Beetle pollination and flowering rhythm ofAnnona spp. (Annonaceae) in Brazil

Gerhard Gottsberger

doi:10.1007/bf00936404

Beetle pollination and flowering rhythm of Annona coriacea Mart. (Annonaceae) in Brazilian cerrado: Behavioral features of its principal pollinators

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0171092 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. e0171092 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Marilza Silva Costa ◽

Ricardo José Silva ◽

Hipólito Ferreira Paulino-Neto ◽

Mônica Josene Barbosa Pereira

Keyword(s):

Brazilian Cerrado ◽

Beetle Pollination ◽

Behavioral Features ◽

Flowering Rhythm

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BEETLE POLLINATION OF CYCLANTHUS BIPARTITUS (CYCLANTHACEAE)

American Journal of Botany ◽

10.1002/j.1537-2197.1982.tb13352.x ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 69 (7) ◽

pp. 1074-1081 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

James H. Beach

Keyword(s):

Beetle Pollination

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Hopliine beetle pollination in annual Wahlenbergia species (Campanulaceae) from western South Africa, and the new species W. melanops

South African Journal of Botany ◽

10.1016/j.sajb.2015.04.014 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 100 ◽

pp. 58-62 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J.C. Manning ◽

P. Goldblatt ◽

J.F. Colville ◽

C.N. Cupido

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

New Species ◽

Beetle Pollination

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Beetle pollination of Philodendron solimoesense (Araceae) in French Guiana

International Journal of Plant Sciences ◽

10.1086/314195 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 160 (6) ◽

pp. 1135-1143 ◽

Cited By ~ 71

Author(s):

Marc Gibernau ◽

Denis Barabé ◽

Philippe Cerdan ◽

Alain Dejean

Keyword(s):

French Guiana ◽

Beetle Pollination

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The largest early-diverging angiosperm family is mostly pollinated by ovipositing insects and so are most surviving lineages of early angiosperms

Proceedings of The Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.2017.2365 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 285 (1870) ◽

pp. 20172365 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Shi-Xiao Luo ◽

Lian-Jie Zhang ◽

Shuai Yuan ◽

Zhong-Hui Ma ◽

Dian-Xiang Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Food Reward ◽

Early Miocene ◽

Molecular Clocks ◽

Plant Interactions ◽

Insect Pollination ◽

Basal Angiosperms ◽

Gall Midges ◽

Beetle Pollination ◽

Direct Observations

Insect pollination in basal angiosperms is assumed to mostly involve ‘generalized' insects looking for food, but direct observations of ANITA grade (283 species) pollinators are sparse. We present new data for numerous Schisandraceae, the largest ANITA family, from fieldwork, nocturnal filming, electron microscopy, barcoding and molecular clocks to infer pollinator/plant interactions over multiple years at sites throughout China to test the extent of pollinator specificity. Schisandraceae are pollinated by nocturnal gall midges that lay eggs in the flowers and whose larvae then feed on floral exudates. At least three Schisandraceae have shifted to beetle pollination. Pollination by a single midge species predominates, but one species was pollinated by different species at three locations and one by two at the same location. Based on molecular clocks, gall midges and Schisandraceae may have interacted since at least the Early Miocene. Combining these findings with a review of all published ANITA pollination data shows that ovipositing flies are the most common pollinators of living representatives of the ANITA grade. Compared to food reward-based pollination, oviposition-based systems are less wasteful of plant gametes because (i) none are eaten and (ii) female insects with herbivorous larvae reliably visit conspecific flowers.

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Floral Initiation and Flowering of Coffea arabica L. in Kenya

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479700000211 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 157-170 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

T. M. Wormer ◽

J. Gituanja

Keyword(s):

Rift Valley ◽

Coffea Arabica ◽

Floral Initiation ◽

Complete Understanding ◽

Late Flowering ◽

Weather Pattern ◽

Flowering Rhythm ◽

Great Rift Valley ◽

Coffea Arabica L

SUMMARYIn Kenya, coffee growing east of the Great Rift Valley has its main flowering either in February–March or in October–November. These flowerings are mainly initiated from approximately August to December and June to September, respectively. Changes from an early to a late flowering rhythm and vice versa can be caused by (a) pruning, (b) the condition of the tree, and (c) the weather pattern, but more information is needed for a complete understanding of this problem.

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