Cortical representation of components of the gastroduodenal complex and role of the vagus nerves in regulation of visceral afferentation

1990 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Bilibin ◽  
O. A. Shevelev ◽  
G. V. Bugorskii
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Representation ◽  
Vagus Nerves ◽  
Gastroduodenal Complex

Control of bile flow in the cholecystectomized dog

1963 ◽  
Vol 204 (5) ◽  
pp. 825-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Fritz ◽  
Frank P. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Bile Flow ◽  
Anticholinergic Drug ◽  
Vagus Nerves ◽  
Intestinal Hormones ◽  
Insulin Hypoglycemia ◽  
Intravenous Insulin ◽  
Bilateral Vagotomy ◽  
The Common ◽  
Choleretic Effect

Rate of flow and composition of bile were measured in three unanesthetized, cholecystectomized dogs. One of these animals and one other dog were also studied after bilateral vagotomy. Bile flow and output of solids were increased by intravenous insulin and feeding. Tolbutamide had a similar choleretic effect. The anticholinergic drug, pipenzolate methylbromide blocked the choleretic effect of insulin. After bilateral vagotomy, the choleretic effect of both feeding and insulin-hypoglycemia was lost. Commercial pancreozymin had a choleretic action which may indicate a role of intestinal hormones in the response to feeding. Intraduodenal injection of hydrochloric acid was followed by an increase in only the volume of bile. Glucagon produced a hydrochloresis and an increase in bilirubin output. The results suggest that normal bile production in the dog after eating may be controlled in part by a mechanism involving the vagus nerves. The data also show that the insulin-hypoglycemia-induced choleresis differs from that of secretin. The composition of hepatic bile obtained from the common duct is consistent with an absorptive function of the ductal epithelium in the dog without a gallbladder.

Right atrium mediates a vasomotor reflex

1981 ◽  
Vol 241 (3) ◽  
pp. R163-R166
Author(s):  
R. F. Munzner ◽  
D. G. Ward ◽  
D. S. Gann
Keyword(s):  
Right Atrium ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Vagus Nerves ◽  
Vascular Responses ◽  
The Right ◽  
Vasomotor Reflex ◽  
Atrial Receptors ◽  
Volume Pulsation

To examine the role of right atrial receptors in mediating reflex vascular responses we measured, in cats anesthetized with chloralose/urethan, changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP) in response to volume pulsation of the right atrium (+/- 1 ml, 1 Hz). Changes in MAP were measured 1) with pressure in the carotid arteries normal and vagus nerves intact: right atrial pulsation led to a very small and transient fall in MAP; 2) with pressure in the carotid arteries at 75 mmHg and the vagus nerves intact: right atrial pulsation led to a larger and sustained fall in MAP; 3) with pressure in the carotid arteries at 75 mmHg and the vagus nerves cooled or sectioned bilaterally: right atrial pulsation of the right atrium led only to a very small and transient fall in MAP. These data suggest strongly that signals from right atrial receptors traveling in the vagus nerves mediate a reflex change in MAP that is normally masked by signals from carotid receptors.

Role of the vagus nerves in neophobia and conditioned-reflex taste aversion

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 678-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. G. Kassil' ◽  
L. A. Vataeva ◽  
G. V. Makukhina
Keyword(s):  
Taste Aversion ◽  
Conditioned Reflex ◽  
Vagus Nerves

Role of the Vagus Nerves in Bronchoconstriction in Humans

CHEST Journal ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 197S-201S ◽  
Author(s):  
Homer A. Boushey
Keyword(s):  
Vagus Nerves

scholarly journals Obtaining and maintaining cortical hand representation as evidenced from acquired and congenital handlessness

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daan B Wesselink ◽  
Fiona MZ van den Heiligenberg ◽  
Naveed Ejaz ◽  
Harriet Dempsey-Jones ◽  
Lucilla Cardinali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Hand Movements ◽  
Similarity Analysis ◽  
Cortical Representation ◽  
Representational Similarity Analysis ◽  
Key Aspects

A key question in neuroscience is how cortical organisation relates to experience. Previously we showed that amputees experiencing highly vivid phantom sensations maintain cortical representation of their missing hand (Kikkert et al., 2016). Here, we examined the role of sensory hand experience on persistent hand representation by studying individuals with acquired and congenital hand loss. We used representational similarity analysis in primary somatosensory and motor cortex during missing and intact hand movements. We found that key aspects of acquired amputees’ missing hand representation persisted, despite varying vividness of phantom sensations. In contrast, missing hand representation of congenital one-handers, who do not experience phantom sensations, was significantly reduced. Across acquired amputees, individuals’ reported motor control over their phantom hand positively correlated with the extent to which their somatosensory hand representation was normally organised. We conclude that once cortical organisation is formed, it is remarkably persistent, despite long-term attenuation of peripheral signals.

scholarly journals Evaluation on the Pharmacological Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine SiJunZiTang on Stress-Induced Peptic Ulcers

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiu-Mei Chen ◽  
Chien-Ying Lee ◽  
Po-Jung Lin ◽  
Chin-Lang Hsieh ◽  
Hung-Che Shih
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Total Acidity ◽  
Peptic Ulcers ◽  
Vagus Nerves ◽  
Cure Rate ◽  
Central Neurotransmitters ◽  
The Brain

Purpose. To explore the effects of SiJunZiTang (SJZT) on central neurotransmitters and the inhibition of HCl hypersecretion, along with the role of the vagus nerve. From this, the effects of SJZT and its constituent ingredients on inhibiting stress-induced peptic ulcers will be determined.Methods. Methods used to determine SJZT's effectiveness included (1) measuring the antipeptic ulcer effects of varying combinations of the constituents of SJZT; (2) evaluations of monoamine (MA) level in the brain; and (3) measuring the effects of longer-term SJZT treatment.Results. Comparing the control and experimental groups where the rats’ vagus nerves were not cut after taking SJZT orally (500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg), the volume of enterogastric juice, free HCl and total acidity all reduce dose-dependently. The group administered SJZT at 1000 mg/kg showed significant reductions (P<0.05). For the experimental groups where the vagus nerves were cut, a comparison with the control group suggests that the group receiving SJZT (500 mg/kg) orally for 21 days demonstrated a cure rate of 34.53%.Conclusion. The results display a correlation between the therapeutic effects of SJZT on stress-induced peptic ulcers and central neurotransmitter levels. Further to this, SJZT can inhibit the hypersecretion of HCl in the stomach, thus inhibiting stress-induced peptic ulcers.

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