Identification of the heat transfer coefficient in pipeline transport of high-viscosity readily congealing oils

1993 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 1161-1167
Author(s):  
A. U. Yevseyeva
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Pipeline Transport ◽  
The Heat Transfer Coefficient

scholarly journals Analysis of the main parameters of crude oil pipeline transport

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-90
Author(s):  
Jasna Tolmac ◽  
Slavica Prvulovic ◽  
Marija Nedic ◽  
Dragisa Tolmac
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Pipeline Transport ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
The Heat Transfer Coefficient

The paper presents results of experimental research and simulation of the main parameters of crude oil pipeline transport. In Serbia, 70 % of the produced oil belongs to a paraffin type, of which over 25 % has a high content of paraffin. High-content paraffin oil usually has a high pour point. The paraffin content in crude oil from Vojvodina, Serbia, is in the range 7.5 to 26 %, and the oil pour temperature varies from 18 to 36?C. The imported crude oil has a flow point max. 8?C. Homogenization, i.e. mixing of domestic and imported crude oil, improves the transport properties and decreases the pour point. After homogenization, the crude oil is pre-heated, and then transported by a pipeline to the refinery for further processing. Heating induces modification of crude oil physical properties, especially flow properties so to prevent wax formation within the oil pipeline. The aim of this paper was to determine operating parameters and flow characteristics for a particular oil pipeline (428 mm inner diameter, 91,000 m length) under real operating conditions. By heating in the range of 20 - 50?C, the viscosity of crude oil was reduced, approaching the viscosity of water. The pipeline is isolated (100 mm thick isolation) and buried into in the ground (1 m depth). It is found that the heat transfer coefficient has a dominant influence on the cooling rate of the oil in the pipeline. The heat transfer coefficient is mainly determined by the isolation thickness so that it was determined as 0.60 W m-2 K-1 for + 100 mm thickness, while it was 2.20 W m-2 K-1 for the non-isolated pipeline. Heat losses through the main pipeline ranged from 36 - 110 kJ m-1 h-1 (10 - 30 W m-1). The difference between the starting and the ending temperature of crude oil ranged from 10 to 12?C. Such a decrease of ?t = 10 oC and, consequently, the increase in viscosity induced a noti-ceable increase in the pressure drop and pump power by 3 to 4 %, at the maximum flowrate of 0.194 m3 s-1 (700 m3 h-1). The cooling rate during transportation under stationary thermal and hydraulic conditions is in the range 0.52 ? 0.5 oC h-1. In the case of domestic oil (Vojvodina, Serbia) transport, the downtime should not exceed 24 h, since stopping and cooling of the oil would result in formation of solid paraffin particles followed by oil gelation.

Evaporation of lignin-lean black liquor

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 441-450
Author(s):  
HENRIK WALLMO, ◽  
ULF ANDERSSON ◽  
MATHIAS GOURDON ◽  
MARTIN WIMBY
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Solubility Limit ◽  
Lignin Removal ◽  
Kraft Black Liquor ◽  
Black Liquors ◽  
The Heat Transfer Coefficient

Many of the pulp mill biorefinery concepts recently presented include removal of lignin from black liquor. In this work, the aim was to study how the change in liquor chemistry affected the evaporation of kraft black liquor when lignin was removed using the LignoBoost process. Lignin was removed from a softwood kraft black liquor and four different black liquors were studied: one reference black liquor (with no lignin extracted); two ligninlean black liquors with a lignin removal rate of 5.5% and 21%, respectively; and one liquor with maximum lignin removal of 60%. Evaporation tests were carried out at the research evaporator in Chalmers University of Technology. Studied parameters were liquor viscosity, boiling point rise, heat transfer coefficient, scaling propensity, changes in liquor chemical composition, and tube incrustation. It was found that the solubility limit for incrustation changed towards lower dry solids for the lignin-lean black liquors due to an increased salt content. The scaling obtained on the tubes was easily cleaned with thin liquor at 105°C. It was also shown that the liquor viscosity decreased exponentially with increased lignin outtake and hence, the heat transfer coefficient increased with increased lignin outtake. Long term tests, operated about 6 percentage dry solids units above the solubility limit for incrustation for all liquors, showed that the heat transfer coefficient increased from 650 W/m2K for the reference liquor to 1500 W/m2K for the liquor with highest lignin separation degree, 60%.

scholarly journals Systematic heat transfer measurements in highly viscous binary fluids

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann-Christin Fleer ◽  
Markus Richter ◽  
Roland Span
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Volatile Component ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
The Heat Transfer Coefficient

