A method of standardizing and analyzing the components of the weighted mean error of a water meter

1986 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 292-294
Author(s):  
K. P. Podkopaev ◽  
S. T. Taranenko ◽  
L. N. Shonin ◽  
Yu. M. Makarov ◽  
O. N. Ershova
Keyword(s):  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Mean Error ◽  
Water Meter

scholarly journals New Methodology for Computing the Aircraft’s Position Based on the PPP Method in GPS and GLONASS Systems

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2525
Author(s):  
Kamil Krasuski ◽  
Damian Wierzbicki
Keyword(s):  
Linear Combination ◽  
Research Method ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Weighting Scheme ◽  
Measurement Technology ◽  
Dual Frequency ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Mean Error ◽  
The Mean

In the field of air navigation, there is a constant pursuit for new navigation solutions for precise GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) positioning of aircraft. This study aims to present the results of research on the development of a new method for improving the performance of PPP (Precise Point Positioning) positioning in the GPS (Global Positioning System) and GLONASS (Globalnaja Nawigacionnaja Sputnikovaya Sistema) systems for air navigation. The research method is based on a linear combination of individual position solutions from the GPS and GLONASS systems. The paper shows a computational scheme based on the linear combination for geocentric XYZ coordinates of an aircraft. The algorithm of the new research method uses the weighted mean method to determine the resultant aircraft position. The research method was tested on GPS and GLONASS kinematic data from an airborne experiment carried out with a Seneca Piper PA34-200T aircraft at the Mielec airport. A dual-frequency dual-system GPS/GLONASS receiver was placed on-board the plane, which made it possible to record GNSS observations, which were then used to calculate the aircraft’s position in CSRS-PPP software. The calculated XYZ position coordinates from the CSRS-PPP software were then used in the weighted mean model’s developed optimization algorithm. The measurement weights are a function of the number of GPS and GLONASS satellites and the inverse of the mean error square. The obtained coordinates of aircraft from the research model were verified with the RTK-OTF solution. As a result of the research, the presented solution’s accuracy is better by 11–87% for the model with a weighting scheme as a function of the inverse of the mean error square. Moreover, using the XYZ position from the RTKLIB program, the research method’s accuracy increases from 45% to 82% for the model with a weighting scheme as a function of the inverse of the square of mean error. The developed method demonstrates high efficiency for improving the performance of GPS and GLONASS solutions for the PPP measurement technology in air navigation.

Indikatoren schulischen Wohlbefindens bei gesunden und chronisch kranken Kindern: Psychometrische Prüfung und Validierung adaptierter FEESS-Skalen

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 201-219
Author(s):  
Kathleen Schnick-Vollmer ◽  
Christiane Diefenbach ◽  
Christine Gräf ◽  
Dorle Hoffmann ◽  
Isabell Hoffmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Item Response ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Externe Validität ◽  
Chronisch Kranke

