Biogenesis of the cortical granules in fish oocyte

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Nosek
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Granules ◽  
Fish Oocyte

Sulfated acid mucopolysaccharides in the cortical granules of eggs

1974 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Schuel ◽  
J.W. Kelly ◽  
E.R. Berger ◽  
W.L. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Granules ◽  
Acid Mucopolysaccharides

A comparative study of the reproductive system of mature, immature and ‘unisexual’ female Schistosoma mansoni

Parasitology ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Erasmus
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Gland Cell ◽  
Female Worm ◽  
Cortical Granules ◽  
Posterior Portion ◽  
Vitelline Duct ◽  
Vitelline Cells ◽  
Pass Through

The ultrastructure of the reproductive system of mature (54-day-old), immature (32-day-old) and females from unisexual infections of Schistosoma mansoni is described in detail. The uterus is tegumentary in structure but the vitelline duct and oviduct are complex and possess cilia as well as lamellae on their luminal surfaces. The characteristics of the cells forming the walls of the ducts suggests that they may have a digestive function. The posterior portion of the oviduct of the adult worm contains sperm which become enveloped by lamellae. The vitelline cells of the adult contain vitelline droplets, much lipid and little glycogen. A second type of body derived from endoplasmic whorls is also present. Mehlis's gland contains only one type of gland cell and these cells pass through the ootype wall and open into its lumen. The female from unisexual infections has an incompletely developed Mehlis's gland, an ovary in which the Golgi complexes do not produce typical cortical granules and has vitelline cells which remain immature. The oviduct, ootype and uterus are well developed in contrast to the vitelline duct. A comparison with young, but not inseminated worms, suggests that the presence of sperm in the oviduct is not the major stimulus which induces maturation of the female worm.

Ultrastructure of the female reproductive organs (ovary, vitellaria, and Mehlis' gland) of Halipegus eccentricus (Trematoda: Derogenidae)

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 2203-2212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon M. Holy ◽  
Darwin D. Wittrock
Keyword(s):  
Cell Types ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Golgi Body ◽  
Digenetic Trematode ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Cortical Granules ◽  
Golgi Bodies ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Vitelline Cells ◽  
Female Reproductive Organs

The female reproductive organs (ovary, vitellaria, and Mehlis' gland) of the digenetic trematode Halipegus eccentricus were studied by transmission electron microscopy. Oocytes entered diplotene while in the ovary and produced cortical granules and lipid bodies. Vitelline cells produced large amounts of eggshell protein but no yolk bodies. Two types of Mehlis' gland secretory cells were present, distinguishable by the morphology of their rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, and secretory bodies, and by the persistence of recognizable secretory material within the ootype lumen after exocytosis. In an attempt to standardize the nomenclature regarding the cell types of the Mehlis' gland, a classification that takes into account these four criteria is proposed. Two basic types of Golgi body organization were noted for the cells of the female reproductive system: a stack of flattened cisternae (Mehlis' gland alpha cells) and spherical Golgi bodies with vesicular cisternae (oocytes, vitelline cells, and Mehlis' gland beta cells).

Fine structural observations on oocyte development in monogeneans

Parasitology ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Halton ◽  
S. D. Stranock ◽  
Anne Hardcastle
Keyword(s):  
Meiotic Prophase ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Cell Periphery ◽  
Annulate Lamellae ◽  
Cellular Activity ◽  
Cortical Granules ◽  
Primary Oocyte ◽  
Nucleolar Volume ◽  
Oocyte Differentiation

SummaryThe ultrastructural changes accompanying oocyte differentiation in the ovaries of the monogeneans, Diclidophora merlangi, Diplozoon paradoxum and Calicotyle kröyeri have been described. In each case, oogenesis in the ovary proceeds as far as meiotic prophase in the primary oocyte. A three-stage sequence of development based on oocyte morphology is proposed: (1) Oogonia and early, immature primary oocytes are typically undifferentiated, with chromatin-laden nuclei occupying most of the cell volume. The cytoplasm contains small clumps of mitochrondria and unattached ribosomal aggregates. There is evidence of mitosis and, in later stages, meiotic prophase is indicated by the appearance of nuclear synaptonemal complexes. (2) Maturing primary oocytes are characterized by increased nucleolar volume associated with the production of RNA for export to the cytoplasm. An organized GER and Golgi apparatus are established and involved in the synthesis and packaging of membrane-limited cortical granules. Annulate lamellae and nucleolus-like bodies appear in the cytoplasm and, with development, the cells increase in size and, peripherally, become interdigitated. (3) Mature primary oocytes represent a resting phase when cellular activity is minimal. Golgi disappear and the ER fragments or becomes reduced in dimensions. Mitochondria and free ribo-somes are numerous and cortical granules move to the cell periphery. The cells separate and, when mature, are released from the ovary. There are minor species differences in oocyte ultrastructure and development.

