Solvent effect on reaction rates: Reaction between sodium ethoxide and methyl iodide in ethanol + cyclohexane solvent systems

1996 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Papanastasiou ◽  
A. Papoutsis ◽  
M. Tsirtou ◽  
I. Ziogas
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Effect ◽  
Methyl Iodide ◽  
Sodium Ethoxide ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Solvent Systems

Kinetic Solvent Effects in Organic Reactions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belinda Slakman ◽  
Richard West
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Effect ◽  
Reaction Kinetics ◽  
Computational Methods ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Kinetic Modeling ◽  
Solvent Effects ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Prior Work ◽  
Solvent Phase ◽  
High Throughput Manner

<div> <div> <div> <p>This article reviews prior work studying reaction kinetics in solution, with the goal of using this information to improve detailed kinetic modeling in the solvent phase. Both experimental and computational methods for calculating reaction rates in liquids are reviewed. Previous studies, which used such methods to determine solvent effects, are then analyzed based on reaction family. Many of these studies correlate kinetic solvent effect with one or more solvent parameters or properties of reacting species, but it is not always possible, and investigations are usually done on too few reactions and solvents to truly generalize. From these studies, we present suggestions on how best to use data to generalize solvent effects for many different reaction types in a high throughput manner. </p> </div> </div> </div>

Kinetics of Ion-Pair Effect of Aquation of Bromopentaammine Cobalt(III) Complex in Different Dicarboxylate Media

2011 ◽  
Vol 324 ◽  
pp. 166-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farah Zeitouni ◽  
Gehan El-Subruiti ◽  
Ghassan Younes ◽  
Mohammad Amira
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Solvent Effect ◽  
Compensation Effect ◽  
Ion Pairing ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Ion Pair ◽  
Free Energy Of Activation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Kinetics Of

The rate of aquation of bromopentaammine cobalt(III) ion in the presence of different types of dicarboxylate solutions containing tert-butanol (40% V/V) have been measured spectrophotometrically at different temperatures (30-600°C) in the light of the effects of ion-pairing on reaction rates and mechanism. The thermodynamic and extrathermodynamic parameters of activation have been calculated and discussed in terms of solvent effect on the ion-pair aquation reaction. The free energy of activation ∆Gip* is more or less linearly varied among the studied dicarboxylate ion-pairing ligands indicating the presence of compensation effect between ∆Hip* and ∆Sip*. Comparing the kip values with respect of different buffers at 40% of ter-butanol is introduced.

scholarly journals Solvent effect and fluorescence response of the 7-tert-butylpyrene-dipicolylamine linkage for the selective and sensitive response toward Zn(ii) and Cd(ii) ions

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 4055-4062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zannatul Kowser ◽  
Hirotsugu Tomiyasu ◽  
Xuekai Jiang ◽  
Ummey Rayhan ◽  
Carl Redshaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Effect ◽  
Fluorescent Sensors ◽  
Fluorescence Response ◽  
Solvent Systems

The complexation behaviour of new fluorescent sensors based on 7-tert-butylpyrene towards Zn2+and Cd2+in different solvent systems has been investigated.

A Quantitative Investigation of the Ozonolysis Reaction. XVIII. A Kinetic Study of the Ozone Attack on Phenylethylenes

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (20) ◽  
pp. 3398-3402 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Henry ◽  
M. Zador ◽  
S. Fliszár
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Solvent Effect ◽  
Kinetic Study ◽  
Temperature Effect ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Quantitative Investigation ◽  
Polar Solvents ◽  
Absolute Reaction

Absolute reaction rates for the ozonolysis of phenylethylenes in the liquid phase indicate: (i) a Hammett dependence, with [Formula: see text], for the ring-substituted trans stilbenes, (ii) a solvent effect, whereby the ozone attack is promoted by polar solvents, and (iii) no temperature effect between 15 and 35 °C, thus indicating [Formula: see text].

Solute–solvent effects in the dissociation of thymolsulfonephthalein (an uncharged acid) in aqueous mixtures of acetonitrile (ACN), urea, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 1521-1526 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. De ◽  
A. K. Atta
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Effect ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽  
Solvent Effects ◽  
Mixed Solvent ◽  
Dissociation Constants ◽  
Aqueous Mixtures ◽  
Solvent Interactions ◽  
Gibbs Energies ◽  
Gibbs Energies Of Transfer ◽  
Solvent Systems

The thermodynamic first dissociation constants, [Formula: see text] of thymolsulfonephthalein (H2A), an uncharged acid, have been determined at 25 °C in aqueous mixtures of 10, 30, 50, 70, and 80 wt% acetonitrile (ACN), 11.52, 20.31, 29.64, and 36.83 wt% urea, 20, 40, 60, and 80 wt% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) by spectrophotometric measurements. The solvent effect represented by ∂(ΔG0) = 2.303RT[p(sK)N − p(wK)N] is found to increase in ACN + H2O system as mol% ACN increases in the solvent. In contrast, the corresponding values in urea + H2O as well as DMSO + H2O solvent systems decrease with increase in proportion of organic component in the solvent, the decrease being sharp in urea + H2O. The results have been discussed in terms of the standard Gibbs energies of transfer of H+ from water to the mixed solvent, [Formula: see text] and the relative values of the standard Gibbs energies of transfer of HA−, [Formula: see text] and of [Formula: see text] in all the solvent systems. The overall dissociation behaviour of the acid (H2A) is found to be dictated by the specific solute-solvent interactions of the species participating in the dissociation equilibria.

Solvent effect on nonradiative process of pyronin B in protic and aprotic solvent systems

2002 ◽  
Vol 97 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilal Acemioğlu ◽  
Mustafa Arık ◽  
Yavuz Onganer
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Effect ◽  
Aprotic Solvent ◽  
Solvent Systems ◽  
Nonradiative Process
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