Zusammenfassung. Das schulbezogene Wohlbefinden (SBWB) ist eine wichtige Voraussetzung für schulischen Erfolg. Trotzdem existieren – insbesondere mit Blick auf die Erfassung des SBWB von Erstklässlern – im deutschsprachigen Raum nur vereinzelt Studien. Dies lässt sich möglicherweise durch das Fehlen geeigneter Instrumente begründen. Dies gilt auch und insbesondere dann, wenn der Gesundheitszustand der Kinder berücksichtigt werden soll. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit besteht in der Validierung des adaptierten Fragebogens zur Erfassung von emotionalen und sozialen Schulerfahrungen (FEESS 1 – 2; Rauer & Schuck, 2004 ) mit Fokus auf die Eignung des Instruments für chronisch kranke und gesunde Kinder. Dafür wird zunächst das Konstrukt Wohlbefinden (WB) resp. SBWB definiert und in einschlägige Theorien – die Selbstbestimmungstheorie nach Deci und Ryan (1985) und das Erwartung-mal-Wert-Modell nach Wigfield und Eccles (2000) – eingebettet. Die Bedeutung der verwendeten FEESS-Skalen und ihr Zusammenhang zum schulischen Erfolg werden aufgezeigt. 1491 Kinder wurden zu ihrer Lernfreude (LF), sozialen Integration (SI) und zu ihrem schulbezogenen Fähigkeitsselbstkonzept (SK) befragt. Die Erfassung des Gesundheitszustands wurde über Elternfragebögen und Schuleingangsuntersuchungen eruiert. Zudem wurden die Eltern zur gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität (LQ) ihrer Kinder mit Hilfe eines Fragebogens zur Erfassung der Lebensqualität von Kindern (KINDL; Bullinger, Mackensen & Kirchberger, 1994 ) befragt. Die psychometrische Qualität der adaptierten FEESS-Skalen wurde für beide Gruppen (erkrankt / gesund) auf Skalen- und Itemebene untersucht. Hierzu kamen sowohl klassische Verfahren als auch Verfahren der Item-Response-Theorie zum Einsatz. Die Ergebnisse untermauern die Validität des Konstruktes SBWB und stützen die Annahme der Dreidimensionalität (LF, SI, SK). Alle drei Skalen zeigen eine zufriedenstellende bis sehr gute Reliabilität. Die Items zeigen sehr gute MNSQ-Werte (weighted mean-square; gewichtete Abweichungsquadrate) und geeignete Trennschärfen. Die externe Validität, für deren Berechnung der Zusammenhang zwischen den Angaben der Kinder und den Angaben der Eltern zur gesundheitsbezogenen LQ untersucht wurde, konnte noch nicht ausreichend nachgewiesen werden. Bis auf diese Einschränkung kann mit Hilfe der adaptierten FEESS-Skalen im nächsten Schritt das SBWB von gesunden und erkrankten Kindern verglichen werden, um mögliche Chancenungleichheiten auszugleichen.

The Relationship Between Immorality and Cleansing

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 303-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jedidiah Siev ◽  
Shelby E. Zuckerman ◽  
Joseph J. Siev
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. In a widely publicized set of studies, participants who were primed to consider unethical events preferred cleansing products more than did those primed with ethical events ( Zhong & Liljenquist, 2006 ). This tendency to respond to moral threat with physical cleansing is known as the Macbeth Effect. Several subsequent efforts, however, did not replicate this relationship. The present manuscript reports the results of a meta-analysis of 15 studies testing this relationship. The weighted mean effect size was small across all studies (g = 0.17, 95% CI [0.04, 0.31]), and nonsignificant across studies conducted in independent laboratories (g = 0.07, 95% CI [−0.04, 0.19]). We conclude that there is little evidence for an overall Macbeth Effect; however, there may be a Macbeth Effect under certain conditions.

Minimally Empirical Double Hybrid Functionals Trained Against the GMTKN55 Database: revDSD-PBEP86-D4, revDOD-PBE-D4, and DOD-SCAN-D4

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Golokesh Santra ◽  
Nitai Sylvetsky ◽  
Gershom Martin
Keyword(s):  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Viable Alternative ◽  
Mean Absolute Deviation ◽  
Dispersion Correction ◽  
Training Set ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Absolute Deviation ◽  
Hybrid Functionals ◽  
Scaling Algorithms

We present a family of minimally empirical double-hybrid DFT functionals parametrized against the very large and diverse GMTKN55 benchmark. The very recently proposed wB97M(2) empirical double hybrid (with 16 empirical parameters) has the lowest WTMAD2 (weighted mean absolute deviation over GMTKN55) ever reported at 2.19 kcal/mol. However, our xrevDSD-PBEP86-D4 functional reaches a statistically equivalent WTMAD2=2.22 kcal/mol, using just a handful of empirical parameters, and the xrevDOD-PBEP86-D4 functional reaches 2.25 kcal/mol with just opposite-spin MP2 correlation, making it amenable to reduced-scaling algorithms. In general, the D4 empirical dispersion correction is clearly superior to D3BJ. If one eschews dispersion corrections of any kind, noDispSD-SCAN offers a viable alternative. Parametrization over the entire GMTKN55 dataset yields substantial improvement over the small training set previously employed in the DSD papers.

