Brain asymmetry in phospholipid polar head group metabolism: Parallel in vivo and in vitro studies

1990 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Pediconi ◽  
F. J. Barrantes
Keyword(s):  
Brain Asymmetry ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Head Group ◽  
Polar Head Group ◽  
Polar Head

scholarly journals Biosynthesis of Ether-Type Polar Lipids in Archaea and Evolutionary Considerations

2007 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yosuke Koga ◽  
Hiroyuki Morii
Keyword(s):  
Mevalonate Pathway ◽  
Polar Lipids ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Head Group ◽  
Polar Head Group ◽  
Phospholipid Synthesis ◽  
Polar Head ◽  
Head Groups

SUMMARY This review deals with the in vitro biosynthesis of the characteristics of polar lipids in archaea along with preceding in vivo studies. Isoprenoid chains are synthesized through the classical mevalonate pathway, as in eucarya, with minor modifications in some archaeal species. Most enzymes involved in the pathway have been identified enzymatically and/or genomically. Three of the relevant enzymes are found in enzyme families different from the known enzymes. The order of reactions in the phospholipid synthesis pathway (glycerophosphate backbone formation, linking of glycerophosphate with two radyl chains, activation by CDP, and attachment of common polar head groups) is analogous to that of bacteria. sn-Glycerol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase is responsible for the formation of the sn-glycerol-1-phosphate backbone of phospholipids in all archaea. After the formation of two ether bonds, CDP-archaeol acts as a common precursor of various archaeal phospholipid syntheses. Various phospholipid-synthesizing enzymes from archaea and bacteria belong to the same large CDP-alcohol phosphatidyltransferase family. In short, the first halves of the phospholipid synthesis pathways play a role in synthesis of the characteristic structures of archaeal and bacterial phospholipids, respectively. In the second halves of the pathways, the polar head group-attaching reactions and enzymes are homologous in both domains. These are regarded as revealing the hybrid nature of phospholipid biosynthesis. Precells proposed by Wächtershäuser are differentiated into archaea and bacteria by spontaneous segregation of enantiomeric phospholipid membranes (with sn-glycerol-1-phosphate and sn-glycerol-3-phosphate backbones) and the fusion and fission of precells. Considering the nature of the phospholipid synthesis pathways, we here propose that common phospholipid polar head groups were present in precells before the differentiation into archaea and bacteria.

Temperature-induced alterations in phospholipids of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici

1976 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie R. Barran ◽  
Richard W. Miller ◽  
Ian de la Roche
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Growth Temperature ◽  
Group Composition ◽  
Head Group ◽  
Polar Head Group ◽  
Membrane Phospholipids ◽  
Polar Head ◽  
Degree Of Unsaturation ◽  
Total Membrane

Ten phospholipids were identified in hyphal membrane preparations of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici when the cells were grown to the late log phase at 15, 25, and 37 °C, respectively. The major phospholipids present were phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), which together made up about 70% of the total membrane phospholipids. The degree of unsaturation in the acyl group of the phospholipids was inversely related to growth temperature. The polar head group composition was also affected by growth temperature. Cells grown at 15 and 25 °C contained the same relative proportions of PC and PE, but when the growth temperature was raised to 37 °C, the ratio of PC to PE was doubled. A methylating system capable of converting PE to PC was demonstrated in vitro.

scholarly journals Profile of Phosphatidylserine Modifications under Nitroxidative Stress Conditions Using a Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Based Approach

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna Neves ◽  
Pedro Domingues ◽  
Maria Oliveira ◽  
Maria Domingues ◽  
Tânia Melo
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Acyl Chain ◽  
Fatty Acyl ◽  
Head Group ◽  
Fatty Acyl Chain ◽  
Polar Head Group ◽  
Derivatives Of

