Structural basis of the developmental plasticity in the human cerebral cortex: The role of the transient subplate zone

1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivica Kostović ◽  
Nikola Lukinović ◽  
Miloš Judaš ◽  
Nenad Bogdanović ◽  
Ladislav Mrzljak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Human Cerebral Cortex

scholarly journals Cytoarchitectonic similarity is a wiring principle of the human connectome

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandros Goulas ◽  
René Werner ◽  
Sarah F Beul ◽  
Dennis Säring ◽  
Martijn van den Heuvel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Human Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Wiring Diagram ◽  
Classic Work ◽  
Human Connectome Project ◽  
Fundamental Challenge ◽  
Cortical Regions

AbstractUnderstanding the wiring diagram of the human cerebral cortex is a fundamental challenge in neuroscience. Elemental aspects of its organization remain elusive. Here we examine which structural traits of cortical regions, particularly their cytoarchitecture and thickness, relate to the existence and strength of inter-regional connections. We use the architecture data from the classic work of von Economo and Koskinas and state-of-the-art diffusion-based connectivity data from the Human Connectome Project. Our results reveal a prominent role of the cytoarchitectonic similarity of supragranular layers for predicting the existence and strength of connections. In contrast, cortical thickness similarity was not related to the existence or strength of connections. These results are in line with findings for non-human mammalian cerebral cortices, suggesting overarching wiring principles of the mammalian cerebral cortex. The results invite hypotheses about evolutionary conserved neurobiological mechanisms that give rise to the relation of cytoarchitecture and connectivity in the human cerebral cortex.

scholarly journals The Essential Role of Centrosomal NDE1 in Human Cerebral Cortex Neurogenesis

2011 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 523-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Bakircioglu ◽  
Ofélia P. Carvalho ◽  
Maryam Khurshid ◽  
James J. Cox ◽  
Beyhan Tuysuz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Human Cerebral Cortex

C-fos, ERK1/2, MAP2, NOTCH1 Proteins Expression Patterns in Human Cerebral Cortex Neurons after Ischemic Stroke

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-233
Author(s):  
Svetlana P. Sergeeva ◽  
Aleksey V. Lyundup ◽  
Valery V. Beregovykh ◽  
Petr F. Litvitskiy ◽  
Aleksey A. Savin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Immunohistochemical Method ◽  
Left Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Contralateral Hemisphere ◽  
Human Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Fos Protein ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Indirect Immunoperoxidase

Background. The search for protein (these include c-fos, ERK1/2, MAP2, NOTCH1) expression that provide neuroplasticity mechanisms of the cerebral cortex after ischemic stroke (IS) patterns is an urgent task. Aims to reveal c-fos, ERK1/2, MAP2, NOTCH1 proteins expression patterns in human cerebral cortex neurons after IS. Materials and methods. We studied 9 left middle cerebral artery (LMCA) IS patients cerebral cortex samples from 3 zones: 1 the zone adjacent to the necrotic tissue focus; 2 zone remote from the previous one by 47 cm; 3 zone of the contralateral hemisphere, symmetric to the IS focus. Control samples were obtained from 3 accident died people. Identification of targeted proteins NSE, c-fos, ERK1/2, MAP2, NOTCH1 was performed by indirect immunoperoxidase immunohistochemical method. Results. Moving away from the ischemic focus, there is an increase in the density of neurons and a decrease in the damaged neurons proportion, the largest share of c-fos protein positive neurons in zone 2, NOTCH1 positive neurons in zone 1, smaller fractions of ERK1/2 and MAP2 positive neurons compared to the control only in samples of zone 1. Conclusions. With the IS development, the contralateral hemisphere is intact tissue increased activation zone, while the zones 1 and 2 have pathological activation signs. In zone 1 of the range, the adaptive response of the tissue decreases, and in zone 2 it expands. Therefore, a key target for therapeutic intervention is zone 2.

