Does critical swimming velocity represent exercise intensity at maximal lactate steady state?

1993 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kohji Wakayoshi ◽  
Takayoshi Yoshida ◽  
Masao Udo ◽  
Takashi Harada ◽  
Toshio Moritani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Swimming Velocity ◽  
Maximal Lactate Steady State ◽  
Critical Swimming Velocity

Maximal lactate steady state declines during the aging process

2003 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 2576-2582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig O. Mattern ◽  
Margaret J. Gutilla ◽  
Darrin L. Bright ◽  
Timothy E. Kirby ◽  
Kenneth W. Hinchcliff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Type I ◽  
Training Intensity ◽  
Maximal Lactate Steady State ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Competitive Cyclists ◽  
Age Related Changes

Increased participation of aged individuals in athletics warrants basic research focused on delineating age-related changes in performance variables. On the basis of potential age-related declines in aerobic enzyme activities and a shift in the expression of myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms, we hypothesized that maximal lactate steady-state (MLSS) exercise intensity would be altered as a function of age. Three age groups [young athletes (YA), 25.9 ± 1.0 yr, middle-age athletes (MA), 43.2 ± 1.0 yr, and older athletes (OA), 64.6 ± 2.7 yr] of male, competitive cyclists and triathletes matched for training intensity and duration were studied. Subjects performed a maximal O2 consumption (V̇o2 max) test followed by a series of 30-min exercise trials to determine MLSS. A muscle biopsy of the vastus lateralis was procured on a separate visit. There were differences ( P < 0.05) in V̇o2 max among all age groups (YA = 67.7 ± 1.2 ml · kg-1 · min-1, MA = 56.0 ± 2.6 ml · kg-1 · min-1, OA = 47.0 ± 2.6 ml · kg-1 · min-1). When expressed as a percentage of V̇o2 max, there was also an age-related decrease ( P < 0.05) in the relative MLSS exercise intensity (YA = 80.8 ± 0.9%, MA = 76.1 ± 1.4%, OA = 69.9 ± 1.5%). There were no significant age-related changes in citrate synthase activity or MHC isoform profile. The hypothesis is supported as there is an age-related decline in MLSS exercise intensity in athletes matched for training intensity and duration. Although type I MHC isoform, combined with age, is helpful in predicting ( r = 0.76, P < 0.05) relative MLSS intensity, it does not explain the age-related decline in MLSS.

Does a 3-Minute All-Out Test Provide Suitable Measures of Exercise Intensity at the Maximal Lactate Steady State or Peak Oxygen Uptake for Well-Trained Runners?

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 805-810
Author(s):  
Billy Sperlich ◽  
Christoph Zinner ◽  
David Trenk ◽  
Hans-Christer Holmberg
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Maximal Lactate Steady State ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Ramp Test ◽  
Trained Runners ◽  
Suitable Measure

Purpose:To examine whether a 3-min all-out test can be used to obtain accurate values for the maximal lactate steady state (vMLSS) and/or peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) of well-trained runners.Methods:The 15 male volunteers (25 ± 5 y, 181 ± 6 cm, 76 ± 7 kg, VO2peak 69.3 ± 9.5 mL · kg−1 · min−1) performed a ramp test, a 3-min all-out test, and several submaximal 30-min runs at constant paces of vEND (mean velocity during the last 30 s of the 3-min all-out test) itself and vEND +0.2, +0.1, –0.1, –0.2, –0.3, or –0.4 m/s.Results:vMLSS and vEND were correlated (r = .69, P = .004), although vMLSS was lower (mean difference: 0.26 ± 0.32 m/s, 95% CI –.44 to –.08 m/s, P = .007, effect size = 0.65). The VO2peak values derived from the ramp and 3-min all-out tests were not correlated (r = .41, P = .12), with a mean difference of 523 ± 1002 mL (95% CI –31 to 1077 mL).Conclusion:A 3-min all-out test does not provide a suitable measure of vMLSS or VO2peak for well-trained runners.

