Collapse of species boundaries in the wild potatoSolanum brevicaule complex (Solanaceae, S. sect.Petota): Molecular data

1999 ◽  
Vol 214 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 103-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph T. Miller ◽  
David M. Spooner
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Data ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
In The Wild

scholarly journals Patterns of morphological diversification in giant Berberomeloe blister beetles (Coleoptera: Meloidae) reveal an unexpected taxonomic diversity concordant with mtDNA phylogenetic structure

2020 ◽  
Vol 189 (4) ◽  
pp. 1249-1312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Sánchez-Vialas ◽  
Mario García-París ◽  
José L Ruiz ◽  
Ernesto Recuero
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Congeneric Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Structure ◽  
Morphological Diversification

Abstract Delimiting species boundaries is a complex challenge usually hindered by overlooked morphological diversification or misinterpretation of geographically structured phenotypic variability. Independent molecular data are extremely useful to characterize and understand such morphological diversity. Morphological and molecular variability of the non-phoretic and apterous, widely distributed, giant blister beetles of the genus Berberomeloe, were investigated within and between lineages across most of the distributional range of the genus. We used two mtDNA gene fragments to characterize genetic variability and to produce a time-calibrated phylogeny of the genus. Our results reveal several mitochondrial lineages, allopatrically, parapatrically and sympatrically distributed. Most clades are not distinguishable between each other based on morphometrics. However, no morphometric overlap is observed between two closely related clades, one of them occurring in sympatry with a distantly congeneric species (B. insignis), suggesting that sympatry could trigger morphological diversification. Although most species share a morphometric space, they can be morphologically identified by a combination of easily observed characteristic qualitative features. Based on the concordance between mtDNA clades and morphological units, we describe six new species of Berberomeloe (B. castuo sp. nov., B. comunero sp. nov., B. indalo sp. nov, B. yebli sp. nov., B. payoyo sp. nov. and B. tenebrosus sp. nov.), revalidate two taxa (B. maculifrons comb. nov. and B. laevigatus comb. nov.) and redefine B. majalis.

scholarly journals Systematic relationships of five newly sequenced cervid species

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola S. Heckeberg ◽  
Dirk Erpenbeck ◽  
Gert Wörheide ◽  
Gertrud E. Rössner
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Anatomy ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Systematic Uncertainties ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome B ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
History Of ◽  
Systematic Relationships ◽  
Partial Consensus

Cervid phylogenetics has been puzzling researchers for over 150 years. In recent decades, molecular systematics has provided new input for both the support and revision of the previous results from comparative anatomy but has led to only partial consensus. Despite all of the efforts to reach taxon-wide species sampling over the last two decades, a number of cervid species still lack molecular data because they are difficult to access in the wild. By extracting ancient DNA from museum specimens, in this study, we obtained partial mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences forMazama bricenii,Mazama chunyi,Muntiacus atherodes,Pudu mephistophiles, andRusa marianna, including three holotypes. These new sequences were used to enrich the existing mitochondrial DNA alignments and yielded the most taxonomically complete data set for cervids to date. Phylogenetic analyses provide new insights into the evolutionary history of these five species. However, systematic uncertainties withinMuntiacuspersist and resolving phylogenetic relationships withinPuduandMazamaremain challenging.

scholarly journals A new record of a tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798 breeding female in the coast of Campeche, Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-155
Author(s):  
Mario Alejandro Gómez-Ponce ◽  
Nataly Bolaños-Martínez ◽  
Píndaro Díaz-Jaimes ◽  
José Luis Bortolini-Rosales ◽  
Pedro De Jesús Castellanos Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Penaeus Monodon ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
The Sea Of Japan ◽  
Reproductive Condition ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
West Pacific Ocean ◽  
Tiger Shrimp ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Development State ◽  
Advanced Development

The tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon is native to the Indo-West Pacific Ocean, covering the east coast of Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, Southeast Asia, Taiwan, China, the Sea of Japan, New Guinea and Australia. A new report was recorded on the capture in the wild of a female tiger shrimp P. monodon in conditions of reproductive maturity on the coast of Campeche in the Gulf of Mexico. The specimen was captured by a trawler operating near the coast of Campeche, in front of Carmen Island. The specimen was identified using dichotomous keys, additionally corroborated with analysis of the sequence of a fragment of 650 base pairs (bp) of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) gene cytochrome oxidase I (COI), and compared with the sequence of P. monodon reported in GenBank. The specimen was deposited in the National Collection of Crustaceans of the Institute of Biology of the UNAM. Histological analysis of the gonads revealed that the organism was in a reproductive condition as ovaries contained oocytes in an advanced development state. The molecular data (sequenced fragments F and R) were identical with the COI sequence of P. monodon deposited in GenBank, thus confirming the presence of P. monodon from the coasts of Isla del Carmen, Campeche.

scholarly journals A DNA barcode-based survey of terrestrial arthropods in the Society Islands of French Polynesia: host diversity within the SymbioCode Project

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thibault Ramage ◽  
Patricia Martins-Simoes ◽  
Gladys Mialdea ◽  
Roland Allemand ◽  
Anne Duplouy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Bacterial Symbionts ◽  
Society Islands ◽  
Terrestrial Arthropods ◽  
Natural Laboratory

We report here on the taxonomic and molecular diversity of 10 929 terrestrial arthropod specimens, collected on four islands of the Society Archipelago, French Polynesia. The survey was part of the ‘SymbioCode Project’ that aims to establish the Society Islands as a natural laboratory in which to investigate the flux of bacterial symbionts (e.g., Wolbachia) and other genetic material among branches of the arthropod tree. The sample includes an estimated 1127 species, of which 1098 included at least one DNA-barcoded specimen and 29 were identified to species level using morphological traits only. Species counts based on molecular data emphasize that some groups have been understudied in this region and deserve more focused taxonomic effort, notably Diptera, Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera. Some taxa that were also subjected to morphological scrutiny reveal a consistent match between DNA and morphology-based species boundaries in 90% of the cases, with a larger than expected genetic diversity in the remaining 10%. Many species from this sample are new to this region or are undescribed. Some are under description, but many await inspection by motivated experts, who can use the online images or request access to ethanol-stored specimens.

scholarly journals Species boundaries among extremely diverse and sexually dimorphic Arrenurus water mites (Acariformes: Hydrachnidiae: Arrenuridae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariusz Wiecek ◽  
Lukasz Broda ◽  
Heather Proctor ◽  
Miroslawa Dabert ◽  
Bruce P. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Taxonomy ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Species Variation ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Water Mites ◽  
Running Water ◽  
Reproductive Morphology ◽  
Molecular Approaches

Arrenurus (Arrenuridae) is the most species-rich genus of mites with about 950 named species that inhabit standing, and to a lesser extent, running water habitats around the world. To date, distinguishing species of Arrenurus has been based on male reproductive morphology. Here, we use morphological and molecular approaches to examine species boundaries among 42 named species of Arrenurus, including four named species that have colour variants (red and green A. americanus, and red and blue A. intermedius, A. manubriator and A. apetiolatus), and two unnamed morphospecies. In this study, we examine male genital structures with the use of SEM techniques, and apply mitochondrial (COI barcode region) and nuclear (28S rRNA) gene fragments to test whether male morphology reflects species boundaries in Arrenurus assessed by molecular analyses. Our results reveal that male reproductive morphology parallels species boundaries as judged by molecular data. We discuss the cases of genetically poorly diversified, yet morphologically clearly defined named species. Moreover, we show that based on the species we examined, colour morphs within otherwise morphologically similar specimens represent within-species variation and, in the absence of other diagnostic traits, colour itself can be misleading in distinguishing species. Our outcomes on molecular taxonomy of Arrenurus provide a background for testing hypotheses about speciation rate in water mites.

scholarly journals Molecular phylogeny uncovers an overlooked species in the macrolichen family Parmeliaceae (Ascomycota) from India

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradeep K. Divakar ◽  
Ana Crespo
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Distinct Lineage ◽  
Phylogenetic Framework ◽  
Phenotypic Features ◽  
A New Species

