3 levels were less marked than those of T4. Diurnal variations in hormone levels can be demonstrated in most, but not in all instances. Fluctuations are minor and do not exceed the normal range. Therefore these changes are of no relevance in routine testing of these hormones.

scholarly journals Diurnal variations in nitrate content of red beets

1984 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-243
Author(s):  
Heikki Kallio ◽  
Raila Rousku ◽  
Aarne Salminen
Keyword(s):  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Diurnal Variations ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Red Beet

The diurnal variations in nitrate content of red beet (Beta vulgaris L. var. conditiva) roots and leaves were observed in cultivations with either no nitrogen fertilizer or with Ca(NO3)2 addition. With less nitrate in the soil the diurnal reduction of nitrate content in the afternoon was greater; on the average 55 % in the leaves and 20 % in the roots of the maximum values in the middle of August. With nitrogen fertilizing (100 kg of nitrogen/ha) the corresponding values were about 15 to 20 %. The amplitude of alteration decreased toward the end of the growing season, as the nitrate content in the leaves in particular was reduced. In our experimental conditions nitrapyrin, a nitrification inhibitor, had no effect on the nitrate content in roots or leaves.

Electrolytic Isolation of Twin-Type Shock Deformation Structures

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 318-319
Author(s):  
F. I. Grace ◽  
L. E. Murr
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Thin Foil ◽  
Electrolyte Composition ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Average Current Density ◽  
Electron Transmission ◽  
Deformation Structures ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Average Current ◽  
Specimen Edge

During the course of electron transmission investigations of the deformation structures associated with shock-loaded thin foil specimens of 70/30 brass, it was observed that in a number of instances preferential etching occurred along grain boundaries; and that the degree of etching appeared to depend upon the various experimental conditions prevailing during electropolishing. These included the electrolyte composition, the average current density, and the temperature in the vicinity of the specimen. In the specific case of 70/30 brass shock-loaded at pressures in the range 200-400 kilobars, the predominant mode of deformation was observed to be twin-type faults which in several cases exhibited preferential etching similar to that observed along grain boundaries. A novel feature of this particular phenomenon was that in certain cases, especially for twins located in the vicinity of the specimen edge, the etching or preferential electropolishing literally isolated these structures from the matrix.

Site of Lysosome Production During Hepatic Injury

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 348-349
Author(s):  
Nalin J. Unakar
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Mouse Liver ◽  
Hepatic Injury ◽  
Close Approximation ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Toxic Injury

The increased number of lysosomes as well as the close approximation of lysosomes to the Golgi apparatus in tissue under variety of experimental conditions is commonly observed. These observations suggest Golgi involvement in lysosomal production. The role of the Golgi apparatus in the production of lysosomes in mouse liver was studied by electron microscopy of liver following toxic injury by CCI4.

Optimizing conditions for x-ray microchemical analysis in analytical electron microscopy

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 548-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Zaluzec
Keyword(s):  
Solid Angle ◽  
Analytical Electron Microscopy ◽  
Incident Beam ◽  
Thin Foil ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Microchemical Analysis ◽  
Analytical Electron ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Incident Beam Energy

The ultimate sensitivity of microchemical analysis using x-ray emission rests in selecting those experimental conditions which will maximize the measured peak-to-background (P/B) ratio. This paper presents the results of calculations aimed at determining the influence of incident beam energy, detector/specimen geometry and specimen composition on the P/B ratio for ideally thin samples (i.e., the effects of scattering and absorption are considered negligible). As such it is assumed that the complications resulting from system peaks, bremsstrahlung fluorescence, electron tails and specimen contamination have been eliminated and that one needs only to consider the physics of the generation/emission process.The number of characteristic x-ray photons (Ip) emitted from a thin foil of thickness dt into the solid angle dΩ is given by the well-known equation

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