Minimally Empirical Double Hybrid Functionals Trained Against the GMTKN55 Database: revDSD-PBEP86-D4, revDOD-PBE-D4, and DOD-SCAN-D4

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Golokesh Santra ◽  
Nitai Sylvetsky ◽  
Gershom Martin
Keyword(s):  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Viable Alternative ◽  
Mean Absolute Deviation ◽  
Dispersion Correction ◽  
Training Set ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Absolute Deviation ◽  
Hybrid Functionals ◽  
Scaling Algorithms

We present a family of minimally empirical double-hybrid DFT functionals parametrized against the very large and diverse GMTKN55 benchmark. The very recently proposed wB97M(2) empirical double hybrid (with 16 empirical parameters) has the lowest WTMAD2 (weighted mean absolute deviation over GMTKN55) ever reported at 2.19 kcal/mol. However, our xrevDSD-PBEP86-D4 functional reaches a statistically equivalent WTMAD2=2.22 kcal/mol, using just a handful of empirical parameters, and the xrevDOD-PBEP86-D4 functional reaches 2.25 kcal/mol with just opposite-spin MP2 correlation, making it amenable to reduced-scaling algorithms. In general, the D4 empirical dispersion correction is clearly superior to D3BJ. If one eschews dispersion corrections of any kind, noDispSD-SCAN offers a viable alternative. Parametrization over the entire GMTKN55 dataset yields substantial improvement over the small training set previously employed in the DSD papers.

FACILITATING SKILLS OF GRADE SCHOOL TEACHERS IN INCREASING LEARNING RETENTION AMONG GRADE SCHOOL PUPILS

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
GARRY LINGON
Keyword(s):  
Learning Styles ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
Survey Questionnaire ◽  
Grade School ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Learning Retention ◽  
Materials Used

<p>Teachers are a facilitator of the learning process. Teachers give pupils an ample time to discover new things on their own. Many challenges faced by the teachers in facilitating the activity of learners such as planning, creating, preparing, and selecting the materials used in the activity. Because of this, the task of the teachers is multi-faceted. Many things to be considered in making learning activities, must suit the capability of the learners, this activity can be adapted to different learning styles, and the activity must stimulate the interest of the learners. But not all activities are fitted for all learners because learners are diverse and unique in nature. The needs of pupils are the major concern of the teachers, to retain the learning of the pupils and especially the learning could apply in their daily lives for meaningful learning. The research dealt with the challenges of the teachers in increasing the learning retention among pupils and possible activities that stimulate the interest of the learners. This research measure the responses measured in getting the frequency, percentage, and weighted mean using formulas to analyze the data gathered. Utilize descriptive design with a survey questionnaire as the research instrument. This research has two sets of respondents the grade school teachers and pupils. <br></p>

Zircon geochronology and paleomagnetism of an Archean harzburgite intrusion, eastern Bighorn Mountains, Wyoming

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-40
Author(s):  
Alexandra Wallenberg ◽  
Michelle Dafov ◽  
David Malone ◽  
John Craddock
Keyword(s):  
Hanging Wall ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Shear Zones ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Zircon Geochronology ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Mafic Complex ◽  
Laramide Orogeny ◽  
Axis Rotation ◽  
Bighorn Mountains

A harzburgite intrusion, which is part of the trailside mafic complex) intrudes ~2900-2950 Ma gneisses in the hanging wall of the Laramide Bighorn uplift west of Buffalo, Wyoming. The harzburgite is composed of pristine orthopyroxene (bronzite), clinopyroxene, serpentine after olivine and accessory magnetite-serpentinite seams, and strike-slip striated shear zones. The harzburgite is crosscut by a hydrothermally altered wehrlite dike (N20°E, 90°, 1 meter wide) with no zircons recovered. Zircons from the harzburgite reveal two ages: 1) a younger set that has a concordia upper intercept age of 2908±6 Ma and a weighted mean age of 2909.5±6.1 Ma; and 2) an older set that has a concordia upper intercept age of 2934.1±8.9 Ma and a weighted mean age 2940.5±5.8 Ma. Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) was used as a proxy for magmatic intrusion and the harzburgite preserves a sub-horizontal Kmax fabric (n=18) suggesting lateral intrusion. Alternating Field (AF) demagnetization for the harzburgite yielded a paleopole of 177.7 longitude, -14.4 latitude. The AF paleopole for the wehrlite dike has a vertical (90°) inclination suggesting intrusion at high latitude. The wehrlite dike preserves a Kmax fabric (n=19) that plots along the great circle of the dike and is difficult to interpret. The harzburgite has a two-component magnetization preserved that indicates a younger Cretaceous chemical overprint that may indicate a 90° clockwise vertical axis rotation of the Clear Creek thrust hanging wall, a range-bounding east-directed thrust fault that accommodated uplift of Bighorn Mountains during the Eocene Laramide Orogeny.

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