Interpolation equation of state for water and water vapor

1973 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. V. Zamyshlyaev ◽  
M. G. Menzhulin
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Equation Of State ◽  
Interpolation Equation

A Rational Equation of State for Water and Water Vapor in the Critical Region

1964 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Equation Of State ◽  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Critical Point ◽  
Critical Region ◽  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Parametric Equation ◽  
Enthalpy And Entropy ◽  
Specific Volumes

A parametric equation of state was derived for water and water vapor in the critical region from experimental P-V-T data. It is valid in that part of the critical region encompassed by pressures from 3000 to 4000 psia, specific volumes from 0.0400 to 0.1100 ft3/lb, and temperatures from 698 to 752 deg F. The equation of state satisfies all of the known conditions at the critical point. It also satisfies the conditions along certain of the boundaries which probably separate “supercritical liquid” from “supercritical vapor.” The equation of state, though quite simple in form, is probably superior to any equation heretofore derived for water and water vapor in the critical region. Specifically, the deviations between the measured and computed values of pressure in the large majority of the cases were within three parts in one thousand. This coincides approximately with the overall uncertainty in P-V-T measurements. In view of these factors, the author recommends that the equation be used to derive values for such thermodynamic properties as specific heat at constant pressure, enthalpy, and entropy in the critical region.

Interpolation equation of state for shale and its use for investigating the scabbing rate for strong shock waves

1976 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-177
Author(s):  
S. V. Bobrovskii ◽  
V. M. Gogolev ◽  
B. V. Zamyshlyaev ◽  
V. P. Lozhkina ◽  
V. V. Rasskazov
Keyword(s):  
Equation Of State ◽  
Shock Waves ◽  
Strong Shock ◽  
Interpolation Equation ◽  
Strong Shock Waves

ON THE DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS OF DIFFUSION

1950 ◽  
Vol 28a (4) ◽  
pp. 449-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Babbitt
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equation ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Equation Of State ◽  
Differential Equations ◽  
Dynamical Equation ◽  
Fundamental Equation ◽  
Resistive Force ◽  
Spreading Pressure ◽  
Bet Equation ◽  
Diffusion Of Gases

The fundamental bases of the differential equation of diffusion are examined. From a dynamical equation defining the motion of the gas, an equation of continuity expressing the law of conservation of mass, and an equation of state giving the relation between concentration and pressure, the differential equations are derived for the interdiffusion of two gases, for the diffusion of vapors, and for the diffusion of gases and vapors through solids. For the diffusion of gases through adsorbing solids, the dynamical equation of the flow is obtained by equating the space derivative of the spreading pressure of the adsorbed film to a resistive force equal to the product of the coefficient of resistance and the velocity of the film. The differential equations derived on this assumption agree qualitatively with measurements for the diffusion of gases through metals when the adsorption can be represented by Langmuir's equation. When the adsorption follows the BET equation, qualitative agreement is found with the diffusion of water vapor through hygroscopic materials. It is also shown that Fick's law is not generally valid as the fundamental equation of diffusion.

A perturbed-hard-sphere equation of state for water vapor

1980 ◽  
Vol 4 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 303-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuhiro Nishida ◽  
Masahiro Ohba ◽  
Yasuhiko Arai
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Equation Of State ◽  
Hard Sphere ◽  
Sphere Equation

Study the dynamics of hollow jet formation under vapor outflow from the supercritical state

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
R.Kh. Bolotnova
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Equation Of State ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Cavity Formation ◽  
Supercritical State ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Jet Formation ◽  
Unsteady Process ◽  
Thin Nozzle ◽  
Robinson Equation

The features of the unsteady process of a cavity formation inside the jet at a sudden outflow of water vapor through a thin nozzle from a pressure vessel, initially in a supercritical state, are studied. A numerical study was carried out by using the sonicFoam solver of the OpenFOAM library with the Peng-Robinson equation of state in a two-dimensional axisymmetric approximation. Visualization of the obtained solutions is presented in the form of pictures dynamics for fields of velocities and temperatures. It is shown that the mode of formation and maintenance of the cavity inside the jet is supported more than 100 μs from the beginning of the expiration process.

New Design for a Differentially Pumped Hydration Chamber for a Siemens IA

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 44-45
Author(s):  
R. C. Moretz ◽  
G. G. Hausner ◽  
D. F. Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Water Vapor Pressure ◽  
Biological Materials ◽  
Thin Membrane ◽  
Reliable System ◽  
System A ◽  
Water Films ◽  
Aperture Opening

Electron microscopy and diffraction of biological materials in the hydrated state requires the construction of a chamber in which the water vapor pressure can be maintained at saturation for a given specimen temperature, while minimally affecting the normal vacuum of the remainder of the microscope column. Initial studies with chambers closed by thin membrane windows showed that at the film thicknesses required for electron diffraction at 100 KV the window failure rate was too high to give a reliable system. A single stage, differentially pumped specimen hydration chamber was constructed, consisting of two apertures (70-100μ), which eliminated the necessity of thin membrane windows. This system was used to obtain electron diffraction and electron microscopy of water droplets and thin water films. However, a period of dehydration occurred during initial pumping of the microscope column. Although rehydration occurred within five minutes, biological materials were irreversibly damaged. Another limitation of this system was that the specimen grid was clamped between the apertures, thus limiting the yield of view to the aperture opening.

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