Early developmental exposure to benzodiazepine ligands alters brain levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive products in young adult rats

1989 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 1119-1127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh C. Miranda ◽  
Joseph P. Wagner ◽  
Carol K. Kellogg
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Developmental Exposure ◽  
Brain Levels ◽  
Early Developmental

Early developmental exposure to benzodiazepine ligands alters brain31P-NMR spectra in young adult rats

1990 ◽  
Vol 506 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh Miranda ◽  
Toni Ceckler ◽  
Ronnie Guillet ◽  
Carol Kellogg
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Nmr Spectra ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Developmental Exposure ◽  
Early Developmental

scholarly journals Early Developmental Low-Dose Methylmercury Exposure Alters Learning and Memory in Periadolescent but Not Young Adult Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damaris Albores-Garcia ◽  
Leonor C. Acosta-Saavedra ◽  
Alberto J. Hernandez ◽  
Miriam J. Loera ◽  
Emma S. Calderón-Aranda
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Mehg Exposure ◽  
Object Recognition Test ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Early Developmental

Few studies have assessed the effects of developmental methylmercury (MeHg) exposure on learning and memory at different ages. The possibility of the amelioration or worsening of the effects has not been sufficiently investigated. This study aimed to assess whether low-dose MeHg exposurein uteroand during suckling induces differential disturbances in learning and memory of periadolescent and young adult rats. Four experimental groups of pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were orally exposed to MeHg or vehicle from gestational day 5 to weaning: (1) control (vehicle), (2) 250 μg/kg/day MeHg, (3) 500 μg/kg/day MeHg, and (4) vehicle, and treated on the test day with MK-801 (0.15 mg/kg i.p.), an antagonist of the N-methyl D-aspartate receptor. The effects were evaluated in male offspring through the open field test, object recognition test, Morris water maze, and conditioned taste aversion. For each test and stage assessed, different groups of animals were used. MeHg exposure, in a dose-dependent manner, disrupted exploratory behaviour, recognition memory, spatial learning, and acquisition of aversive memories in periadolescent rats, but alterations were not observed in littermates tested in young adulthood. These results suggest that developmental low-dose exposure to MeHg induces age-dependent detrimental effects. The relevance of decreasing exposure to MeHg in humans remains to be determined.

scholarly journals Hypertension in Prenatally Undernourished Young-Adult Rats Is Maintained by Tonic Reciprocal Paraventricular–Coerulear Excitatory Interactions

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 3568
Author(s):  
Bernardita Cayupe ◽  
Carlos Morgan ◽  
Gustavo Puentes ◽  
Luis Valladares ◽  
Héctor Burgos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Excitatory Pathways ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
Prenatal Undernutrition ◽  
Number Of Cells

Prenatally malnourished rats develop hypertension in adulthood, in part through increased α1-adrenoceptor-mediated outflow from the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) to the sympathetic system. We studied whether both α1-adrenoceptor-mediated noradrenergic excitatory pathways from the locus coeruleus (LC) to the PVN and their reciprocal excitatory CRFergic connections contribute to prenatal undernutrition-induced hypertension. For that purpose, we microinjected either α1-adrenoceptor or CRH receptor agonists and/or antagonists in the PVN or the LC, respectively. We also determined the α1-adrenoceptor density in whole hypothalamus and the expression levels of α1A-adrenoceptor mRNA in the PVN. The results showed that: (i) agonists microinjection increased systolic blood pressure and heart rate in normotensive eutrophic rats, but not in prenatally malnourished subjects; (ii) antagonists microinjection reduced hypertension and tachycardia in undernourished rats, but not in eutrophic controls; (iii) in undernourished animals, antagonist administration to one nuclei allowed the agonists recover full efficacy in the complementary nucleus, inducing hypertension and tachycardia; (iv) early undernutrition did not modify the number of α1-adrenoceptor binding sites in hypothalamus, but reduced the number of cells expressing α1A-adrenoceptor mRNA in the PVN. These results support the hypothesis that systolic pressure and heart rate are increased by tonic reciprocal paraventricular–coerulear excitatory interactions in prenatally undernourished young-adult rats.

