Equivalence principle, the general theory of relativity, ang ?black holes?

1984 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Gertsenshtein
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Equivalence Principle ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
General Theory Of Relativity

scholarly journals Black Hole - A Beginning, not the End

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VI) ◽  
pp. 1524-1525
Author(s):  
Purujit Malik
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Dark Matter ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Hawking Radiation ◽  
Black Body ◽  
Physical Aspect ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
General Theory Of Relativity

A black hole is a region of space from which nothing, not even light, can escape. According to the general theory of relativity[2], it starts existing when spacetime gets curved by a huge mass. There is a sphere around the black hole. If something goes inside the sphere, it can not leave. This sphere is called the event horizon. A black hole is black because it absorbs all the light that hits it. It reflects nothing, just like a perfect black body in thermodynamics. Under quantum mechanics, black holes have a temperature and emit Hawking radiation, which makes them slowly get smaller.Because black holes are very hard to see, people trying to see them look for them by the way they affect other things near them. The place where there is a black hole can be found by tracking the movement of stars that orbit somewhere in space. Or people can find it when gas falls into a black hole, because the gas heats up and is very bright[1].However besides all these theories we still do not know what a black hole and dark matter is because all these theories rely on the much physical aspect of things and not on a unified understanding of creation.

scholarly journals ON THE SPECTRAL SHIFT AND THE TIME DELAY OF LIGHT IN A RINDLER ACCELERATED FRAME

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (04) ◽  
pp. 699-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. FORMIGA ◽  
C. ROMERO
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Time Delay ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Equivalence Principle ◽  
Spectral Shift ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
General Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Accelerated Observers ◽  
Einstein's Equivalence Principle

We discuss two effects predicted by the general theory of relativity in the context of Rindler accelerated observers: the gravitational spectral shift and the time delay of light. We show that these effects also appear in a Rindler frame in the absence of gravitational field, in accordance with the Einstein's equivalence principle.

Einstein’s Intellectual Odyssey to General Relativity

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanoch Gutfreund ◽  
Jürgen Renn
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Equivalence Principle ◽  
Special Theory ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
General Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Special Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Theory Of Gravitation ◽  
To Come

This section discusses the development of Albert Einstein's ideas and attitudes as he struggled for eight years to come up with a general theory of relativity that would meet the physical and mathematical requirements laid down at the outset. It first considers Einstein's work on gravitation in Prague before analyzing three documents that played a significant role in his search for a theory of general relativity: the Zurich Notebook, the Einstein–Grossmann Entwurf paper, and the Einstein–Besso manuscript. It then looks at Einstein's completion of his general theory of relativity in Berlin in November 1915, along with his development of a new theory of gravitation within the framework of the special theory of relativity. It also examines the formulation of the basic idea that Einstein termed the “equivalence principle,” his Entwurf theory vs. David Hilbert's theory, and the 1916 manuscript of Einstein's work on the general theory of relativity.

scholarly journals EINSTEIN'S EQUIVALENCE PRINCIPLE AND THE GRAVITATIONAL RED SHIFT

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (20) ◽  
pp. 2759-2759 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETROS S. FLORIDES
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Equivalence Principle ◽  
Classical Mechanics ◽  
Red Shift ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
General Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Einstein's Equivalence Principle ◽  
The Relationship

Long before the general theory of relativity was finally formulated in 1916, it was claimed that the following argument, based on (the strong) Einstein's equivalence principle (EP for short), predicted the well known and experimentally observed phenomenon of the gravitational red shift; precisely the same argument is being used to this day in almost all books on general relativity to derive the same phenomenon (see, for example, Refs. 1, 2): Consider "Einstein's elevator" at rest on the Earth's surface with an emitter (E) fixed on the floor of the elevator, and a receiver (R) fixed on the ceiling directly above E and distance h from it. Let E send light signals, at frequency νE, to R and let the frequency at which they are received by R be νR. To find the relationship between νE and νR we invoke the EP and consider, instead, E and R as fixed in an elevator which is accelerating relative to an inertial frame S in gravitation-free space with constant acceleration g in the direction [Formula: see text], g being the acceleration due to gravity on the Earth's surface. At time t = 0, when E is assumed to be at rest in S, E emits a light wave towards R. The time it takes the wave to reach R is roughly t = h/c, where c is the speed of light in S. But in this time R has acquired the velocity [Formula: see text] and, therefore, there is a consequent Doppler shift given by [Formula: see text]. By the EP the same result must hold when E and R are fixed near the Earth's surface. In this case gh = △Φ = Φ(R) - Φ(E), so that in the Earth's gravitational field we have [Formula: see text], which is the standard formula for the gravitational red shift. Simple and straight forward as the above argument may seem, we shall show in this lecture that it is, in fact, fundamentally flawed in two important respects. We shall present a new argument, entirely within the framework of classical mechanics (just as the above argument), which is free from these two flaws. Alas!, it leads to zero gravitational red shift for the case dealt with in the above argument. It is argued that this result not only does it not invalidate the general theory of relativity but it strengthens it; for, the full theory of general relativity alone, irrespective of its historical development, can correctly and unambiguously predict the observed gravitational red shift.

scholarly journals New horizons in black hole astrophysics

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-14
Author(s):  
Roger Blandford
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Galactic Evolution ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
General Theory Of Relativity ◽  
New Horizons ◽  
Luminous Objects ◽  
The Universe

Black holes, a seemingly inevitable consequence of Einstein’s general theory of relativity and stellar and galactic evolution are being observed in many new ways with masses ranging from roughly three to ten billion solar masses. Their masses and spins determine how they power the most luminous objects in the universe and impact their environments.

General Covariance

2021 ◽  
pp. 164-210
Author(s):  
Moataz H. Emam
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Gravitational Field ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Weak Field ◽  
General Covariance ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
General Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Principle Of Equivalence ◽  
Spacetime Curvature ◽  
Interior Solutions

The general theory of relativity is introduced based on the principle of equivalence. Gravity is shown to arise dues to spacetime curvature. Specific examples of curved spacetimes are presented from the approximate but more intuitive to the complex: Uniform gravitational field (Galilean metric), the Newtonian weak field metric, Schwarzschild’s exterior and interior solutions, black holes, and cosmological spacetimes. A brief discussion on distances, areas and volumes in curved spaces is also given.

The general theory of relativity is correct!

1988 ◽  
Vol 155 (7) ◽  
pp. 517-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya.B. Zel'dovich ◽  
Leonid P. Grishchuk
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
General Theory Of Relativity

Dualism QM and GR

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitaly Kuyukov
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Noncommutative Geometry ◽  
Quantum Tunneling ◽  
Closed Surface ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
General Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Surface Integral ◽  
Definition Of

Quantum tunneling of noncommutative geometry gives the definition of time in the form of holography, that is, in the form of a closed surface integral. Ultimately, the holography of time shows the dualism between quantum mechanics and the general theory of relativity.

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