Long-term failure of a cylindrically anisotropic viscoelastic material with a crack under a variable load

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 973-979
Author(s):  
A. A. Kaminskii ◽  
S. A. Kekukh
Keyword(s):  
Viscoelastic Material ◽  
Variable Load ◽  
Cylindrically Anisotropic ◽  
Anisotropic Viscoelastic Material

scholarly journals Review of creep modelling for predicting of long-term behavior of glued-laminated bamboo structures

2019 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 01023
Author(s):  
Ngudiyono ◽  
Bambang Suhendro ◽  
Ali Awaludin ◽  
Andreas Triwiyono
Keyword(s):  
Viscoelastic Material ◽  
Load Level ◽  
Variable Load ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Laminated Bamboo ◽  
Creep Analysis ◽  
Orthotropic Properties ◽  
Term Creep ◽  
Long Term Behavior

Glued-laminated bamboo has been widely used to substitute timber as a building material. This material classified as a viscoelastic material because it exhibiting properties that are common to both solid and liquid. Under long-term constant loading, the glued-laminated bamboo structures will experience creep deformation. The mechanical, power law and finite element models are common methods that used to predict the creep for viscoelastic material, some of them have advantages and disadvantages. In this manuscript, modelling of long-term creep is reviewed. The fundamental concepts of creep modelling, the influence of variable load level, and humidity were discussed to develop for computational applications. By using FEA program, a subroutine has been developed by previous researchers to accommodate the effect of orthotropic properties. In the future, the subroutine will be used and developed for numerical creep analysis of glued-laminated bamboo.

scholarly journals Comparison of Variable and Constant Loading for Mesophilic Food Waste Digestion in a Long-Term Experiment

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1279 ◽  
Author(s):  
He Song ◽  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Sigrid Kusch-Brandt ◽  
Charles J. Banks
Keyword(s):  
Food Waste ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Variable Load ◽  
Term Experiment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Long Term Experiment

Operators of commercial anaerobic digestion (AD) plants frequently note the challenge of transferring research results to an industrial setting, especially in matching well-controlled laboratory studies at a constant organic loading rate (OLR) with full-scale digesters subject to day-to-day variation in loadings. This study compared the performance of food waste digesters at fluctuating and constant OLR. In a long-term experiment over nearly three years, variable daily OLR with a range as wide as 0 to 10.0 g VS L−1 day−1 (weekly average 5.0 g VS L−1 day−1) were applied to one laboratory-scale digester, while a pair of control digesters was operated at a constant daily loading of 5.0 g VS L−1 day−1. Different schemes of trace elements (TE) supplementation were also tested to examine how they contributed to process stability. Variable loading had no adverse impact on biogas production or operational stability when 11 TE species were dosed. When TE addition was limited to cobalt and selenium, the stability of the variable-load digester was well maintained for nearly 300 days before the experiment was terminated, while the control digesters required re-supplementation with other TE species to reverse an accumulation of volatile fatty acids. This work demonstrated that variation in daily OLR across quite a wide range of applied loadings is possible with no adverse effects on methane production or stability of food waste digestion, giving confidence in the transferability of research findings. The positive effect of variable OLR on TE requirement requires further investigation considering its practical significance for AD industry.

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