Metabolic consequences of repeated exercise in long distance runners

1993 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayoshi Yoshida ◽  
Hiroshi Watari
Keyword(s):  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Repeated Exercise

Personality Assessment of The Elite Women Long Distance Runners of India

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 561-564
Author(s):  
Annu Annu ◽  
◽  
Vijay Kumar ◽  
Malkeet Kaur ◽  
Neha Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance

Blood lactate and glycerol after 400-m and 3,000-m runs in sprint and long distance runners

1984 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuo Ohkuwa ◽  
Yoshinobu Kato ◽  
Koichi Katsumata ◽  
Takayuki Nakao ◽  
Miharu Miyamura
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance

scholarly journals Analysis of the Impact of a Multi-Strain Probiotic on Body Composition and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Long-Distance Runners

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3758
Author(s):  
Joanna Smarkusz-Zarzecka ◽  
Lucyna Ostrowska ◽  
Joanna Leszczyńska ◽  
Karolina Orywal ◽  
Urszula Cwalina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Total Body ◽  
The Impact

Use of probiotic supplements, the benefits of which have not been proven in sportspeople, is becoming more widespread among runners. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a multi-strain probiotic on body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness and inflammation in the body. The randomised, double-blind study included 66 long-distance runners. The intervention factor was a multi-strain probiotic or placebo. At the initial and final stages of the study, evaluation of body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness was performed and the presence of inflammation determined. In the group of men using the probiotic, an increase in lean body mass (p = 0.019) and skeletal muscle mass (p = 0.022) was demonstrated, while in the group of women taking the probiotic, a decrease in the content of total body fat (p = 0.600) and visceral fat (p = 0.247) was observed. Maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) increased in women (p = 0.140) and men (p = 0.017) using the probiotic. Concentration of tumour necrosis factor-alpha decreased in women (p = 0.003) and men (p = 0.001) using the probiotic and in women (p = 0.074) and men (p = 0.016) using the placebo. Probiotic therapy had a positive effect on selected parameters of body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness of study participants and showed a tendency to reduce inflammation.

scholarly journals Comparison of Y-Balance Test Performance by maturation status in youth distance runners

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7_suppl3) ◽  
pp. 2325967121S0008
Author(s):  
Mitchell J. Rauh ◽  
Micah C. Garcia ◽  
David M. Bazett-Jones ◽  
Jason T. Long ◽  
Kevin R. Ford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Quadriceps Muscle ◽  
Limb Length ◽  
Distance Running ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Quadriceps Muscle Strength ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Distance running is a popular interscholastic sport, but also has an associated high risk of running-related injuries. Recent literature suggests that functional tests may help to identify athletes at increased risk of injury. The Y-Balance Test (YBT) is an objective measure used to assess functional muscle strength and balance and to expose asymmetries between tested limbs. Purpose: To determine if YBT performance was associated with maturation status in healthy, youth distance runners. We hypothesized that mid-pubertal (MP) runners would demonstrate less functional reach distance than pre-pubertal (PrP) or post-pubertal (PoP) runners. Methods: A convenience sample of 142 (Females: n=79, Males: n=63) uninjured youth runners (ages 13.5±2.7 years; weekly running distance: 18.2±20.4 km) were recruited from the local community. All runners met inclusion criteria, indicating that they were between 9 and 19 years old and participated in long-distance running activities such as school/club track and field, cross country, road races, trail running, and/or soccer. The runners completed a modified Pubertal Maturational Observation Scale (PMOS), then were screened for right (R) and left (L) anterior (ANT), posteromedial (PM) and posterolateral (PL) reach distances (cm) normalized by lower limb length (cm). Composite reach distance was calculated by the sum of the three reach distances divided by three times the limb length multiplied by 100 for R and L limbs. ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc tests were used to compare maximum normalized reach distances for the three directions and composite reach distance by maturation status and sex. Results: Overall, 31.7% were classified as PrP status, 26.1% as MP, and 42.3% as PoP, with similar percentages by sex ( p=0.84). The only significant mean difference was found for R ANT maximum normalized reach distance between PrP and PoP ( p=0.02), indicating a greater normalized reach in PrP athletes. No significant mean differences were found for R or L PM and PL maximum normalized reach distances, or for R or L composite reach distances, by maturation status or when stratified by maturation and sex ( p>0.05). Conclusions: In this sample of youth runners, the YBT was only a discriminator of anterior reach distance between pre-pubertal and post-pubertal runners. As decreased anterior reach is associated with reduced quadriceps muscle strength and anterior knee pain, reduced anterior reach in post-pubertal runners may potentially signify an increased risk of sustaining a running-related injury. Thus, preventive efforts to ensure good functional quadriceps muscle strength may be merited.

scholarly journals Prevalence of ACSL (rs6552828) polymorphism among runners

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 121-128
Author(s):  
Sigal Ben-Zaken ◽  
Yoav Meckel ◽  
Dan Nemet ◽  
Alon Eliakim
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Professional Athletes ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
The Common

