Mesoscopic thermodynamics of nonequilibrium open systems. I. Negentropy consumption and residual entropy

1981 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teruaki Nakagomi
Keyword(s):  
Open Systems ◽  
Residual Entropy ◽  
Mesoscopic Thermodynamics

MODELLING AND CONTROL OF OPEN SYSTEMS

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Neto José Alves da Silva ◽  
◽  
Giacaglia Giorgio Eugenio Oscare ◽  
Lamas Wendell de Queiroz ◽  
Bargos Fabiano Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Systems ◽  
And Control

Phase equilibria in partially open systems under pressure: the decomposition of stoichiometric GeO2 oxide

2003 ◽  
Vol 173 (12) ◽  
pp. 1359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vadim V. Brazhkin ◽  
Roman N. Voloshin ◽  
A.G. Lyapin ◽  
Svetlana V. Popova
Keyword(s):  
Phase Equilibria ◽  
Open Systems

Catastrophe Theory in Explaining Price Dynamics on the Real Estate Market

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirosław Belej
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Catastrophe Theory ◽  
Open Systems ◽  
Real Estate Market ◽  
Sensitivity Threshold ◽  
State Variables ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
The Real Estate Market ◽  
External Stimuli

Abstract The real estate market is an open system, which implies that it is able to exchange signals with other open systems and dynamic systems. The evolution of a market system over time can be described mathematically. If the system's sensitivity threshold to external stimuli is exceeded, it becomes destabilized and moves from a near-balanced state to a state that is far from equilibrium. Those dynamic processes often induce key changes in the system's trajectory of evolution. In search of equilibrium, the system becomes transformed in a process of discontinuous and discrete changes in state variables. The above statement constitutes the research hypothesis in this article. In this study, an attempt was made to develop a mathematical model for visualizing the evolutionary path of the real estate market in the form of continuous changes interrupted by discontinuous changes. The qualitative transformation of the system will be evaluated with the use of the catastrophe theory.

Regioselective Gas-Phase n-Butane Transfer Dehydrogenation via Silica-Supported Pincer-Iridium Complexes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Sheludko ◽  
Cristina Castro ◽  
Chaitanya Khalap ◽  
Thomas Emge ◽  
Alan Goldman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Active Site ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Open Systems ◽  
Iridium Complexes ◽  
Terminal Olefin ◽  
Molecular Precursors ◽  
Sterically Demanding ◽  
Olefin Production ◽  
Steam Cracking

<b>Abstract:</b> The production of olefins via on-purpose dehydrogenation of alkanes allows for a more efficient, selective and lower cost alternative to processes such as steam cracking. Silica-supported pincer-iridium complexes of the form [(≡SiO-<sup>R4</sup>POCOP)Ir(CO)] (<sup>R4</sup>POCOP = κ<sup>3</sup>-C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>3</sub>-2,6-(OPR<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>) are effective for acceptorless alkane dehydrogenation, and have been shown stable up to 300 °C. However, while solution-phase analogues of such species have demonstrated high regioselectivity for terminal olefin production under transfer dehydrogenation conditions at or below 240 °C, in open systems at 300 °C, regioselectivity under acceptorless dehydrogenation conditions is consistently low. In this work, complexes <a>[(≡SiO-<i><sup>t</sup></i><sup>Bu4</sup>POCOP)Ir(CO)] </a>(<b>1</b>) and [(≡SiO-<i><sup>i</sup></i><sup>Pr4</sup>PCP)Ir(CO)] (<b>2</b>) were synthesized via immobilization of molecular precursors. These complexes were used for gas-phase butane transfer dehydrogenation using increasingly sterically demanding olefins, resulting in observed selectivities of up to 77%. The results indicate that the active site is conserved upon immobilization.

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