scholarly journals An elicitor in caterpillar oral secretions that induces corn seedlings to emit chemical signals attractive to parasitic wasps

1993 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ted C. J. Turlings ◽  
Philip J. McCall ◽  
Hans T. Alborn ◽  
James H. Tumlinson
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Signals ◽  
Parasitic Wasps ◽  
Oral Secretions

A Mechanism for Reversibly Pausing a Self-Immolation Cascade in Response to pH Changes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derrick Roberts ◽  
Ben S. Pilgrim ◽  
Tristan Dell ◽  
Molly Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Local Environment ◽  
Chemical Signals ◽  
Ph Sensitive ◽  
First Report ◽  
Ph Changes ◽  
Self Immolation

We describe the first report of a self-immolation cascade that can be reversibly paused and reactivated in response to pH changes. This system employs a triazole-based self-immolative linker, which expresses a pH-sensitive intermediate during its elimination sequence. This allows the system to respond to pH cues within its local environment, thus establishing a new way to gate self-immolative release using fluctuating or transient chemical signals.<br>

A Novel Method for the Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) from Red Flour Beetle Tribolium castaneum (H.) using Headspace-SPME Technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 404-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ihab Alnajim ◽  
Manjree Agarwal ◽  
Tao Liu ◽  
YongLin Ren
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Chemical Signals ◽  
Red Flour Beetle ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Flour Beetle ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Spme Fibre

Background: The red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) is one of the world’s most serious stored grain insect pests. A method of early and rapid identification of red flour beetle in stored products is urgently required to improve control options. Specific chemical signals identified as Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) that are released by the beetle can serve as biomarkers. Methods: The Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction (HS-SPME) technique and the analytical conditions with GC and GCMS were optimised and validated for the determination of VOCs released from T. castaneum. Results: The 50/30 μm DVB/CAR/PDMS SPME fibre was selected for extraction of VOCs from T. castaneum. The efficiency of extraction of VOCs was significantly affected by the extraction time, temperature, insect density and type of SPME fibre. Twenty-three VOCs were extracted from insects in 4 mL flask at 35 ± 1°C for four hours of extraction and separated and identified with gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. The major VOCs or chemical signals from T. castaneum were 1-pentadecene, p-Benzoquinone, 2-methyl- and p-Benzoquinone, 2-ethyl. Conclusion: This study showed that HS-SPME GC technology is a robust and cost-effective method for extraction and identification of the unique VOCs produced by T. castaneum. Therefore, this technology could lead to a new approach in the timely detection of T. castaneum and its subsequent treatment.

scholarly journals Hierarchical modeling of mechano-chemical dynamics of epithelial sheets across cells and tissue

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshifumi Asakura ◽  
Yohei Kondo ◽  
Kazuhiro Aoki ◽  
Honda Naoki
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Cell Migration ◽  
Continuum Model ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Chemical Signals ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Mathematical Framework ◽  
Collective Cell Migration ◽  
The Continuum ◽  
Cell Cell

AbstractCollective cell migration is a fundamental process in embryonic development and tissue homeostasis. This is a macroscopic population-level phenomenon that emerges across hierarchy from microscopic cell-cell interactions; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we addressed this issue by focusing on epithelial collective cell migration, driven by the mechanical force regulated by chemical signals of traveling ERK activation waves, observed in wound healing. We propose a hierarchical mathematical framework for understanding how cells are orchestrated through mechanochemical cell-cell interaction. In this framework, we mathematically transformed a particle-based model at the cellular level into a continuum model at the tissue level. The continuum model described relationships between cell migration and mechanochemical variables, namely, ERK activity gradients, cell density, and velocity field, which could be compared with live-cell imaging data. Through numerical simulations, the continuum model recapitulated the ERK wave-induced collective cell migration in wound healing. We also numerically confirmed a consistency between these two models. Thus, our hierarchical approach offers a new theoretical platform to reveal a causality between macroscopic tissue-level and microscopic cellular-level phenomena. Furthermore, our model is also capable of deriving a theoretical insight on both of mechanical and chemical signals, in the causality of tissue and cellular dynamics.

scholarly journals Evidence that chemical signals promote fighting between intact male hooded rats

1981 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-158
Author(s):  
Barry Fass ◽  
J. Russell Mason ◽  
David A. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Signals ◽  
Intact Male
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