Isolation of specific antigens fromAngiostrongylus cantonensis

1986 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winnie W. S. Kum ◽  
Ronald C. Ko
Keyword(s):  
Specific Antigens

Lectin Binding to Human Breast Tumor Cells

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 34-35
Author(s):  
Robert E. Nordquist ◽  
J. Hill Anglin ◽  
Michael P. Lerner
Keyword(s):  
Carcinoma Cell ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Lectin Binding ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Breast Carcinoma Cell Line ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Human Breast Tumor ◽  
Duct Carcinoma ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
Ricin Agglutinin

A human breast carcinoma cell line (BOT-2) was derived from an infiltrating duct carcinoma (1). These cells were shown to have antigens that selectively bound antibodies from breast cancer patient sera (2). Furthermore, these tumor specific antigens could be removed from the living cells by low frequency sonication and have been partially characterized (3). These proteins have been shown to be around 100,000 MW and contain approximately 6% hexose and hexosamines. However, only the hexosamines appear to be available for lectin binding. This study was designed to use Concanavalin A (Con A) and Ricinus Communis (Ricin) agglutinin for the topagraphical localization of D-mannopyranosyl or glucopyranosyl and D-galactopyranosyl or DN- acetyl glactopyranosyl configurations on BOT-2 cell surfaces.

Characterization of HLA-A*0201 restricted cytotoxic CD8+ T cells directed against ewing tumor specific antigens

2009 ◽  
Vol 221 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Pirson ◽  
U Thiel ◽  
H Bernhard ◽  
GHS Richter ◽  
S Burdach
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
Ewing Tumor

Adoptive Cell Therapy for Gastrointestinal Cancers

2020 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
pp. 345-350
Author(s):  
Ryan J. Slovak ◽  
Hyun S. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Solid Tumors ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Adoptive Cell Therapy ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Gastrointestinal Cancers ◽  
Gastrointestinal Malignancies ◽  
Specific Antigens

AbstractThe reinfusion of autologous or allogeneic immune cells that have been educated and/or engineered ex vivo to respond to tumor-specific antigens is termed “adoptive cell therapy.” While adoptive cell therapy has made tremendous strides in the treatment of hematologic malignancies, its utilization for solid tumors has lagged somewhat behind. The purpose of this article is to concisely review the clinical research that has been done to investigate adoptive cell therapy as a treatment for gastrointestinal malignancies.

scholarly journals Toward Homogenous Antibody Drug Conjugates Using Enzyme-Based Conjugation Approaches

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 343
Author(s):  
Ahmad Fawzi Hussain ◽  
Armin Grimm ◽  
Wenjie Sheng ◽  
Chaoyu Zhang ◽  
Marwah Al-Rawe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Antibody Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Drug Conjugates ◽  
Complement Dependent Cytotoxicity ◽  
Antibody Conjugates ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
Antibody Conjugate ◽  
Therapeutic Mechanisms

In the last few decades, antibody-based diagnostic and therapeutic applications have been well established in medicine and have revolutionized cancer managements by improving tumor detection and treatment. Antibodies are unique medical elements due to their powerful properties of being able to recognize specific antigens and their therapeutic mechanisms such as blocking specific pathways, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, and complement-dependent cytotoxicity. Furthermore, modification techniques have paved the way for improving antibody properties and to develop new classes of antibody-conjugate-based diagnostic and therapeutic agents. These techniques allow arming antibodies with various effector molecules. However, these techniques are utilizing the most frequently used amino acid residues for bioconjugation, such as cysteine and lysine. These bioconjugation approaches generate heterogeneous products with different functional and safety profiles. This is mainly due to the abundance of lysine and cysteine side chains. To overcome these limitations, different site-direct conjugation methods have been applied to arm the antibodies with therapeutic or diagnostics molecules to generate unified antibody conjugates with tailored properties. This review summarizes some of the enzyme-based site-specific conjugation approaches.

scholarly journals Trehalose-containing lipooligosaccharides. A new class of species-specific antigens from Mycobacterium.

1983 ◽  
Vol 258 (17) ◽  
pp. 10481-10487 ◽  
Author(s):  
S W Hunter ◽  
R C Murphy ◽  
K Clay ◽  
M B Goren ◽  
P J Brennan
Keyword(s):  
New Class ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
Species Specific

scholarly journals Coevolution of the major histocompatibility complex and the t-complex in the mouse. I. Generation and maintenance of high complementarity associations.

