Pollen morphology and functional dioecy inSolanum (Solanaceae)

1998 ◽  
Vol 210 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 113-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Knapp ◽  
Viveca Persson ◽  
Stephen Blackmore
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Functional Dioecy

Evolution of Angiosperm Pollen: 8. Lamiids

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-376
Author(s):  
Li-E Yang ◽  
Lu Lu ◽  
Kevin S. Burgess ◽  
Hong Wang ◽  
De-Zhu Li
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Pollen Size ◽  
State Transitions ◽  
Character State ◽  
Evolutionary Mechanisms ◽  
Pollen Characters ◽  
Exine Ornamentation ◽  
Shape Class ◽  
Pollen Character

Lamiids, a clade composed of approximately 15% of all flowering plants, contains more than 50,000 species dispersed across 49 families and eight orders (APG IV, 2016). This paper is the eighth in a series that analyzes pollen characters across angiosperms. We reconstructed a maximum likelihood tree based on the most recent phylogenetic studies for the Lamiids, comprising 150 terminal genera (including six outgroups) and covering all eight orders and 49 families within the clade. To illustrate pollen diversity across the Lamiids, pollen grains from 22 species (22 genera in 14 families) were imaged under light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. Eighteen pollen characters that were documented from previous publications, websites, and our new observations were coded and optimized onto the reconstructed phylogenetic tree using Fitch parsimony, maximum likelihood, and hierarchical Bayesian analysis. Pollen morphology of the Lamiids is highly diverse, particularly in shape class, pollen size, aperture number, endoaperture shape, supratectal element shape, and tectum sculpture. In addition, some genera show relatively high infrageneric pollen variation within the Lamiids: i.e., Coffea L., Jacquemontia Choisy, Justicia L., Pedicularis L., Psychotria L. nom. cons., Sesamum L., Stachytarpheta Vahl, and Veronica L. The plesiomorphic states for 16 pollen characters were inferred unambiguously, and 10 of them displayed consistent plesiomorphic states under all optimization methods. Seventy-one lineages at or above the family level are characterized by pollen character state transitions. We identified diagnostic character states for monophyletic clades and explored palynological evidence to shed light on unresolved relationships. For example, palynological evidence supports the monophyly of Garryales and Metteniusaceae, and sister relationships between Icacinaceae and Oncothecaceae, as well as between Vahliales and Solanales. The evolutionary patterns of pollen morphology found in this study reconfirm several previously postulated evolutionary trends, which include an increase in aperture number, a transition from equatorially arranged apertures to globally distributed ones, and an increase in exine ornamentation complexity. Furthermore, there is a significant correlation between pollen characters and a number of ecological factors, e.g., pollen size and pollination type, pollen ornamentation and pollination type, and shape class and plant growth form. Our results provide insight into the ecological, environmental, and evolutionary mechanisms driving pollen character state changes in the Lamiids.

New Findings on Scrophularia sect. Mimulopsis (Scrophulariaceae) from Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 238-247
Author(s):  
Massoud Ranjbar ◽  
Narges Rahchamani
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Tehran Province ◽  
Micromorphological Characters ◽  
A New Species

Scrophularia dianatnejadii Ranjbar & Rahchamani, a new species from Tehran Province in northern Iran, is described and illustrated. It is closely related to S. amplexicaulis Benth. and shares with it some diagnostic morphological characters such as habit, plant indument, phyllotaxy, and corolla shape and color. Both species are placed in Scrophularia L. sect. Mimulopsis Boiss. Macro- and micromorphological characters of the two are examined and compared. Pollen morphology of these species is investigated using SEM. Detailed descriptions, illustrations, distribution maps, and conservation status of both species are provided.

Pollen morphology of selected tundra plants from the high Arctic of Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifeng YAO ◽  
Qi ZHAO ◽  
Subir BERA ◽  
Xiaoli LI ◽  
Chengsen LI
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
High Arctic

Pollen characterization of ornamental species of Mammillaria Haw. (Cactaceae/Cactoideae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise M. D. S. Mouga ◽  
Gabriel R. Schroeder ◽  
Nilton P. Vieira Junior ◽  
Enderlei Dec
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Radial Symmetry ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Ornamental Species

The pollen morphology of thirteen species of Cactaceae was studied: M. backebergiana F.G. Buchenau, M. decipiens Scheidw, M. elongata DC, M. gracilis Pfeiff., M. hahniana Werderm., M. marksiana Krainz, M. matudae Bravo, M. nejapensis R.T. Craig & E.Y. Dawson, M. nivosa Link ex Pfeiff., M. plumosa F.A.C. Weber, M. prolifera (Mill.) Haw, M. spinosissima var. “A Peak” Lem. and M. voburnensis Scheer. All analysed pollen grains are monads, with radial symmetry, medium size (M. gracilis, M. marksiana, M. prolifera, large), tricolpates (dimorphs in M. plumosa [3-6 colpus] and M. prolifera [3-6 colpus]), with circular-subcircular amb (quadrangular in M. prolifera and M. plumosa with six colpus). The pollen grains presented differences in relation to the shape and exine thickness. The exine was microechinate and microperforated. The pollen morphological data are unpublished and will aid in studies that use pollen samples. These pollen grains indicate ornamental cacti.