Several obligately sexualy reproducing lichen-forming fungal species are disjunctly distributed in pantropical regions. Here, we aim to re-examine species boundaries within the sexually reproducing, disjunctly distributed species, Hypotrachyna intercalanda. We gathered a three-locus DNA sequence data set of Hypotrachyna subgen. Parmelinopsis, especially including the samples from India, and these data were analysed in a phylogenetic framework. Our results show that specimens of H. intercalanda, as currently circumscribed, do not form a monophyletic group but fall into two well-supported independent clades. Morphological and chemical features were re-evaluated. Corroborating with the phenotypic features, the sample recovered in clade 2 occurring in southern India are described as a new species, viz. Hypotrachyna upretii Divakar and A. Crespo sp. nov. Our study adds a further example of a previously overlooked, geographically distinct, lineage that was uncovered using molecular data. Additionally, our study underlines the need of critical reexamination of phenotypic features of samples falling into different clades.

Negative effects of parasitic lung nematodes on the fitness of a Neotropical toad (Rhinella horribilis)

Parasitology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 146 (07) ◽  
pp. 928-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Crystal Kelehear ◽  
Kristin Saltonstall ◽  
Mark E. Torchin
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Data ◽  
Amphibian Declines ◽  
Locomotor Performance ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Common Toad ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Rhabdias Pseudosphaerocephala

AbstractPathogens are increasingly implicated in amphibian declines but less is known about parasites and the role they play. We focused on a genus of nematodes (Rhabdias) that is widespread in amphibians and examined their genetic diversity, abundance (prevalence and intensity), and impact in a common toad (Rhinella horribilis) in Panama. Our molecular data show that toads were infected by at least four lineages of Rhabdias, most likely Rhabdias pseudosphaerocephala, and multiple lineages were present in the same geographic locality, the same host and even the same lung. Mean prevalence of infection per site was 63% and mean intensity of infection was 31 worms. There was a significant effect of host size on infection status in the wild: larger toads were more likely to be infected than were smaller conspecifics. Our experimental infections showed that toadlets that were penetrated by many infective Rhabdias larvae grew less than those who were penetrated by few larvae. Exposure to Rhabdias reduced toadlet locomotor performance (both sustained speed and endurance) but did not influence toadlet survival. The effects of Rhabdias infection on their host appear to be primarily sublethal, however, dose-dependent reduction in growth and an overall impaired locomotor performance still represents a significant reduction in host fitness.

scholarly journals Integrating molecular, phenotypic and environmental data to elucidate patterns of crocodile hybridization in Belize

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (9) ◽  
pp. 150409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evon R. Hekkala ◽  
Steven G. Platt ◽  
John B. Thorbjarnarson ◽  
Thomas R. Rainwater ◽  
Michael Tessler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Crocodylus Acutus ◽  
Breeding Habitats ◽  
American Crocodile ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Morelet's Crocodile

The genus Crocodylus comprises 12 currently recognized species, many of which can be difficult to differentiate phenotypically. Interspecific hybridization among crocodiles is known to occur in captivity and has been documented between some species in the wild. The identification of hybrid individuals is of importance for management and monitoring of crocodilians, many of which are Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) listed. In this study, both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA markers were evaluated for their use in confirming a suspected hybrid zone between American crocodile ( Crocodylus acutus ) and Morelet’s crocodile ( Crocodylus moreletii ) populations in southern Belize where individuals and nests exhibiting atypical phenotypic features had previously been observed. Patterns observed in both phenotypic and molecular data indicate possible behavioural and ecological characteristics associated with hybridization events. The results of the combined analyses found that the majority of suspected hybrid samples represent crosses between female C. acutus and male C. moreletii . Phenotypic data could statistically identify hybrids, although morphological overlap between hybrids and C. moreletii reduced reliability of identification based solely on field characters. Ecologically, C. acutus was exclusively found in saline waters, whereas hybrids and C. moreletii were largely absent in these conditions. A hypothesized correlation between unidirectional hybridization and destruction of C. acutus breeding habitats warrants additional research.

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