Hormones and Behavior

2019 ◽  
pp. 11-26
Author(s):  
Maren N. Vitousek ◽  
Laura A. Schoenle
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
And Behavior

Hormones mediate the expression of life history traits—phenotypic traits that contribute to lifetime fitness (i.e., reproductive timing, growth rate, number and size of offspring). The endocrine system shapes phenotype by organizing tissues during developmental periods and by activating changes in behavior, physiology, and morphology in response to varying physical and social environments. Because hormones can simultaneously regulate many traits (hormonal pleiotropy), they are important mediators of life history trade-offs among growth, reproduction, and survival. This chapter reviews the role of hormones in shaping life histories with an emphasis on developmental plasticity and reversible flexibility in endocrine and life history traits. It also discusses the advantages of studying hormone–behavior interactions from an evolutionary perspective. Recent research in evolutionary endocrinology has provided insight into the heritability of endocrine traits, how selection on hormone systems may influence the evolution of life histories, and the role of hormonal pleiotropy in driving or constraining evolution.

scholarly journals Pre-motor versus motor cerebral cortex neuromodulation for chronic neuropathic pain

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Lavrov ◽  
Timur Latypov ◽  
Elvira Mukhametova ◽  
Brian Lundstrom ◽  
Paola Sandroni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Motor Cortex Stimulation ◽  
Chronic Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Stimulation Of

AbstractElectrical stimulation of the cerebral cortex (ESCC) has been used to treat intractable neuropathic pain for nearly two decades, however, no standardized approach for this technique has been developed. In order to optimize targeting and validate the effect of ESCC before placing the permanent grid, we introduced initial assessment with trial stimulation, using a temporary grid of subdural electrodes. In this retrospective study we evaluate the role of electrode location on cerebral cortex in control of neuropathic pain and the role of trial stimulation in target-optimization for ESCC. Location of the temporary grid electrodes and location of permanent electrodes were evaluated in correlation with the long-term efficacy of ESCC. The results of this study demonstrate that the long-term effect of subdural pre-motor cortex stimulation is at least the same or higher compare to effect of subdural motor or combined pre-motor and motor cortex stimulation. These results also demonstrate that the initial trial stimulation helps to optimize permanent electrode positions in relation to the optimal functional target that is critical in cases when brain shift is expected. Proposed methodology and novel results open a new direction for development of neuromodulation techniques to control chronic neuropathic pain.

scholarly journals Structural basis of GTPase-mediated mitochondrial ribosome biogenesis and recycling

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hauke S. Hillen ◽  
Elena Lavdovskaia ◽  
Franziska Nadler ◽  
Elisa Hanitsch ◽  
Andreas Linden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Ribosome Biogenesis ◽  
Ribosomal Subunit ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Peptidyl Transferase ◽  
Mitochondrial Ribosomes ◽  
Mitochondrial Ribosome ◽  
In Vitro Reconstitution

AbstractRibosome biogenesis requires auxiliary factors to promote folding and assembly of ribosomal proteins and RNA. Particularly, maturation of the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) is mediated by conserved GTPases, but the molecular basis is poorly understood. Here, we define the mechanism of GTPase-driven maturation of the human mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit (mtLSU) using endogenous complex purification, in vitro reconstitution and cryo-EM. Structures of transient native mtLSU assembly intermediates that accumulate in GTPBP6-deficient cells reveal how the biogenesis factors GTPBP5, MTERF4 and NSUN4 facilitate PTC folding. Addition of recombinant GTPBP6 reconstitutes late mtLSU biogenesis in vitro and shows that GTPBP6 triggers a molecular switch and progression to a near-mature PTC state. Additionally, cryo-EM analysis of GTPBP6-treated mature mitochondrial ribosomes reveals the structural basis for the dual-role of GTPBP6 in ribosome biogenesis and recycling. Together, these results provide a framework for understanding step-wise PTC folding as a critical conserved quality control checkpoint.

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