Pollen morphology of Persicaria section Cephalophilon (Polygonaceae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 307 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-Jung Kong ◽  
Jun-Ho Song ◽  
Suk-Pyo Hong
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Morphology

Scanning electron microscopy observations of pollen morphology in common vetch (Vicia sativa) subspecies

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Rui Dong ◽  
Zhongjie Lu ◽  
Zhengyu Yang ◽  
Yanrong Wang ◽  
Chao Chen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Polar View ◽  
Polar Axis ◽  
Vicia Sativa ◽  
Common Vetch ◽  
Plant Phylogeny ◽  
Axis Length ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Common vetch (Vicia sativa) is an important forage and green manure crop that is widely cultivated around the world. However, the large number of subspecies and accessions of common vetch has made taxonomic research on this species difficult. Pollen morphology data can provide important evidence in the study of plant phylogeny. Therefore, in this research, light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to observe seven morphological traits of pollens from 22 common vetch accessions, and residual maximum likelihood and pattern analysis was conducted. The results showed that the pollen grains of the 22 accessions were all monad pollen and the polar view revealed three-lobed circular and triangular shapes, while the equatorial view mainly revealed an oblate shape; only one accession showed an oblate spherical shape. All accessions were 3-zonocolporate and the colpus length extended close to the poles. The polar axis length was (19.39 ± 0.97)–(42.12 ± 0.76) μm and the equatorial axis length was (35.97 ± 1.27)–(45.25 ± 0.81) μm. We found that qualitative traits of pollen shape, aperture polar view and ornamentation were highly stable. Among them, polar axis length, equatorial axis length and colpus length and width had significant differences among the accessions. The ratios of the equatorial and polar axes had significant differences among the subspecies. This trait information could be used for the classification and identification of common vetch accessions and subspecies.

scholarly journals Sharing the Agrarian Knowledge with Archaeology: First Evidence of the Dimorphism of Vitis Pollen from the Middle Bronze Age of N Italy (Terramara Santa Rosa di Poviglio)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2287
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Mercuri ◽  
Paola Torri ◽  
Assunta Florenzano ◽  
Eleonora Clò ◽  
Marta Mariotti Lippi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Pollen Dispersal ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Central Mediterranean ◽  
Pollen Dimorphism ◽  
History Of ◽  
Inaperturate Pollen ◽  
Female Flowers

The recovery of inaperturate pollen from functionally female flowers in archaeological layers opens the question of a possible pollen-based discrimination between wild and domesticated Vitis vinifera in prehistoric times. Pollen analysis applied to archaeology has not routinely considered the existence of pollen dimorphism in Vitis, a well-known trait in the field of agrarian studies. Therefore, the inaperturate shape of grapevine pollen is ignored by studies on the archaeobotanical history of viticulture. In this paper we investigate pollen morphology of the domesticated and wild subspecies of V. vinifera, and report the first evidence of inaperturate Vitis pollen from an archaeological site. We studied exemplar cases of plants with hermaphroditic flowers, belonging to the subspecies vinifera with fully developed male and female organs, cases of dioecious plants with male or female flowers, belonging to the wild subspecies sylvestris and cases of V. vinifera subsp. vinifera with morphologically hermaphroditic but functionally female flowers. The pollen produced by hermaphroditic and male flowers is usually trizonocolporate; the pollen produced by female flowers is inaperturate. This paper reports on the inaperturate pollen of Vitis found in an archeological site of the Po Plain, Northern Italy. The site dated to the Bronze Age, which is known to have been a critical age for the use of this plant with a transition from wild to domesticated Vitis in central Mediterranean. Can the inaperturate Vitis pollen be a marker of wild Vitis vinifera in prehistoric times? Palynology suggests a possible new investigation strategy on the ancient history of the wild and cultivated grapevine. The pollen dimorphism also implies a different production and dispersal of pollen of the wild and the domesticated subspecies. Grapevine plants are palynologically different from the other Mediterranean “cultural trees”. In fact, Olea, Juglans and Castanea, which are included in the OJC index, have the same pollen morphology and the same pollen dispersal, in wild and domesticated plants. In contrast, the signal of Vitis pollen in past records may be different depending on the hermaphroditic or dioecious subspecies.

Pollen morphology ofMiliusaand relatives (Annonaceae)

Grana ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanawat Chaowasku ◽  
Johan Mols ◽  
Raymond W. J. M. van der Ham
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Morphology

Pollen morphology of Phyllosma and Sheilanthera (Diosminae: Rutaceae) and its taxonomic implications

Grana ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 39 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 103-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janine E. Victor ◽  
Abraham E. Van Wyk
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Taxonomic Implications
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