A new biochemical marker for foot-specific cell differentiation in hydra

1985 ◽  
Vol 194 (8) ◽  
pp. 453-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Hoffmeister ◽  
H. Chica Schaller
Keyword(s):  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Biochemical Marker ◽  
Specific Cell

Abstract 433: HDAC7 is Essential for Stem Cell Differentiation into Smooth Muscle Cells

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andriana Margariti ◽  
Qingzhong Xiao ◽  
Anna Zampetaki ◽  
Yanhua Hu ◽  
Lingfang Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
Marker Expression

Background: Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) possess the potential to differentiate into specific cell lineages, such as vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). The homeostasis of histone acetylation and deacetylation mediated by histone deacetylase (HDAC) is known to play a central role in the regulation of gene expression, through co-operation with other transcription factors. However, it is unknown whether HDAC plays a role in mediating stem cell differentiation into SMCs. Methods and results: Mouse ESCs were seeded on collagen IV-coated flasks and cultured in the absence of Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF) in differentiation medium for 3 to 9 days in order to induce SMCs differentiation. Western blots and double-immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that HDAC7 expressed in parallel with SMC marker genes. Upregulation of HDAC7 expression resulted in increase in SMC marker expression, while downregulation of HDAC7 by siRNA caused decrease of SMC marker expression. In ex vivo culture of embryonic cells from SM22-LacZ transgenic mice, over-expression of HDAC7 significantly increased beta-gal positive cells, indicating a crucial role of HDAC7 in SMC differentiation during embryonic development. An important observation of this study is that HDAC7 undergoes alternative splicing during ESC differentiation, resulting in alternative translation from second ATG codon, giving rise to a short HDAC7 missing the N-terminal 22 amino acids. We also found that PDGF induced SMCs differentiation through the regulation of HDAC7 transcription and splicing, in which siHDAC7 knockdown ablated PDGF-induced SMC marker expression. Spliced HDAC7 increased SMC differentiation, while the short HDAC7 had no effect or even downregulated SMC differentiation. Further experiments revealed that the short HDAC7 isoform bound to MEF2C, while the full length HDAC7 did not, indicating that HDAC7 splicing can induce SMCs differentiation through the modulation of MEF2C-mediated gene expression. Conclusions: Our findings provide novel information on the mechanism involved in SMC differentiation, and identify HDAC7 as a new target in therapeutic intervention on vascular disease, where inhibition of vascular progenitor cell differentiation into SMCs would be beneficial.

Ventral veinless, the gene encoding the Cf1a transcription factor, links positional information and cell differentiation during embryonic and imaginal development in Drosophila melanogaster

Development ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 121 (10) ◽  
pp. 3405-3416 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.F. de Celis ◽  
M. Llimargas ◽  
J. Casanova
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Positional Information ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Signalling Molecules ◽  
Pou Domain

The ventral veinless gene (vvl) encodes the previously identified Cf1a protein, a transcription factor containing a POU-domain. During embryonic development vvl function is required for the formation of the tracheal tree and in the patterning of the ventral ectoderm. During imaginal development vvl is required for cell proliferation and the differentiation of the wing veins. vvl expression is restricted to the regions where its function is required, and is dependent on the coordinate activities of signalling molecules such as decapentaplegic, wingless and hedgehog. vvl interacts with other genes involved in vein differentiation, including veinlet, thick veins, torpedo, decapentaplegic and Notch suggesting that vvl function may affect several cell-to-cell communication pathways. We propose that the gene vvl integrates information from different signalling molecules and regulates the expression of specific cell differentiation genes during tracheal development and vein differentiation.

scholarly journals Analysis of Drosophila p8 and p52 mutants reveals distinct roles for the maintenance of TFIIH stability and male germ cell differentiation

Open Biology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 160222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grisel Cruz-Becerra ◽  
Mandy Juárez ◽  
Viviana Valadez-Graham ◽  
Mario Zurita
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dna Repair ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Germ Cell Differentiation ◽  
Specific Syndrome ◽  
Eukaryotic Gene Expression ◽  
Eukaryotic Gene

