Beetle pollination and flowering rhythm ofAnnona spp. (Annonaceae) in Brazil

1989 ◽  
Vol 167 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 165-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Gottsberger
PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. e0171092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilza Silva Costa ◽  
Ricardo José Silva ◽  
Hipólito Ferreira Paulino-Neto ◽  
Mônica Josene Barbosa Pereira

1999 ◽  
Vol 160 (6) ◽  
pp. 1135-1143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Gibernau ◽  
Denis Barabé ◽  
Philippe Cerdan ◽  
Alain Dejean

2018 ◽  
Vol 285 (1870) ◽  
pp. 20172365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi-Xiao Luo ◽  
Lian-Jie Zhang ◽  
Shuai Yuan ◽  
Zhong-Hui Ma ◽  
Dian-Xiang Zhang ◽  
...  

Insect pollination in basal angiosperms is assumed to mostly involve ‘generalized' insects looking for food, but direct observations of ANITA grade (283 species) pollinators are sparse. We present new data for numerous Schisandraceae, the largest ANITA family, from fieldwork, nocturnal filming, electron microscopy, barcoding and molecular clocks to infer pollinator/plant interactions over multiple years at sites throughout China to test the extent of pollinator specificity. Schisandraceae are pollinated by nocturnal gall midges that lay eggs in the flowers and whose larvae then feed on floral exudates. At least three Schisandraceae have shifted to beetle pollination. Pollination by a single midge species predominates, but one species was pollinated by different species at three locations and one by two at the same location. Based on molecular clocks, gall midges and Schisandraceae may have interacted since at least the Early Miocene. Combining these findings with a review of all published ANITA pollination data shows that ovipositing flies are the most common pollinators of living representatives of the ANITA grade. Compared to food reward-based pollination, oviposition-based systems are less wasteful of plant gametes because (i) none are eaten and (ii) female insects with herbivorous larvae reliably visit conspecific flowers.


1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Wormer ◽  
J. Gituanja

SUMMARYIn Kenya, coffee growing east of the Great Rift Valley has its main flowering either in February–March or in October–November. These flowerings are mainly initiated from approximately August to December and June to September, respectively. Changes from an early to a late flowering rhythm and vice versa can be caused by (a) pruning, (b) the condition of the tree, and (c) the weather pattern, but more information is needed for a complete understanding of this problem.


2010 ◽  
Vol 291 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 25-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Teichert ◽  
Stefan Dötterl ◽  
Gerhard Gottsberger
Keyword(s):  

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 337
Author(s):  
S.-L. Steenhuisen ◽  
S.D. Johnson

2012 ◽  
Vol 298 (5) ◽  
pp. 857-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandy-Lynn Steenhuisen ◽  
Steven D. Johnson
Keyword(s):  

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document