Design principles of frequency multipliers for digital frequency-measuring instruments

1967 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-75
Author(s):  
A. M. Margolin
Keyword(s):  
Design Principles ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Frequency Multipliers ◽  
Digital Frequency

Digital Frequency Multipliers Using Multisection Two-Strip Coupled Line

1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Sakagami ◽  
N. Miki ◽  
N. Nagai ◽  
K. Hatori
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Multipliers ◽  
Coupled Line ◽  
Digital Frequency

Concept of a new PZT

1978 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 271-278
Author(s):  
Chr. Kühne
Keyword(s):  
Mirror System ◽  
Measuring Instruments

The PZT according to MARKOWITZ, undoubtedly one of the most accurate measuring instruments, has become an integral part of astronomy in the last years. Yet there are two reasons why I still tried to improve the MARKOWITZ basic idea.For the MARKOWITZ process the use of a lens objective is imperative. Because of the diameter limitations of the lens objectives the magnitude is reduced. Although a 65 cm PZT has been put into operation in Washington recently, the thermal difficulties encountered made it necessary to control the temperature actively. In addition, the 65 cm diameter of a lens equipped with 4 elements can be considered as the very limit, but not for a mirror system.In addition there are still more disadvantages using lens objectives. The useable field is restricted by astigmatism, reducing the range of declination. The transmission, especially in the blue wavelengths, decreases very rapidly with the thickness of lenses. For large multilens objectives the transmission is less than for a mirror system.

A peek in the micro-sized world: a review of design principles, engineering tools, and applications of engineered microbial community

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-409
Author(s):  
Baizhen Gao ◽  
Rushant Sabnis ◽  
Tommaso Costantini ◽  
Robert Jinkerson ◽  
Qing Sun
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
New Gene ◽  
Global Biogeochemical Cycles ◽  
Synthetic Microbial Communities

Microbial communities drive diverse processes that impact nearly everything on this planet, from global biogeochemical cycles to human health. Harnessing the power of these microorganisms could provide solutions to many of the challenges that face society. However, naturally occurring microbial communities are not optimized for anthropogenic use. An emerging area of research is focusing on engineering synthetic microbial communities to carry out predefined functions. Microbial community engineers are applying design principles like top-down and bottom-up approaches to create synthetic microbial communities having a myriad of real-life applications in health care, disease prevention, and environmental remediation. Multiple genetic engineering tools and delivery approaches can be used to ‘knock-in' new gene functions into microbial communities. A systematic study of the microbial interactions, community assembling principles, and engineering tools are necessary for us to understand the microbial community and to better utilize them. Continued analysis and effort are required to further the current and potential applications of synthetic microbial communities.

Dynamic transfer properties of frequency multipliers

1986 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
A. Jacob ◽  
E. Burkert ◽  
H. Brauns ◽  
K. Schünemann
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Multipliers ◽  
Transfer Properties
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