Eukaryotic gene expression is activated by factors that interact within complex machinery to initiate transcription. An important component of this machinery is the DNA repair/transcription factor TFIIH. Mutations in TFIIH result in three human syndromes: xeroderma pigmentosum, Cockayne syndrome and trichothiodystrophy. Transcription and DNA repair defects have been linked to some clinical features of these syndromes. However, how mutations in TFIIH affect specific developmental programmes, allowing organisms to develop with particular phenotypes, is not well understood. Here, we show that mutations in the p52 and p8 subunits of TFIIH have a moderate effect on the gene expression programme in the Drosophila testis, causing germ cell differentiation arrest in meiosis, but no Polycomb enrichment at the promoter of the affected differentiation genes, supporting recent data that disagree with the current Polycomb-mediated repression model for regulating gene expression in the testis. Moreover, we found that TFIIH stability is not compromised in p8 subunit-depleted testes that show transcriptional defects, highlighting the role of p8 in transcription. Therefore, this study reveals how defects in TFIIH affect a specific cell differentiation programme and contributes to understanding the specific syndrome manifestations in TFIIH-afflicted patients.

scholarly journals Glycosaminoglycans as regulators of stem cell differentiation

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 383-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond A.A. Smith ◽  
Kate Meade ◽  
Claire E. Pickford ◽  
Rebecca J. Holley ◽  
Catherine L.R. Merry
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Es Cells ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Specific Cell

ES (embryonic stem) cell differentiation is dependent on the presence of HS (heparan sulfate). We have demonstrated that, during differentiation, the evolution of specific cell lineages is associated with particular patterns of GAG (glycosaminoglycan) expression. For example, different HS epitopes are synthesized during neural or mesodermal lineage formation. Cell lines mutant for various components of the HS biosynthetic pathway are selectively impaired in their differentiation, with lineage-specific effects observed for some lines. We have also observed that the addition of soluble GAG saccharides to cells, with or without cell-surface HS, can influence the pace and outcome of differentiation, again highlighting specific pattern requirements for particular lineages. We are combining this work with ongoing studies into the design of artificial cell environments where we have optimized three-dimensional scaffolds, generated by electrospinning or by the formation of hydrogels, for the culture of ES cells. By permeating these scaffolds with defined GAG oligosaccharides, we intend to control the mechanical environment of the cells (via the scaffold architecture) as well as their biological signalling environment (using the oligosaccharides). We predict that this will allow us to control ES cell pluripotency and differentiation in a three-dimensional setting, allowing the generation of differentiated cell types for use in drug discovery/testing or in therapeutics.

scholarly journals Chloramphenicol inhibits eukaryotic Ser/Thr phosphatase and infection-specific cell differentiation in the rice blast fungus

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihito Nozaka ◽  
Ayaka Nishiwaki ◽  
Yuka Nagashima ◽  
Shogo Endo ◽  
Misa Kuroki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Rice Blast Fungus ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Blast Fungus

scholarly journals Layer-specific cell differentiation in bi-layered vascular grafts under flow perfusion

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 015009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Pennings ◽  
Eline E van Haaften ◽  
Tomasz Jungst ◽  
Jurgen A Bulsink ◽  
Antoine J W P Rosenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Vascular Grafts ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Flow Perfusion

scholarly journals Spatial cell disparity in the colonial choanoflagellateSalpingoeca rosetta

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Naumann ◽  
Pawel Burkhardt
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Traditional View ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Last Common Ancestor ◽  
Membrane Contacts ◽  
Spatial Cell