The ACSL A/G polymorphism is associated with endurance trainability. Previous studies have demonstrated that homozygotes of the minor AA allele had a reduced maximal oxygen consumption response to training compared to the common GG allele homozygotes, and that the ACSL A/G single nucleotide polymorphism explained 6.1% of the variance in the VO2max response to endurance training. The contribution of ACSL single nucleotide polymorphism to endurance trainability was shown in nonathletes, however, its potential role in professional athletes is not clear. Moreover, the genetic basis to anaerobic trainability is even less studied. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the prevalence of ACSL single nucleotide polymorphism among professional Israeli long distance runners (n=59), middle distance runners (n=31), sprinters and jumpers (n=48) and non-athletic controls (n=60). The main finding of the present study was that the ACSL1 AA genotype, previously shown to be associated with reduced endurance trainability, was not higher among sprinters and jumpers (15%) compared to middle- (16%) and long-distance runners (15%). This suggests that in contrast to previous studies indicating that the ACSL1 single nucleotide polymorphism may influence endurance trainability among non-athletic individuals, the role of this polymorphism among professional athletes is still not clear.

scholarly journals Lower leg muscle structure and function are altered in long-distance runners with medial tibial stress syndrome: a case control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Mattock ◽  
Julie R. Steele ◽  
Karen J. Mickle
Keyword(s):  
Lower Leg ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Flexor Hallucis Longus ◽  
Plantar Flexor ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Muscle Structure ◽  
Leg Muscle ◽  
And Function

Abstract Background Medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS) is a common lower leg injury experienced by runners. Although numerous risk factors are reported in the literature, many are non-modifiable and management of the injury remains difficult. Lower leg muscle structure and function are modifiable characteristics that influence tibial loading during foot-ground contact. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether long-distance runners with MTSS displayed differences in in vivo lower leg muscle structure and function than matched asymptomatic runners. Methods Lower leg structure was assessed using ultrasound and a measure of lower leg circumference to quantify muscle cross-sectional area, thickness and lean lower leg girth. Lower leg function was assessed using a hand-held dynamometer to quantify maximal voluntary isometric contraction strength and a single leg heel raise protocol was used to measure ankle plantar flexor endurance. Outcome variables were compared between the limbs of long-distance runners suffering MTSS (n = 20) and matched asymptomatic controls (n = 20). Means, standard deviations, 95 % confidence intervals, mean differences and Cohen’s d values were calculated for each variable for the MTSS symptomatic and control limbs. Results MTSS symptomatic limbs displayed a significantly smaller flexor hallucis longus cross-sectional area, a smaller soleus thickness but a larger lateral gastrocnemius thickness than the control limbs. However, there was no statistical difference in lean lower leg girth. Compared to the matched control limbs, MTSS symptomatic limbs displayed deficits in maximal voluntary isometric contraction strength of the flexor hallucis longus, soleus, tibialis anterior and peroneal muscles, and reduced ankle plantar flexor endurance capacity. Conclusions Differences in lower leg muscle structure and function likely render MTSS symptomatic individuals less able to withstand the negative tibial bending moment generated during midstance, potentially contributing to the development of MTSS. The clinical implications of these findings suggest that rehabilitation protocols for MTSS symptomatic individuals should aim to improve strength of the flexor hallucis longus, soleus, tibialis anterior and peroneal muscles along with ankle plantar flexor endurance. However, the cross-sectional study design prevents us determining whether between group differences were a cause or effect of MTSS. Therefore, future prospective studies are required to substantiate the study findings.

2019 Rome Marathon, hamstring injuries in long distance runners: influence of age, gender, weight, height, number of marathons and impact profile

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Umile Giuseppe LONGO ◽  
Giovanna STELITANO ◽  
Alessandra BERTON ◽  
Vincenzo CANDELA ◽  
Gianfilippo BARNESCHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Hamstring Injuries

Effect of upper body posture on forced inspiration and expiration

1982 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 879-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Haas ◽  
M. Simnowitz ◽  
K. Axen ◽  
D. Gaudino ◽  
A. Haas
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Tension ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
Peak Inspiratory Pressure ◽  
Body Posture ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Upper Body Posture ◽  
Residual Capacity ◽  
Expiratory Flow

The upper body posture naturally adopted by long distance runners was quantified, and its effects on ventilation were assessed in 14 subjects. Maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) and flow-volume loop maneuvers were performed in three seated positions: 1) natural running posture (RUN), with back angled forward 11 degrees, neck flexed, and head extended 35 degrees forward of the spinal column; 2) back vertical with head and neck as above (NEF); and 3) head and back vertical (VERT). MVV was significantly higher in RUN compared with both NEF and VERT, as were peak inspiratory pressure (PImax) from functional residual capacity, peak expiratory flow (PEF), and peak inspiratory flow (PIF). Expiratory flow at 50% of vital capacity was significantly higher in RUN and NEF than in VERT, consistent with reported increases in flow due to tracheal stiffening. The increased PIF and PImax in RUN indicate increased inspiratory muscle tension and/or improved transduction of tension into a more negative pleural pressure. Magnetometer tracings of rib cage dimensions demonstrated greater anteroposterior stability during maximal inspiratory efforts in RUN compared with VERT. The improved inspiratory function seen in RUN may be due to more effective diaphragmatic and/or accessory muscle function. These findings demonstrate that the position naturally adopted by long distance runners favors ventilation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document