Nitrated lipids have been detected in vitro and in vivo, usually associated with a protective effect. While nitrated fatty acids have been widely studied, few studies reported the nitration and nitroxidation of the phospholipid classes phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylethanolamine. However, no information regarding nitrated and nitroxidized phosphatidylserine can be found in the literature. This work aims to identify and characterize the nitrated and nitroxidized derivatives of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-3-glycero-phosphoserine (POPS), obtained after incubation with nitronium tetrafluoroborate, by liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) and tandem MS (MS/MS). Several nitrated and nitroxidized products were identified, namely, nitro, nitroso, nitronitroso, and dinitro derivatives, as well as some nitroxidized species such as nitrosohydroxy, nitrohydroxy, and nitrohydroperoxy. The fragmentation pathways identified were structure-dependent and included the loss of HNO and HNO2 for nitroso and nitro derivatives, respectively. Combined losses of PS polar head group plus HNO or HNO2 and carboxylate anions of modified fatty acyl chain were also observed. The nitrated POPS also showed antiradical potential, demonstrated by the ability to scavenge the ABTS●+ and DPPH● radicals. Overall, this in vitro model of nitration based on LC-MS/MS provided additional insights into the nitrated and nitroxidized derivatives of PS and their fragmentation fingerprinting. This information is a valuable tool for targeted analysis of these modified PS in complex biological samples, to further explore the new clues on the antioxidant potential of nitrated POPS.

The Venom of the Boomslang (Dispholidus Typus): In Vivo and in Vitro Studies

1969 ◽  
Vol 21 (02) ◽  
pp. 234-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Mackay ◽  
J.C Ferguson ◽  
Antonia Bagshawe ◽  
A.T.T Forrester ◽  
G.P Mcnicol
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Studies

SummaryAn account is given of the effects of boomslang venom in man. Evidence was found of a fibrinolytic state apparently secondary to the coagulant action of the venom. These features rapidly responded to the administration of specific antivenom. In vitro studies, using a homogenate of boomslang parotids, confirmed the coagulant properties of the venom and showed them to be of much greater potency than the proteolytic actions.

Effect of X-irradiation on gene expression of rat liver chemokines: in vivo and in vitro studies

2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
F Moriconi ◽  
H Christiansen ◽  
H Christiansen ◽  
N Sheikh ◽  
J Dudas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
X Irradiation

Ciamexon in low-dose streptozotocin induced diabetes mellitus. In vivo and in vitro studies

1986 ◽  
Vol 113 (1_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S120-S121
Author(s):  
TH. LINN ◽  
H. GERMANN ◽  
B. HERING ◽  
R. BRETZEL ◽  
K. FEDERLIN
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes

Delayed hypersensitivity to tetanus toxoid in man: in vivo and in vitro studies

Pathology ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Johnson ◽  
R.S. Walls ◽  
A. Ruwoldt
Keyword(s):  
Tetanus Toxoid ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Delayed Hypersensitivity

Transplantation of Adipose-derived Cells for Periodontal Regeneration: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 504-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilcele Silva Moreira Dziedzic ◽  
Bassam Felipe Mogharbel ◽  
Priscila Elias Ferreira ◽  
Ana Carolina Irioda ◽  
Katherine Athayde Teixeira de Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Periodontal Regeneration ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Cell Sources ◽  
Study Designs

This systematic review evaluated the transplantation of cells derived from adipose tissue for applications in dentistry. SCOPUS, PUBMED and LILACS databases were searched for in vitro studies and pre-clinical animal model studies using the keywords “ADIPOSE”, “CELLS”, and “PERIODONTAL”, with the Boolean operator “AND”. A total of 160 titles and abstracts were identified, and 29 publications met the inclusion criteria, 14 in vitro and 15 in vivo studies. In vitro studies demonstrated that adipose- derived cells stimulate neovascularization, have osteogenic and odontogenic potential; besides adhesion, proliferation and differentiation on probable cell carriers. Preclinical studies described improvement of bone and periodontal healing with the association of adipose-derived cells and the carrier materials tested: Platelet Rich Plasma, Fibrin, Collagen and Synthetic polymer. There is evidence from the current in vitro and in vivo data indicating that adipose-derived cells may contribute to bone and periodontal regeneration. The small quantity of studies and the large variation on study designs, from animal models, cell sources and defect morphology, did not favor a meta-analysis. Additional studies need to be conducted to investigate the regeneration variability and the mechanisms of cell participation in the processes. An overview of animal models, cell sources, and scaffolds, as well as new perspectives are provided for future bone and periodontal regeneration study designs.

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