Sodium dependency of GABA uptake into glial cells in bullfrog sympathetic ganglia

1990 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 843-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeko Sakai ◽  
Junko Tasaka ◽  
Tsuneo Tosaka
Keyword(s):  
Glial Cells ◽  
Sympathetic Ganglia ◽  
Gaba Uptake ◽  
Sodium Dependency

Electrophysiological effects of GABA on cat pancreatic neurons

2001 ◽  
Vol 280 (3) ◽  
pp. G324-G331 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Sha ◽  
S. M. Miller ◽  
J. H. Szurszewski
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Channel Blocker ◽  
Islet Cells ◽  
Sympathetic Ganglia ◽  
Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Protein Gene Product ◽  
Endogenous Gaba ◽  
Ganglion Neurons ◽  
Electrophysiological Effects

In mammalian peripheral sympathetic ganglia GABA acts presynaptically to facilitate cholinergic transmission and postsynaptically to depolarize membrane potential. The GABA effect on parasympathetic pancreatic ganglia is unknown. We aimed to determine the effect of locally applied GABA on cat pancreatic ganglion neurons. Ganglia with attached nerve trunks were isolated from cat pancreata. Conventional intracellular recording techniques were used to record electrical responses from ganglion neurons. GABA pressure microejection depolarized membrane potential with an amplitude of 17.4 ± 0.7 mV. Electrically evoked fast excitatory postsynaptic potentials were significantly inhibited (5.4 ± 0.3 to 2.9 ± 0.2 mV) after GABA application. GABA-evoked depolarizations were mimicked by the GABAA receptor agonist muscimol and abolished by the GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline and the Cl− channel blocker picrotoxin. GABA was taken up and stored in ganglia during preincubation with 1 mM GABA; β-aminobutyric acid application after GABA loading significantly ( P < 0.05) increased depolarizing response to GABA (15.6 ± 1.0 vs. 7.8 ± 0.8 mV without GABA preincubation). Immunolabeling with antibodies to GABA, glial cell fibrillary acidic protein, protein gene product 9.5, and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) immunoreactivity showed that GABA was present in glial cells, but not in neurons, and that glial cells did not contain GAD, whereas islet cells did. The data suggest that endogenous GABA released from ganglionic glial cells acts on pancreatic ganglion neurons through GABAA receptors.

scholarly journals Cellular mechanisms of potassium homeostasis in the mammalian nervous system

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 1038-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Grafe ◽  
K. Ballanyi
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Sympathetic Ganglia ◽  
Olfactory Cortex ◽  
Lateral Olfactory Tract ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Potassium Homeostasis ◽  
Ion Sensitive Microelectrodes ◽  
Sympathetic Neurones ◽  
Intracellular Activities

Double-barrelled ion-sensitive microelectrodes were used to measure changes in the intracellular activities of K+, Na+, and Cl− (aKi, aNai, aCli) in neurones of rat sympathetic ganglia and in glial cells of slices from guinea-pig olfactory cortex. In sympathetic neurones, carbachol and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) produced a reversible decrease of aKi. The decrease of aKi during carbachol was accompanied by a rise of aNai, whereas in the presence of GABA decreases of aKi and aCli were seen. The reuptake of K+ released during the action of carbachol was completely blocked by ouabain, whereas furosemide inhibited the aKi recovery after the action of GABA. In glial cells, in contrast to the observations in the sympathetic neurones, aKi and aCli increased, whereas aNai decreased when neuronal activity was enhanced by repetitive stimulation of the lateral olfactory tract. It was found that barium ions and ouabain strongly reduced the activity-related rise of intraglial aKi in slices of guinea-pig olfactory cortex. These data show that mammalian neurones as well as glial cells possess several K+ uptake mechanisms that contribute to potassium homeostasis. Ouabain, furosemide, and Ba2+ are useful pharmacological tools to separate these mechanisms.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of energy production in glial cells of sympathetic ganglia

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Petr L. Gorelikov
Keyword(s):  
Glial Cells ◽  
Sympathetic Ganglion ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Sympathetic Ganglia ◽  
Normal Functioning ◽  
Cholinergic Synapses ◽  
Cervical Sympathetic ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Complete Inversion ◽  
Anaerobic System

Aim. To determine the energy profile of satellite gliocytes in the cranial cervical sympathe-tic ganglia (CCSG) in normal functioning of nicotinic cholinergic synapses (nChS) and in their pharmaceutical deprivation. Materials and Methods. Deprivation of CCSG in rabbits was implemented by using cholinolytic dimecolinum. The activity of H- and M-isoforms of lactate de-hydrogenase (LDH) was determined in gliocytes offrozen sections by integral cytophotomentry using Brumberg and Pevzner method. Results. In satellite gliocytes a considerably higher activity of M-isoforms of LDH in comparison with that of H-isoforms was found which evidences predomination of anaerobic mechanisms of energy metabolism over aerobic ones in the studied cells. The relationship between the levels of activity of (Н/М) isoforms of LDH in gliocytes with experimental deprivation of nChR exhibited a complete inversion as compared to glial cells of CCSG with normal functioning of synapses. Conclusion. Satellite gliocytes of cranial cervical sympathetic ganglion, like any other somatic cells, possess initially programmed aerobic system of energy production which transforms into anaerobic system under influence of impulses arriving through nicotine-sensitive cholinergic synapses.

scholarly journals Cell Surfaces and Fibre Relationships in Sympathetic Ganglion Cultures: A Scanning Electron-Microscopic Study