Exercise above the maximal lactate steady state does not elicit a VO2 slow component that leads to attainment of VO2max

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Hill ◽  
Brian Keith McFarlin ◽  
Jakob L. Vingren
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Steady State ◽  
University Students ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Slow Component ◽  
Primary Phase ◽  
Maximal Lactate Steady State ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Severe Intensity

There is a pervasive belief that the severe intensity domain is defined as work rates above the power associated with a maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) and by a VO2 response that demonstrates a rapid increase (primary phase) followed by a slower increase (slow component), which leads to VO2max if exercise is continued long enough. Fifteen university students performed five to seven tests to calculate power at MLSS (154 ± 29 W). The tests included 30 minutes of exercise at each of three work rates: (i) below (–2 ± 1 W) power at MLSS, (ii) above (+4 ± 1 W) the power at MLSS, and (iii) well above (+19 ± 8 W) power at MLSS. The VO2 response in each test was described using mathematical modeling. Contrary to expectation, the response at the supra-MLSS work rates had not two, but three, distinct phases: the primary phase and the slow component, plus a “delayed” third phase, which emerged after ~15 minutes. VO2max was not attained at supra-MLSS work rates. These results challenge commonly held beliefs about definitions and descriptions of exercise intensity domains. Novelty • the VO2 response at work rates that are too high to sustain a lactate steady state but not high enough to elicit VO2max features not two, but three, distinct phases • there is not consensus whether intensity domains should be defined by their boundaries or by the responses they engender

scholarly journals Can an Incremental Step Test Be Used for Maximal Lactate Steady State Determination in Swimming? Clues for Practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 477
Author(s):  
Mário C. Espada ◽  
Francisco B. Alves ◽  
Dália Curto ◽  
Cátia C. Ferreira ◽  
Fernando J. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Swimming Velocity ◽  
Maximal Lactate Steady State ◽  
Front Crawl ◽  
Incremental Step

We aimed to compare the velocity, physiological responses, and stroke mechanics between the lactate parameters determined in an incremental step test (IST) and maximal lactate steady state (MLSS). Fourteen well-trained male swimmers (16.8 ± 2.8 years) were timed for 400 m and 200 m (T200). Afterwards, a 7 × 200-m front-crawl IST was performed. Swimming velocity, heart rate (HR), blood lactate concentration (BLC), stroke mechanics, and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured throughout the IST and in the 30-min continuous test (CT) bouts for MLSS determination. Swimming velocities at lactate threshold determined with log-log methodology (1.34 ± 0.06 m∙s−1) and Dmax methodology (1.40 ± 0.06 m∙s−1); and also, the velocity at BLC of 4 mmol∙L−1 (1.36 ± 0.07) were not significantly different from MLSSv, however, Bland–Altman analysis showed wide limits of agreement and the concordance correlation coefficient showed poor strength of agreement between the aforementioned parameters which precludes their interchangeable use. Stroke mechanics, HR, RPE, and BLC in MLSSv were not significantly different from the fourth repetition of IST (85% of T200), which by itself can provide useful support to daily practice of well-trained swimmers. Nevertheless, the determination of MLSSv, based on a CT, remains more accurate for exercise evaluation and prescription.

scholarly journals Aerobic Fitness Evaluation during Walking Tests Identifies the Maximal Lactate Steady State

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Morais Puga ◽  
Eduardo Kokubun ◽  
Herbert Gustavo Simões ◽  
Fabio Yuzo Nakamura ◽  
Carmen Sílvia Grubert Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Maximal Lactate Steady State ◽  
Constant Intensity ◽  
Walking Test ◽  
Fitness Evaluation ◽  
Lm Tests ◽  
Lactate Minimum ◽  
Polynomial Modeling ◽  
Walking Tests

