Change in the density of the dispersion medium in a solid-adsorbed water - liquid system. Calculation of the adsorption characteristics of dispersed systems

1974 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 1192-1198 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. P. Olodovskii
Keyword(s):  
Dispersion Medium ◽  
Adsorbed Water ◽  
Liquid System ◽  
Dispersed Systems ◽  
Adsorption Characteristics ◽  
System Calculation

Cement-free refractory concretes. Part 10. Rheological aspect of technology

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-33
Author(s):  
Yu. E. Pivinskii
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Concentration Dependence ◽  
Rheological Behavior ◽  
Dispersion Medium ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Dispersed Systems ◽  
Determining Factor

The features of the rheological behavior of CFRC matrix systems are considered as highly concentrated dispersed systems. They are characterized by a dilatative, thixotropic and thixotropic-dilatant nature of the flow, depending on the composition, concentration, dispersion, and a number of other factors. The equation of the concentration dependence of the viscosity of suspensions (Pivinskii equation) is proposed. It is shown that the determining factor is the content of a kinetically free dispersion medium in them. The effect of the content of grain aggregate on the rheological properties of foundry systems is characterized. The significant effect of polydispersity of the particles of the solid phase and the temperature on the rheological properties of the HCBS with the dilatant nature of the flow is shown. The data on the effect of defloculation and stabilization of matrix systems on their rheological properties, which determine the reeterological properties of molding systems to obtain CFRC. Ill. 13. Ref. 50. 

scholarly journals Comparison of Water Adsorption Characteristics of Oligo and Polysaccharides of α-Glucose Studied by Near Infrared Spectroscopy

2014 ◽  
Vol 1035 ◽  
pp. 476-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred A. Christy
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Adsorbed Water ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Hydrogen Bond Formation ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Adsorption Characteristics ◽  
Near Infrared Spectra ◽  
Adsorption Of Water ◽  
Ethereal Oxygen ◽  
Combination Frequencies

The adsorption properties of water molecules on oligo and polysaccharides are attributed to the OH groups of the glucose rings in the molecules. The water molecules are adsorbed onto OH groups by hydrogen bond formation. Near infrared spectroscopic and gravimetric techniques were used in analysing the adsorption characteristics of malto-oligosaccharides and some polysaccharides. Near infrared spectra of the dry oligo and polysaccharides were acquired during the adsorption of water molecules at a relative humidity of 50-55%. The amounts of water adsorbed by the samples were also recorded by an analytical balance. Second derivative techniques were used in decomposing the OH combination frequencies of the adsorbed water molecules in the region 5300-5000 cm -1.The results indicate that the water molecules are adsorbed on to C2 and C3-OH groups at a higher rate compared to the adsorption onto C1-OH groups in the molecules. Adsorption also takes place onto the ethereal oxygen atoms in the glucose rings in malto-oligosaccarides. The gravimetric results show that the adsorption of water molecules increases with the number of glucose units in the malto-oligosaccharides except maltotriose which has the highest adsorption over a period of 75 minutes. Furthermore, the adsorption characteristics of amylose and amylopectin are similar.

scholarly journals Formation of structure of disperse systems in non-equilibrium state under conditions of combination of two types of cavitation effects

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
M. A. Taleysnik ◽  
L. M. Aksenova ◽  
A. I. Akimov ◽  
I. I. Mizinchikova ◽  
M. A. Pesterev
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium State ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Liquid System ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Dispersed Systems ◽  
Energy Flows ◽  
Liquid Systems ◽  
Confectionery Products ◽  
Non Equilibrium

The description of the existing method for producing invert syrup in stages in a large volume under the conditions of using one type of energy flow is given. The purpose of this work is to develop the principles of transition from macrostatic equilibrium to the development of each microstatic volume of liquid dispersed systems in the process of their production in a non-equilibrium state created by the combination of two types of cavitation effects: hydrodynamic and acoustic effects. The properties of dispersed systems are described and the object of research is invert syrup with the amount of dry 80% and reducing 79-80% substances. Invert syrup with 100% inversion of sucrose to glucose and fructose is widely used in the production of flour confectionery and a number of pastille and marmalade products. The principles of formation of aggregates from sucrose molecules at the stage of sugar dissolution, the formation of voids and the nucleation of gas phase bubbles are established. The conditions for creating a non-equilibrium state of syrup under the conditions of using two types of energy flows, by combining hydrodynamic and acoustic cavitation, are considered. The character of the transformation of the state of bubbles under conditions of changing the flow geometry of gas-liquid systems and the excitation of sound vibrations in them is shown. The mechanism of structure formation of a gas-liquid system under the influence of acoustic vibrations on the structure is described. The character of transformation of highly concentrated gas-liquid systems after the collapse of gas phase bubbles is shown, which was the determining factor in the formation of new types of materials. The practical output of this work was the creation of invert syrup with 100% fructose and glucose content in dry substances. Preparation of an emulsion for flour confectionery products and marmalade based on fresh fruits and vegetables. The effectiveness of combining two types of cavitation exposure opens up the prospect of creating new types of confectionery products with fundamentally new properties, while preserving native vitamins and nutrients.

Hydrated form of some clay minerals observed using a film sealed environmental cell

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-73
Author(s):  
N. Kohyama ◽  
K. Fukushima ◽  
A. Fukami
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Carbon Film ◽  
Electron Microscopic Observation ◽  
Adsorbed Water ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Hydrated Form ◽  
Thin Carbon ◽  
Environmental Cell ◽  
Thin Carbon Film

Since the interlayer or adsorbed water of some clay minerals are quite easily dehydrated in dried air, in vacuum, or at moderate temperatures even in the atmosphere, the hydrated forms have not been observed by a conventional electron microscope(TEM). Recently, specific specimen chambers, “environmental cells(E.C.),” have been developed and confirmed to be effective for electron microscopic observation of wet specimen without dehydration. we observed hydrated forms of some clay minerals and their morphological changes by dehydration using a TEM equipped with an E.C..The E.C., equipped with a single hole copper-microgrid sealed by thin carbon-film, attaches to a TEM(JEM 7A) with an accelerating voltage 100KV and both gas pressure (from 760 Torr to vacuum) and relative humidity can be controlled. The samples collected from various localities in Japan were; tubular halloysite (l0Å) from Gumma Prefecture, sperical halloysite (l0Å) from Tochigi Pref., and intermediate halloysite containing both tubular and spherical types from Fukushima Pref..

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