AbstractChoanoflagellates are the closest unicellular relatives of animals (Metazoa). These tiny protists display complex life histories that include sessile as well as different pelagic stages. Some choanoflagellates have the ability to form colonies as well. Up until recently, these colonies have been described to consist of mostly identical cells showing no spatial cell differentiation, which supported the traditional view that spatial cell differentiation, leading to specific cell types in animals, evolved after the split of the last common ancestor of the Choanoflagellata and Metazoa. The recent discovery of single cells in colonies of the choanoflagellateSalpingoeca rosettathat exhibit unique cell morphologies challenges this traditional view. We have now reanalyzed TEM serial sections, aiming to determine the degree of similarity ofS. rosettacells within a rosette colony. We investigated cell morphologies and nuclear, mitochondrial and food vacuole volumes of 40 individual cells from four differentS. rosettarosette colonies and compared our findings to previously published data on sponge choanocytes. Our analysis show that cells in a choanoflagellate colony differ from each other in respect to cell morphology and content ratios of nuclei, mitochondria and food vacuoles. Furthermore, cell disparity withinS. rosettacolonies is higher compared to cell disparity within sponge choanocytes. Moreover, we discovered the presence of plasma membrane contacts between colonial cells in addition to already described intercellular bridges and filo-/pseudopodial contacts. Our findings indicate that the last common ancestor of Choanoflagellata and Metazoa might have possessed plasma membrane contacts and spatial cell disparity during colonial life history stages.

scholarly journals Multidimensional Chromatin Regulation of Cell Lineage Differentiation in a Metazoan Embryo

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiguang Zhao ◽  
Rong Fan ◽  
Weina Xu ◽  
Yangyang Wang ◽  
Xuehua Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Single Cell Analysis ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Chromatin Regulation ◽  
Chromatin Dynamics ◽  
Critical Dimensions ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Lineage Differentiation

SUMMARYHow chromatin dictates cell differentiation is an intriguing question in developmental biology. Here, a reporter gene integrated throughout the genome was used as a sensor to map the chromatin activity landscape in lineage-resolved cells during C. elegans embryogenesis. Single-cell analysis of chromatin dynamics across critical dimensions of cell differentiation was performed, including lineage, tissue, and symmetry. During lineage progression, chromatin gradually diversifies in general and exhibits switch-like changes following specific cell division, which is predictive of anterior-posterior fate asymmetry. Upon tissue differentiation, chromatin of cells from distinct lineages converge to tissue-specific states but retain “memory” of each cell’s lineage history, which contributes to intra-tissue heterogeneity. However, cells with a morphologically left-right symmetric organization utilize a predetermination chromatin strategy to program analogous regulatory states in early progenitor cells. Additionally, chromatin co-regulation drives the functional coordination of the genome. Collectively, this work reveals the role of multidimensional chromatin regulation in cell differentiation.

scholarly journals The Cell Body Space Occupied by the Nucleus During the Cell Differentiation in Human Lymphocytic, Granulocytic and Erythroid Cell Lineages

2021 ◽  
pp. 701-707
Author(s):  
K SMETANA ◽  
H KLAMOVÁ ◽  
D MIKULENKOVÁ ◽  
J ČERMÁK ◽  
P OTEVŘELOVÁ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Cell Body ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Erythroid Cell ◽  
Refractory Anemia ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Cell Lineages ◽  
Lymphocytic Cell

The present nuclear and cell body diameter measurements demonstrated size differences of the approximate cell space estimate occupied by the cell nucleus during the cell differentiation in lymphocytic, granulocytic and erythroid cell lineages. These lineages were used as convenient models because all differentiation steps were easily identified and accessible in diagnostic peripheral blood or bone marrow smears of blood donors (BDs), patients suffering from chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and refractory anemia (RA) of the myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). The cell space occupied by the nucleus was constant and did not change during the cell differentiation in the lymphocytic cell lineages of BDs and CLL patients despite the decreased cell size. In contrary, the cell space occupied by the nucleus markedly decreased in differentiating cells of granulocytic and erythroid lineages of patients suffering from CML. In the erythroid cell lineage in patients with RA of MDS the small reduction of the cell space occupied by the nucleus during the differentiation was not significant. The measurements also indicated that in progenitor cells of all studied cell lineages nuclei occupied more than 70 % of the cell space. Thus, the nucleus-cytoplasmic morphological and functional equilibrium appeared to be characteristic for each differentiation step and each specific cell lineage.

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