Objective. The aim of this study was to verify the possibility of lactate minimum (LM) determination during a walking test and the validity of such LM protocol on predicting the maximal lactate steady-state (MLSS) intensity.Design. Eleven healthy subjects ( yr;  kg;  cm) performed LM tests on a treadmill, consisting of walking at 5.5  and with 20–22% of inclination until voluntary exhaustion to induce metabolic acidosis. After 7 minutes of recovery the participants performed an incremental test starting at 7% incline with increments of 2% at each 3 minutes until exhaustion. A polynomial modeling approach (LMp) and a visual inspection (LMv) were used to identify the LM as the exercise intensity associated to the lowest [bLac] during the test. Participants also underwent to 2–4 constant intensity tests of 30 minutes to determine the MLSS intensity.Results. There were no differences among LMv (%), LMp (%), and MLSS (%) and the Bland and Altman plots evidenced acceptable agreement between them.Conclusion. It was possible to identify the LM during walking tests with intensity imposed by treadmill inclination, and it seemed to be valid on identifying the exercise intensity associated to the MLSS.

Heart Rate-based Lactate Minimum Test in Running and Cycling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Perret ◽  
Kathrin Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Exercise Test ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Maximal Lactate Steady State ◽  
Lactate Minimum

AbstractThe heart rate-based lactate minimum test is a highly reproducible exercise test. However, the relation between lactate minimum determined by this test and maximal lactate steady state in running and cycling is still unclear. Twelve endurance-trained men performed this test in running and cycling. Exercise intensity at maximal lactate steady state was determined by performing several constant heart rate endurance tests for both exercise modes. Heart rate, power output, lactate concentration, oxygen uptake and rating of perceived exertion at lactate minimum, maximal lactate steady state and maximal performance were analysed. All parameters were significantly higher at maximal lactate steady state compared to lactate minimum for running and cycling. Significant correlations (p<0.05) between maximal lactate steady state and lactate minimum data were found. Peak heart rate and peak oxygen uptake were significantly higher for running versus cycling. Nevertheless, the exercise mode had no influence on relative (in percentage of maximal values) heart rate at lactate minimum (p=0.099) in contrast to relative power output (p=0.002). In conclusion, all measured parameters at lactate minimum were significantly lower but highly correlated with values at maximal lactate steady state in running and cycling, which allows to roughly estimate exercise intensity at maximal lactate steady state with one single exercise test.

Determination of the exercise intensity corresponding with maximal lactate steady state in high-level basketball players

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiota Dragonea ◽  
Emmanuil Zacharakis ◽  
Stylianos Kounalakis ◽  
Nikolaos Kostopoulos ◽  
Theodoros Bolatoglou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Maximal Lactate Steady State ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
High Level

Exercise slightly above the maximal lactate steady state reduces self-efficacy and increases negative affect

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Graeme Wrightson ◽  
Louis Passfield
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Maximal Lactate Steady State

Objectives: To examine the effect of exercise at and slightly above the maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) on self-efficacy, affect and effort, and their associations with exercise tolerance.Design: Counterbalanced, repeated measures designMethod: Participants performed two 30‐minute constant‐load cycling exercise at a power output equal to that at MLSS and 10 W above MLSS, immediately followed by a time‐to‐exhaustion test at 80% of their peak power output. Self-efficacy, affect and effort were measured before and after 30 minutes of cycling at and above MLSS.Results: Negative affect and effort higher, and self-efficacy and time to exhaustion were reduced, following cycling at MLSS + 10 W compared to cycling at the MLSS. Following exercise at the MLSS self-efficacy, affect and effort were all associated with subsequent time-to exhaustion. However, following exercise at MLSS + 10 W, only affect was associated with time-to exhaustion. Conclusions: Self efficacy, affect and effort are profoundly affected by physiological state, highlighting the influence of somatic states on perceptions and emotions during exercise. The affective response to exercise appears to be associated with exercise tolerance, indicating that the emotional, as well as physiological, responses should be considered when prescribing exercise training.

Ramp vs. step tests: valid alternatives to determine the maximal lactate steady-state intensity?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Caen ◽  
Silvia Pogliaghi ◽  
Maarten Lievens ◽  
Kobe Vermeire ◽  
Jan G. Bourgois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Maximal Lactate Steady State
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