AbstractInvestigations of flow boiling in highly viscous fluids show that heat transfer mechanisms in such fluids are different from those in fluids of low viscosity like refrigerants or water. To gain a better understanding, a modified standard apparatus was developed; it was specifically designed for fluids of high viscosity up to 1000 Pa∙s and enables heat transfer measurements with a single horizontal test tube over a wide range of heat fluxes. Here, we present measurements of the heat transfer coefficient at pool boiling conditions in highly viscous binary mixtures of three different polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS) and n-pentane, which is the volatile component in the mixture. Systematic measurements were carried out to investigate pool boiling in mixtures with a focus on the temperature, the viscosity of the non-volatile component and the fraction of the volatile component on the heat transfer coefficient. Furthermore, copper test tubes with polished and sanded surfaces were used to evaluate the influence of the surface structure on the heat transfer coefficient. The results show that viscosity and composition of the mixture have the strongest effect on the heat transfer coefficient in highly viscous mixtures, whereby the viscosity of the mixture depends on the base viscosity of the used PDMS, on the concentration of n-pentane in the mixture, and on the temperature. For nucleate boiling, the influence of the surface structure of the test tube is less pronounced than observed in boiling experiments with pure fluids of low viscosity, but the relative enhancement of the heat transfer coefficient is still significant. In particular for mixtures with high concentrations of the volatile component and at high pool temperature, heat transfer coefficients increase with heat flux until they reach a maximum. At further increased heat fluxes the heat transfer coefficients decrease again. Observed temperature differences between heating surface and pool are much larger than for boiling fluids with low viscosity. Temperature differences up to 137 K (for a mixture containing 5% n-pentane by mass at a heat flux of 13.6 kW/m2) were measured.

Test and Analysis on the Heat Transfer Coefficient of the Mixed Plate Heat Exchanger

2014 ◽  
Vol 552 ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Zheng Ming Tong ◽  
Peng Hou ◽  
Gui Hua Qin
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Mixed Mode ◽  
Plate Heat Exchanger ◽  
Plate Heat ◽  
Fitting Method ◽  
Engineering Significance ◽  
The Heat Transfer Coefficient

In this article, we use BR0.3 type plate heat exchanger for experiment,and the heat transfer coefficient of the mixed plate heat exchanger is explored. Through the test platform of plate heat exchanger, a large number of experiments have been done in different mixed mode but the same passageway,and lots experimental data are obtained. By the linear fitting method and the analysis of the data, the main factors which influence the heat transfer coefficient of mixed plate heat exchanger were carried out,and the formula of heat transfer coefficient which fits at any mixed mode plate heat exchanger is obtained, to solve the problem of engineering calculation.The fact , there is no denying that the result which we get has great engineering significance

Identification of three-dimensional transient temperature fields in thick-walled elements using the inverse method

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Jaremkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Inverse Method ◽  
Thermal Stresses ◽  
Computing Time ◽  
Transient Temperature ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
The Heat Transfer Coefficient

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a method of determining the transient temperature of the inner surface of thick-walled elements. The method can be used to determine thermal stresses in pressure elements. Design/methodology/approach An inverse marching method is proposed to determine the transient temperature of the thick-walled element inner surface with high accuracy. Findings Initially, the inverse method was validated computationally. The comparison between the temperatures obtained from the solution for the direct heat conduction problem and the results obtained by means of the proposed inverse method is very satisfactory. Subsequently, the presented method was validated using experimental data. The results obtained from the inverse calculations also gave good results. Originality/value The advantage of the method is the possibility of determining the heat transfer coefficient at a point on the exposed surface based on the local temperature distribution measured on the insulated outer surface. The heat transfer coefficient determined experimentally can be used to calculate thermal stresses in elements with a complex shape. The proposed method can be used in online computer systems to monitor temperature and thermal stresses in thick-walled pressure components because the computing time is very short.

scholarly journals Comparison of Two-Equation Turbulence Models for Prediction of Heat Transfer on Film-Cooled Turbine Blades

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay K. Garg ◽  
Ali A. Ameri
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Film Cooling ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Turbulence Models ◽  
Computer Time ◽  
Suction Surface ◽  
The Heat Transfer Coefficient

A three-dimensional Navier-Stokes code has been used to compute the heat transfer coefficient on two film-cooled turbine blades, namely the VKI rotor with six rows of cooling holes including three rows on the shower head, and the C3X vane with nine rows of holes including five rows on the shower head. Predictions of heat transfer coefficient at the blade surface using three two-equation turbulence models, specifically, Coakley’s q-ω model, Chien’s k-ε model and Wilcox’s k-ω model with Menter’s modifications, have been compared with the experimental data of Camci and Arts (1990) for the VKI rotor, and of Hylton et al. (1988) for the C3X vane along with predictions using the Baldwin-Lomax (B-L) model taken from Garg and Gaugler (1995). It is found that for the cases considered here the two-equation models predict the blade heat transfer somewhat better than the B-L model except immediately downstream of the film-cooling holes on the suction surface of the VKI rotor, and over most of the suction surface of the C3X vane. However, all two-equation models require 40% more computer core than the B-L model for solution, and while the q-ω and k-ε models need 40% more computer time than the B-L model, the k-ω model requires at least 65% more time due to slower rate of convergence. It is found that the heat transfer coefficient exhibits a strong spanwise as well as streamwise variation for both blades and all turbulence models.

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