Temperature dependence and input optical power tolerance of an InGaAsP electroabsorption modulator module

1996 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 605-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Tanaka ◽  
M. Horita ◽  
Y. Matsushima ◽  
Y. Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Optical Power ◽  
Electroabsorption Modulator

scholarly journals Seasonal Temperature Dependence of Availability of Under-Water Visible Optical Communications through Egypt Nile River Water

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seif eldin A. Zaghloul ◽  
Bedir Yousif ◽  
Walid S. El-Deeb
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Optical Communication ◽  
Optical Communications ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Optical Power ◽  
Optical Channel ◽  
Nile River ◽  
Transmitted Power ◽  
Ray Trace

Abstract Underwater visible optical communications become very important for their high velocity and more data rate. But the optical is suffering from the high water attenuation. For optical communication. Pure water is the best of the ten water types with wavelengths λ = 455 and 486 mm. The Nile river water is a pure water without salinity (fresh water). The temperature of the water is daily changes and so the performance of optical communication underwater becomes temperature-dependent. A simplified expression very good accuracy of Egypt Nile water to determine the water refractive index, water dispersion, water attenuation, received optical power, and SNR as direct temperature dependence is done. The optical channel loss model is used to determine the received optical power and the ray trace model is used to define optical radiation pattern. The equation of optical received power by ray trace is the same as that by using the optical channel loss model except for the transmitter gain of them are different. For λ = 486nm with water temperature varying from 4oC to 30oC, the corresponding refractive index decreases from 1.3399 to 1.3379 (so, the optical velocity under fresh water increases from 2.239*108m/s to 2.2423*108 m/s), dispersion decreases from 0.6492 to 0.6459 (ps/m nm), attenuation factor decreases from 0.0378 m− 1 to 0.0345m− 1 and so the required transmitted optical power due to attenuation for 800 m long shrinks to 7.4 %. The Effect of temperature becomes more evident with more link distance. The required transmitted power to achieve the required SNR increases with the more data rate. To overcome the unavailability of the link due to water temperature, the transmitted power must be controlled by the daily water temperature. In this study, the temperature dependence of the performance of the optical link and a simulation proposed example design is done.

scholarly journals Photothermal Effect in Plasmonic Nanotip for LSPR Sensing

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shemyal Nisar ◽  
Siyu Kang ◽  
Xiangwei Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Heat Generation ◽  
Temperature Increase ◽  
Optical Power ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
Photothermal Effect ◽  
Micro Scale ◽  
Scale Temperature

The influence of heat generation on the conventional process of LSPR based sensing has not been explored thus far. Therefore, a need exists to draw attention toward the heat generation issue during LSPR sensing as it may affect the refractive index of the analyte, leading to incorrect sensory conclusions. This manuscript addresses the connection between the photo-thermal effect and LSPR. We numerically analyzed the heat performance of a gold cladded nanotip. The numerical results predict a change in the micro-scale temperature in the microenvironment near the nanotip. These numerical results predict a temperature increase of more than 20 K near the apex of the nanotip, which depends on numerous factors including the input optical power and the diameter of the fiber. We analytically show that this change in the temperature influences a change in the refractive index of the microenvironment in the vicinity of the nanotip. In accordance with our numerical and analytical findings, we experimentally show an LSPR shift induced by a change in the input power of the source. We believe that our work will bring the importance of temperature dependence in nanotip based LSPR sensing to the fore.

scholarly journals Electroabsorption modulator laser for cost-effective 40 Gbit/s networks with low drive voltage, chirp and temperature dependence

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (24) ◽  
pp. 1263 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Aubin ◽  
J. Seoane ◽  
K. Merghem ◽  
M.S. Berger ◽  
C.F. Jespersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Electroabsorption Modulator ◽  
Drive Voltage

Strain-compensated MQW electroabsorption modulator for increased optical power handling

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 900 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.K. Czajkowski ◽  
M.A. Gibbon ◽  
G.H.B. Thompson ◽  
P.D. Greene ◽  
A.D. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Power ◽  
Electroabsorption Modulator ◽  
Power Handling

High-speed InGaAsP/InGaAsP MQW electroabsorption modulator with high optical power handling capacity

1992 ◽  
Vol 28 (23) ◽  
pp. 2157 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Devaux ◽  
E. Bigan ◽  
A. Ougazzaden ◽  
F. Huet ◽  
M. Carré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Optical Power ◽  
Electroabsorption Modulator ◽  
Power Handling

Temperature Dependence of the Critical Electron Dose for Fatty Acid Monolayers

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 78-79
Author(s):  
Kenneth H. Downing ◽  
Robert M. Glaeser
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Inelastic Scattering ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Strong Temperature Dependence ◽  
Electron Dose ◽  
Covalent Bonds

The structural damage of molecules irradiated by electrons is generally considered to occur in two steps. The direct result of inelastic scattering events is the disruption of covalent bonds. Following changes in bond structure, movement of the constituent atoms produces permanent distortions of the molecules. Since at least the second step should show a strong temperature dependence, it was to be expected that cooling a specimen should extend its lifetime in the electron beam. This result has been found in a large number of experiments, but the degree to which cooling the specimen enhances its resistance to radiation damage has been found to vary widely with specimen types.

Temperature Dependence of Magnetic Domains and Wall Structures

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 496-497
Author(s):  
Sonoko Tsukahara ◽  
Tadami Taoka ◽  
Hisao Nishizawa
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Domain Walls ◽  
Magnetic Domain ◽  
Iron Film ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Lorentz Microscopy ◽  
Domain Structures ◽  
Wall Structures ◽  
Crystal Films ◽  
Metallurgical Structure

The high voltage Lorentz microscopy was successfully used to observe changes with temperature; of domain structures and metallurgical structures in an iron film set on the hot stage combined with a goniometer. The microscope used was the JEM-1000 EM which was operated with the objective lens current cut off to eliminate the magnetic field in the specimen position. Single crystal films with an (001) plane were prepared by the epitaxial growth of evaporated iron on a cleaved (001) plane of a rocksalt substrate. They had a uniform thickness from 1000 to 7000 Å.The figure shows the temperature dependence of magnetic domain structure with its corresponding deflection pattern and metallurgical structure observed in a 4500 Å iron film. In general, with increase of temperature, the straight domain walls decrease in their width (at 400°C), curve in an iregular shape (600°C) and then vanish (790°C). The ripple structures with cross-tie walls are observed below the Curie temperature.

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