Oocyte maturation: aberrant post-fusion responses of the rabbit primary oocyte to penetrating spermatozoa

1979 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
M. Berrios ◽  
J.M. Bedford
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Part ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Germinal Vesicle ◽  
Sperm Chromatin ◽  
Fallopian Tubes ◽  
Cortical Granules ◽  
Germinal Vesicle Breakdown ◽  
Acrosomal Membrane ◽  
Primary Oocyte ◽  
Inner Acrosomal Membrane

Primary oocytes cannot be fertilized normally; they begin to develop this capacity as meiosis resumes. To elucidate the changes involved in acquisition of their fertilizability, rabbit primary oocytes displaying a germinal vesicle (GV oocytes) were placed in Fallopian tubes inseminated previously with spermatozoa, recovered 2–5 h later and examined by light and electron microscopy. At least 4 aspects of GV oocyte/sperm interaction were abnormal. Although the vestments and oolemma seem normally receptive to spermatozoa, fusion with the oolemma of the primary oocyte did not elicit exocytosis of cortical granules, and consequently multiple entry of spermatozoa into the ooplasm was common. Secondly, the GV oocyte cortex failed to achieve a normal englufment of the anterior part of the sperm head. It sank into the ooplasm capped by only a small rostral vesicle or left the stable inner acrosomal membrane as a patch in the oolemma. Only rarely then was there significant dispersion of the sperm chromatin, and this remained surrounded by nuclear envelope. The persistence of this envelope constitutes a further aberrant feature, for it disappears immediately in secondary oocytes and was absent in primary oocytes in which germinal vesicle breakdown had occurred. The results are discussed with particular reference to current ideas about male pronucleus formation.

Evaluation of cortical granules and viability of canine oocytes during long-term in vitro maturation

2007 ◽  
Vol 160 (6) ◽  
pp. 196-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. De los Reyes ◽  
J. Palomino ◽  
S. Sepulveda ◽  
R. Moreno ◽  
V. Parraguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Maturation ◽  
Cortical Granules

Experiences with intracytoplasmic sperm injection

1995 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan E Lanzendorf
Keyword(s):  
Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection ◽  
Meiotic Division ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Oocyte Activation ◽  
Fertilization Failure ◽  
Cortical Granules ◽  
Specific Sequence ◽  
Mammalian Fertilization ◽  
Pass Through

Mammalian fertilization, whether it takes place within the female reproductive tract or within a laboratory dish, is comprised of many processes which must follow a specific sequence. The spermatozoon must bind to and pass through the zona pellucida, fuse with the oolemma and become incorporated into the cytoplasm of the oocyte. Fusion of the two gametes triggers oocyte activation, resulting in exocytosis of the cortical granules and completion of the second meiotic division of the oocyte. A block in one or more of these processes, due either to abnormalities in the spermatozoon or oocyte, may result in fertilization failure.

scholarly journals OOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION IN THE SEA URCHIN, ARBACIA PUNCTULATA, WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE ORIGIN OF CORTICAL GRANULES AND THEIR PARTICIPATION IN THE CORTICAL REACTION

1968 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 514-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Everett Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Golgi Complex ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Cortical Granule ◽  
Perivitelline Space ◽  
Unit Membrane ◽  
Cortical Granules ◽  
Arbacia Punctulata ◽  
Cortical Reaction ◽  
Oocyte Differentiation

This paper presents morphological evidence on the origin of cortical granules in the oocytes of Arbacia punctulata and other echinoderms. During oocyte differentiation, those Golgi complexes associated with the production of cortical granules are composed of numerous saccules with companion vesicles. Each element of the Golgi complex contains a rather dense homogeneous substance. The vesicular component of the Golgi complex is thought to be derived from the saccular member by a pinching-off process. The pinched-off vesicles are viewed as containers of the precursor(s) of the cortical granules. In time, they coalesce and form a mature cortical granule whose content is bounded by a unit membrane. Thus, it is asserted that the Golgi complex is involved in both the synthesis and concentration of precursors utilized in the construction of the cortical granule. Immediately after the egg is activated by the sperm the primary envelope becomes detached from the oolemma, thereby forming what we have called the activation calyx (see Discussion). Subsequent to the elaboration of the activation calyx, the contents of cortical granules are released (cortical reaction) into the perivitelline space. The discharge of the constituents of a cortical granule is accomplished by the union of its encompassing unit membrane, in several places, with the oolemma.

Fish Oocyte Ageing and its Effect on Egg Quality

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 302-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azin Mohagheghi Samarin ◽  
Tomas Policar ◽  
Franz Lahnsteiner
Keyword(s):  
Egg Quality ◽  
Fish Oocyte
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