Genetics ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-151
Author(s):  
M K Uyenoyama
Keyword(s):  
Major Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Quantitative Model ◽  
Major Histocompatibility ◽  
Single Population ◽  
T Complex ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Single Antigen ◽  
Complete Independence ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
T Haplotype

Abstract A quantitative model is developed to explore the effects of prezygotic and postzygotic incompatibility on the origin and maintenance of associations between the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and the t-complex in the mouse. Incompatibility is represented by a reduction in the rate of conception or gestation of offspring derived from sperm bearing MHC antigens in common with the mother. Incompatibility encourages the evolution of associations from a state of complete independence between the two complexes by promoting the invasion of all novel antigens, including those that exhibit associations with the t-complex. Incompatibility can modify the relative numbers of antigens associated with each haplotype by actively promoting the exclusion or invasion of recombinants that bear formerly +-specific or t-specific antigens on the alternative haplotype. The results of the analysis indicate that the state of complete independence between the MHC and the t-complex is not preserved over evolutionary time in the presence of incompatibility. Further, the expression of incompatibility maintains fully associated states that include a single antigen associated with the t-haplotype and up to three to five antigens associated with the +-haplotype within a single population.

scholarly journals Immunotherapy as a Precision Medicine Tool for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Maria Adamaki ◽  
Vassilios Zoumpourlis
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Treatment Alternative ◽  
Substantial Evidence ◽  
Significant Survival ◽  
Localized Disease ◽  
Specific Antigens

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequently diagnosed type of cancer among Caucasian males over the age of 60 and is characterized by remarkable heterogeneity and clinical behavior, ranging from decades of indolence to highly lethal disease. Despite the significant progress in PCa systemic therapy, therapeutic response is usually transient, and invasive disease is associated with high mortality rates. Immunotherapy has emerged as an efficacious and non-toxic treatment alternative that perfectly fits the rationale of precision medicine, as it aims to treat patients on the basis of patient-specific, immune-targeted molecular traits, so as to achieve the maximum clinical benefit. Antibodies acting as immune checkpoint inhibitors and vaccines entailing tumor-specific antigens seem to be the most promising immunotherapeutic strategies in offering a significant survival advantage. Even though patients with localized disease and favorable prognostic characteristics seem to be the ones that markedly benefit from such interventions, there is substantial evidence to suggest that the survival benefit may also be extended to patients with more advanced disease. The identification of biomarkers that can be immunologically targeted in patients with disease progression is potentially amenable in this process and in achieving significant advances in the decision for precision treatment of PCa.

Image-Guided Intratumoral Delivery of Immunotherapeutics in Gastrointestinal Malignancies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Qiao ◽  
Rahul A. Sheth ◽  
Alda Tam
Keyword(s):  
Viral Vectors ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Clinical Development ◽  
Gastrointestinal Malignancies ◽  
Robust Immune Response ◽  
Image Guided ◽  
Current State ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
Promising Treatment ◽  
Intratumoral Delivery

AbstractIntratumoral (IT) administration of immunotherapy is a promising treatment strategy under clinical development for gastrointestinal malignancies. Due to its targeted nature, IT immunotherapies can generate regional proinflammatory microenvironments that result in the focal recruitment of tumor-specific immune cells. Precision targeting of tumors via IT immunotherapy injection theoretically produces a more robust immune response to the treated tumor itself and to distant metastatic tumors that share tumor-specific antigens with those of the treated tumor, while also minimizing the priming of the adaptive immune system to nonspecific antigens. Diverse arrays of IT immunotherapeutic agents including but not limited to lyophilized bacteria, viral vectors, cellular-based agents, molecules, and peptides, both as monotherapies and in combination with systemic immunotherapies, are in various stages of preclinical and clinical development. In this review, we summarize the current state of the art for IT immunotherapy and highlight potential future directions and their relevance to image-guided interventionalists.

scholarly journals The Next-Generation of Combination Cancer Immunotherapy: Epigenetic Immunomodulators Transmogrify Immune Training to Enhance Immunotherapy

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3596
Author(s):  
Reza Bayat Mokhtari ◽  
Manpreet Sambi ◽  
Bessi Qorri ◽  
Narges Baluch ◽  
Neda Ashayeri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Tumor Antigens ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
Viral Proteins ◽  
Tumor Rejection ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Patient Response ◽  
Specific Antigens

Cancer immunotherapy harnesses the immune system by targeting tumor cells that express antigens recognized by immune system cells, thus leading to tumor rejection. These tumor-associated antigens include tumor-specific shared antigens, differentiation antigens, protein products of mutated genes and rearrangements unique to tumor cells, overexpressed tissue-specific antigens, and exogenous viral proteins. However, the development of effective therapeutic approaches has proven difficult, mainly because these tumor antigens are shielded, and cells primarily express self-derived antigens. Despite innovative and notable advances in immunotherapy, challenges associated with variable patient response rates and efficacy on select tumors minimize the overall effectiveness of immunotherapy. Variations observed in response rates to immunotherapy are due to multiple factors, including adaptative resistance, competency, and a diversity of individual immune systems, including cancer stem cells in the tumor microenvironment, composition of the gut microbiota, and broad limitations of current immunotherapeutic approaches. New approaches are positioned to improve the immune response and increase the efficacy of immunotherapies, highlighting the challenges that the current global COVID-19 pandemic places on the present state of immunotherapy.

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