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 657-669
Author(s):  
CARYL E. HILL ◽  
JULIE H. CHAMLEY ◽  
G. BURNSTOCK
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Sympathetic Ganglia ◽  
Nerve Fibres ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tissue Cells ◽  
Scanning Electron

Sympathetic ganglia from newborn rats and guinea-pigs were grown in modified Rose chambers and examined with scanning electron microscopy after 5-7 days. The cell types seen were macrophages, neurons, glial cells and connective tissue cells. They presented a wide range of surface morphologies and 3-dimensional configurations, from spheroid with an irregular surface to flattened with a smooth surface. The arrangement of the nerve fibres and cells in the outgrowth was essentially 2-layered with connective tissue cells nearest the substrate and nerve fibres, glial cells and macrophages lying over them. The relationships of sympathetic nerve fibres to the different cell types were also investigated. In all cases nerve fibres closely followed the cellular surface contours although the nature of the relationships varied. Fine finger-like cytoplasmic projections were sometimes seen from connective tissue cells and macrophages. The possible role of these structures in adhesion and motility is discussed.

Analysis of glia cell differentiation in the developing chick peripheral nervous system: sensory and sympathetic satellite cells express different cell surface antigens

Development ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 519-526
Author(s):  
C. Rudel ◽  
H. Rohrer
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Satellite Cells ◽  
Neuronal Cells ◽  
Surface Antigens ◽  
Sympathetic Ganglia ◽  
Precursor Cells ◽  
Gli 1

To identify and analyse precursor cells of neuronal and glial cell lineages during the early development of the chick peripheral nervous system, monoclonal antibodies were raised against a population of undifferentiated cells of E6 dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Non-neuronal cells of E6 DRG express surface antigens that are recognized by four monoclonal antibodies, G1, G2, GLI 1 and GLI 2. The proportion of non-neuronal cells in DRG that express the GLI 1 antigen is very high during ganglion formation (80% at E4) and decreases during later development (15% at E14). GLI 2 antigen is expressed only on a minority of the cells at E6 and increases with development. The G1 and G2 antigens are expressed on about 60–80% of the cells between E6 and E14. All cells that express the established glia marker O4 are also positive for the new antigens. In addition, it was demonstrated that GLI 1-positive cells from early DRG, which are devoid of O4 antigen, could be induced in vitro to express the O4 antigen. Thus, the antigen-positive cells are considered as glial cells or glial precursor cells. Surprisingly, the antigen expression by satellite cells of peripheral ganglia is dependent on the type of ganglion: antigens G1, G2 and GLI 1 were not detectable on glial cells of lumbosacral sympathetic ganglia and GLI 2 was expressed only by a small subpopulation. These results demonstrate an early immunological difference between satellite cells of sensory DRG and sympathetic ganglia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Inhibition of high-affinity gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake in primary astrocyte cultures by phorbol esters and phospholipase C

1991 ◽  
Vol 275 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Gomeza ◽  
M Casado ◽  
C Gimenez ◽  
C Aragon
Keyword(s):  
Phospholipase C ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Gaba Uptake ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Gaba Transport ◽  
High Affinity

The effects of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), a potent activator of protein kinase C (PKC), on high-affinity Na(+)-dependent gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) uptake were investigated in primary cultures of neurons and glial cells from rat brain cortex. Incubation of glial cells with PMA led to concentration- and time-dependent decreases in the GABA transport in glial cells. This effect could be completely suppressed by addition of the PKC inhibitor H7. The PMA effects could be mimicked by oleoylacetylglycerol, the diacylglycerol kinase inhibitor R59022 and exogenous phospholipase C. Treatment with PMA did not affect GABA transport in neuronal cells.

scholarly journals Satellite glial cells modulate cholinergic transmission between sympathetic neurons

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana Enes ◽  
Surbhi Sona ◽  
Nega Gerard ◽  
Alexander C. Mitchell ◽  
Marian Haburcak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glial Cells ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
Synapse Formation ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Sympathetic Neurons ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Sympathetic Neuron ◽  
Sympathetic Ganglia ◽  
Satellite Glial Cells ◽  
Satellite Glia

AbstractPostganglionic sympathetic neurons and satellite glial cells are the two major cell types of the peripheral sympathetic ganglia. Sympathetic neurons project to and provide neural control of peripheral organs and have been implicated in human disorders ranging from cardiovascular disease to peripheral neuropathies. Here we show that satellite glia regulate postnatal development and activity of sympathetic neurons, providing evidence for local ganglionic control of sympathetic drive. We show changes in the cellular architecture of the rat sympathetic ganglia during the postnatal period, with satellite glia enwrapping sympathetic neuronal somata during a period of neuronal hypertrophy. In culture, satellite glia contribute to neuronal survival, promote synapse formation and play a modulatory role in neuron-to-neuron cholinergic neurotransmission, consistent with the close contact seen within the ganglia. Cultured satellite glia make and release neurotrophins, which can partially rescue the neurons from nerve growth factor deprivation. Electrophysiological recordings and immunocytochemical analysis on cultured sympathetic neurons show that satellite glial cells influence synapse number and total neuronal activity with little effect on neuronal intrinsic excitability. Thus, satellite glia play an early and ongoing role within the postnatal sympathetic ganglia, expanding our understanding of the contributions of local and target-derived factors in the regulation of sympathetic neuron function.

GABA uptake into isolated retinal Müller glial cells of the guinea-pig detected electrophysiologically

Neuroreport ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 438-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Biedermann ◽  
Wolfgang Eberhardt ◽  
Winfried Reichelt
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Gaba Uptake ◽  
Müller Glial Cells
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