scholarly journals Stimulus-specific adaptation in auditory thalamus of young and aged awake rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (8) ◽  
pp. 1892-1902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben D. Richardson ◽  
Kenneth E. Hancock ◽  
Donald M. Caspary
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Brown Norway ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Specific Adaptation ◽  
Auditory Thalamus ◽  
Gating Mechanism ◽  
Medial Geniculate ◽  
Awake Rats

Novel stimulus detection by single neurons in the auditory system, known as stimulus-specific adaptation (SSA), appears to function as a real-time filtering/gating mechanism in processing acoustic information. Particular stimulus paradigms allowing for quantification of a neuron's ability to detect novel or deviant stimuli have been used to examine SSA in the inferior colliculus, medial geniculate body (MGB), and auditory cortex of anesthetized rodents. However, the study of SSA in awake animals is limited to auditory cortex. The present study used individually advanceable tetrodes to record single-unit responses from auditory thalamus (MGB) of awake young adult and aged Fischer Brown Norway (FBN) rats to 1) examine the presence of SSA in the MGB of awake rats and 2) determine whether SSA is altered by aging in MGB. MGB single units in awake FBN rats displayed SSA in response to two stimulus paradigms: the oddball paradigm and a random blocked/interleaved presentation of a set of frequencies. SSA levels were modestly, but nonsignificantly, increased in the nonlemniscal regions of the MGB and at lower stimulus intensities, where 27 of 57 (47%) young adult MGB units displayed SSA. The present findings provide the initial description of SSA in the MGB of awake rats and support SSA as being qualitatively independent of arousal level or anesthetized state. Finally, contrary to previous studies in auditory cortex of anesthetized rats, MGB units in aged rats showed SSA levels indistinguishable from SSA levels in young adult rats, suggesting that SSA in MGB was not impacted by aging in an awake preparation.

scholarly journals Differential effects of targeted tongue exercise and treadmill running on aging tongue muscle structure and contractile properties

2013 ◽  
Vol 114 (4) ◽  
pp. 472-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Kletzien ◽  
John A. Russell ◽  
Glen E. Leverson ◽  
Nadine P. Connor
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Contractile Properties ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Brown Norway ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Tongue Muscle ◽  
Muscle Structure ◽  
Old Rats

Age-associated changes in tongue muscle structure and strength may contribute to dysphagia in elderly people. Tongue exercise is a current treatment option. We hypothesized that targeted tongue exercise and nontargeted exercise that activates tongue muscles as a consequence of increased respiratory drive, such as treadmill running, are associated with different patterns of tongue muscle contraction and genioglossus (GG) muscle biochemistry. Thirty-one young adult, 34 middle-aged, and 37 old Fischer 344/Brown Norway rats received either targeted tongue exercise, treadmill running, or no exercise (5 days/wk for 8 wk). Protrusive tongue muscle contractile properties and myosin heavy chain (MHC) composition in the GG were examined at the end of 8 wk across groups. Significant age effects were found for maximal twitch and tetanic tension (greatest in young adult rats), MHCIIb (highest proportion in young adult rats), MHCIIx (highest proportion in middle-aged and old rats), and MHCI (highest proportion in old rats). The targeted tongue exercise group had the greatest maximal twitch tension and the highest proportion of MHCI. The treadmill running group had the shortest half-decay time, the lowest proportion of MHCIIa, and the highest proportion of MHCIIb. Fatigue was significantly less in the young adult treadmill running group and the old targeted tongue exercise group than in other groups. Thus, tongue muscle structure and contractile properties were affected by both targeted tongue exercise and treadmill running, but in different ways. Studies geared toward optimizing dose and manner of providing targeted and generalized tongue exercise may lead to alternative tongue exercise delivery strategies.

scholarly journals The effect of low intensity pulsed ultrasound on mandibular condylar growth in young adult rats

Bone Reports ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 101122
Author(s):  
Yasamin Hadaegh ◽  
Hasan Uludag ◽  
Douglas Dederich ◽  
Tarek H. El-Bialy
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Pulsed Ultrasound ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Low Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound ◽  
Low Intensity

Onion decreases the ovariectomy-induced osteopenia in young adult rats

Bone ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1154-1163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsang-Hai Huang ◽  
Roman C. Mühlbauer ◽  
Chih-Hsin Tang ◽  
Hsiun-Ing Chen ◽  
Guan-Liang Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Adult Rats
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