The fate of oocyte nuclear proteins during early development ofXenopus laevis

1982 ◽  
Vol 191 (4) ◽  
pp. 228-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Dreyer ◽  
Elke Scholz ◽  
Peter Hausen ◽  
Brigitte Gl�ser ◽  
Ursula M�ller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Nuclear Proteins ◽  
Oocyte Nuclear Proteins

Differential accumulation of oocyte nuclear proteins by embryonic nuclei of Xenopus

Development ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 829-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Dreyer
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Germinal Vesicle ◽  
Intrinsic Property ◽  
Nuclear Proteins ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Germinal Vesicle Breakdown ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Nuclear Antigens ◽  
Gradual Process ◽  
Oocyte Nuclear Proteins

Oocyte nuclear proteins of Xenopus are distributed into the cytoplasm of the maturing egg after germinal vesicle breakdown. Later they are found in all cell nuclei of the embryo. At early stages of development, different nuclear proteins behave differently. A class of ‘early shifting’ antigens is accumulated by pronuclei and cleavage nuclei, whereas others appear to be excluded from the nuclei at early stages but are shifted into the nuclei at blastula or during and after gastrulation. Accumulation of ‘late-shifting’ nuclear antigens is a gradual process and occurs during a period characteristic of each protein. Multiple artificial pronuclei can be formed after injection of sperm nuclei, erythrocyte nuclei or pure lambda-DNA into unfertilized eggs. The artificial pronuclei accumulate early- but not late-shifting proteins. Early-migrating proteins rapidly accumulate into the germinal vesicle after de novo synthesis in the oocyte, indicating that the efficiency of translocation into nuclei is an intrinsic property of each protein. Artificial extension of the length of the cell cycle before midblastula transition does not lead to accumulation of the late-shifting nuclear antigens investigated.

scholarly journals Recognition of the CDEl motif GTCACATG by mouse nuclear proteins and interference with the early development of the mouse embryo

1991 ◽  
Vol 19 (25) ◽  
pp. 7243-7250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Blangy ◽  
Pierre Léopold ◽  
Frédérique Vidal ◽  
Minoo Rassouizadegan ◽  
Francois Cuzin
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Mouse Embryo ◽  
Nuclear Proteins

Nuclear Proteins during Development: Incorporation of Leucine into Histones of Rainbow Trout during Early Development

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 393-398
Author(s):  
J. R. Trevithick
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Staining Technique ◽  
Cell Suspensions ◽  
Nuclear Proteins

Nuclear histones of embryos of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnerii) were isolated after incubation of cell suspensions with [4,5-3H]leucine. The incorporation of leucine into nuclei at 10 °C was found to occur linearly for 4 h. At all stages examined from very early blastula to [Formula: see text] epiboly, a component identical in mobility to histone I was found when a sensitive staining technique was employed. The relative proportion of histone IIId is higher at early blastula, and decreased by mid-blastula to a level which remains constant relative to other components during the remainder of the stages examined. The major proportion of the leucine incorporated into histones is found at all stages in histones IIb1 and IIb2, but as development occurs, the relative proportion of incorporation into histone IV increases until at [Formula: see text] epiboly, it is almost equal to either histone IIb1 or IIb2.

scholarly journals Differential nuclear import sets the timing of protein access to the embryonic genome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thao Nguyen ◽  
Eli Costa ◽  
Tim Deibert ◽  
Jose Reyes ◽  
Felix Keber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
Gene Activation ◽  
Nuclear Proteins ◽  
Control Of Gene Expression ◽  
Embryonic Genome ◽  
Regulatory Cascades ◽  
Protein Entry ◽  
Nuclear Proteome

The development of a fertilized egg to an embryo requires the proper temporal control of gene expression. During cell differentiation, timing is often controlled via cascades of transcription factors (TFs). However, in early development, transcription is often inactive, and many TF levels are constant, suggesting that unknown mechanisms govern the observed rapid and ordered onset of gene expression. Here, we find that in early embryonic development, access of maternally deposited nuclear proteins to the genome is temporally ordered via importin affinities, thereby timing the expression of downstream targets. We quantify changes in the nuclear proteome during early development and find that nuclear proteins, such as TFs and RNA polymerases, enter nuclei sequentially. Moreover, we find that the timing of the access of nuclear proteins to the genome corresponds to the timing of downstream gene activation. We show that the affinity of proteins to importin is a major determinant in the timing of protein entry into embryonic nuclei. Thus, we propose a mechanism by which embryos encode the timing of gene expression in early development via biochemical affinities. This process could be critical for embryos to organize themselves before deploying the regulatory cascades that control cell identities.

Immunolocalization of three oocyte nuclear proteins during oogenesis and embryogenesis in Pleurodeles

Development ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-728
Author(s):  
C. Abbadie ◽  
D. Boucher ◽  
J. Charlemagne ◽  
J.C. Lacroix
Keyword(s):  
Adult Development ◽  
Nuclear Proteins ◽  
Oocyte Nucleus ◽  
Lampbrush Chromosomes ◽  
Mitotic Chromosomes ◽  
Midblastula Transition ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Young Embryo ◽  
Stock Pile ◽  
Oocyte Nuclear Proteins

The location of three proteins of the oocyte nucleus of Pleurodeles was studied during oogenesis and embryogenesis using monoclonal antibodies A33/22, C3/1 and C36/1. Immunoblotting of two-dimensional gel electrophoregrams of oocyte nuclear proteins showed that these antibodies recognized proteins whose relative molecular masses and isoelectric points were 80×103 and 6á4, 175×103 and 5 and 270×103 and 7, respectively. In the oocyte, all three proteins were nucleoplasmic; those revealed by antibodies A33/22 and C36/1 were detected on lampbrush chromosomes: the first one on the RNP matrix of the loops, and the second one on both the loops and the chromomeres. Protein A33/22 was observed in most nuclei during embryonic, larval and adult development, except for the young embryo, before the midblastula transition. The distribution of this protein in the oocyte and its behaviour during development suggest that it might be involved in the packaging of RNAs during transcription. Antibody C3/1 recognized an oocyte nucleoplasmic protein with biochemical and biophysical properties similar to those of protein N1-N2. After oocyte maturation, the protein moved into the cytoplasm of the animal hemisphere and, from fertilization to the midblastula stage, it shifted from the cytoplasm into the nuclei as cell division proceeded. Starting from the gastrula stage, this protein became specific to the endoderm nuclei. After hatching, it was no longer detectable. This behaviour seems to correspond to that of a nuclear protein issued from the maternal stock pile. Protein C36/1 behaved similarly during early development, but remained in most nuclei after neurulation until the adult age, with a pattern similar to that of protein A33/22. In addition, it was present on the mitotic chromosomes. Its association with mitotic as well as lampbrush chromosomes connects it with the DNP fibre proteins.

Individual differences, social attention, and the history of the social motivation hypotheses of autism

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Mundy
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Emotional Development ◽  
Social Motivation ◽  
Social Attention ◽  
Social Emotional Development ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Precise Understanding ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

Abstract The stereotype of people with autism as unresponsive or uninterested in other people was prominent in the 1980s. However, this view of autism has steadily given way to recognition of important individual differences in the social-emotional development of affected people and a more precise understanding of the possible role social motivation has in their early development.

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