Effect of long-term lithium hydroxybutyrate administration on brain levels of serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in rabbits

1989 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 967-969
Author(s):  
A. S. Saratikov ◽  
L. L. Fisanova ◽  
T. A. Zamoshchina ◽  
S. A. Sakharova
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Hydroxybutyrate ◽  
Brain Levels ◽  
Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid

Improved Diagnosis of Carcinoid Tumors by Measurement of Platelet Serotonin

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
I P Kema ◽  
E G de Vries ◽  
A M Schellings ◽  
P E Postmus ◽  
F A Muskiet
Keyword(s):  
Carcinoid Tumors ◽  
Fluorometric Detection ◽  
Complementary Information ◽  
Serotonin Content ◽  
Platelet Serotonin ◽  
Serotonin Secretion ◽  
Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid ◽  
Plasma Serotonin ◽  
Term Monitoring

Abstract Carcinoid patients are diagnosed biochemically on the basis of increased urinary excretion of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA); urinary and platelet serotonin concentrations are considered to provide complementary information. Using established HPLC methods with fluorometric detection, we evaluated the clinical usefulness of measurements of urinary 5-HIAA and urinary, plasma, and platelet serotonin in 30 consecutive patients with histologically proven carcinoid tumors of fore-, mid-, and hindgut origin before treatment. Ten patients showed no signs of serotonin overproduction; 14 had increased concentrations of urinary 5-HIAA and platelet serotonin; and platelet serotonin, but not urinary 5-HIAA, was increased in 6. None had increased urinary 5-HIAA excretion without an increase in platelet serotonin content. In cases with high rates of tumor serotonin secretion, platelet serotonin reached a maximum and did not correlate with serotonin secretion rate, whereas urinary 5-HIAA was correlated. Increased platelet serotonin was correlated with increased plasma serotonin and with occurrence of carcinoid syndrome. Increased urinary serotonin, allegedly caused by increases in circulating 5-hydroxytryptophan, almost invariably coincided with increased platelet serotonin, but not necessarily with above-normal urinary 5-HIAA excretion. From these results and long-term monitoring of three patients during treatment, we conclude that platelet serotonin is more sensitive than urinary 5-HIAA for detecting carcinoids that secrete only small amounts of serotonin.

Effects of catecholamines and ammonia on plasma and brain amino acids in dogs

1984 ◽  
Vol 247 (2) ◽  
pp. E276-E283
Author(s):  
D. R. Strombeck ◽  
D. Harrold ◽  
Q. R. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Hepatic Insufficiency ◽  
Brain Serotonin ◽  
Brain Levels ◽  
Brain Neurotransmitters ◽  
Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid

Investigations were made on the effects of catecholamine (Cat) infusions with and without ammonia (NH3) on plasma and brain amino acids (AA) and brain neurotransmitters in dogs. Groups of four dogs were infused for 5 h with epinephrine (E), epinephrine + norepinephrine (E + NE), epinephrine + norepinephrine with NH3 during h 4 and 5 (E + NE + NH3), epinephrine + norepinephrine + tryptophan with NH3 during h 4 and 5 (T + E + NE + NH3), or saline (C). Cat decreased (P less than 0.05) plasma Gly, Thr, Lys, Pro, Val, Ser, Arg, Leu, Trp, Phe, Asn, Tyr, Met, Ile, Cit, and Asp. The decreases at h 3 for all were to a mean of 45% of 0 h and were associated with no changes in plasma insulin or glucagon. Cat increased plasma Tau and Orn. Of the most abundant brain AA (82% of total), E + NE + NH3 had no effect (GABA, Asp, Gly, Ala, p-ethanolamine) or increased (Glu, Gln, Tau) brain levels. These AA were unchanged by Cat alone. Of the remaining brain AA, most were decreased by Cat (7 of 16, P less than 0.05) and E + NE + NH3 increased brain Trp but had no effect on brain serotonin, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, or NE. Cat changed plasma AA in a way similar to changes produced by NH3 infusion and seen with hepatic insufficiency due to portacaval shunts and nitrosamine-induced pathology. Cat reduced brain AA levels, and this was partially restored by NH3.

scholarly journals Pathway in rat brains under experimental obesity caused long-term progesterone administration

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
A. Aleksandrov ◽  
V. Konopelniuk ◽  
I. Kompanets ◽  
L. Ostapchenko
Keyword(s):  
Rat Brain ◽  
Tryptophan Hydroxylase ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tryptophan Decarboxylase ◽  
Decarboxylase Activity ◽  
Prolonged Administration ◽  
Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid ◽  
The Brain

Obesity is one of the most common complex health problem. The pathway of serotonin synthesis takes part in neuroendocrine regulation, as well as in the regulation of a number of behavioral functions of the body and fat deposition. Serotonin is a mediator of the amine nature, which functions as a neurotransmitter and tissue hormone. The greatest amount of serotonin is synthesized in the brain and 12 duodenum. As a neurotransmitter, serotonin affects both directly and indirectly on the function of most brain cells. Female hormone progesterone influence on serotonin functions. One of the effect of progesterone is increasing of amount of fat tissue during the pregnancy. Long-term using of progesterone in hormone substitution therapy or as part of contraception also lead to fat accumulation effect. The levels of activity of serotonergic system enzymes, tryptophan hydroxylase, tryptophan decarboxylase and monoamine oxidase (MAO), and tryptophan, 5-hydroxytryptophan, serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentrations in the rat brain under obesity conditions caused by prolonged administration of progesterone were determined in this study. Studies have shown that the content of tryptophan, 5-hydroxytryptophan, serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in the brain of rats under obesity caused by prolonged administration of progesterone increased in comparison with the rats of the control group. The levels of tryptophan hydroxylase and MAO activity decreased, and tryptophan decarboxylase activity levels increased in the rat brain under obesity conditions caused by prolonged administration of progesterone. Thus, as a result of our studies, we found an imbalance in the system of serotonin metabolism in the brain of rats with the development of hormonal obesity induced by prolonged administration of progesterone, which may indicate the involvement of the serotonergic neurotransmitter system in the mechanisms of the development of obesity and concomitant diseases.

Long term effects of portocaval anastomosis in rats on brain levels of histamine and methylhistamine

1995 ◽  
Vol 44 (S1) ◽  
pp. S54-S55 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Lozeva ◽  
E. MacDonald ◽  
A. Belcheva ◽  
M. Hippeläinen ◽  
H. Kosunen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Portocaval Anastomosis ◽  
Brain Levels

scholarly journals Early Rearing Conditions Affect Monoamine Metabolite Levels During Baseline and Periods of Social Separation Stress: A Non-human Primate Model (Macaca mulatta)

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth K. Wood ◽  
Natalia Gabrielle ◽  
Jacob Hunter ◽  
Andrea N. Skowbo ◽  
Melanie L. Schwandt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Period ◽  
Primate Model ◽  
Parental Absence ◽  
Lower Baseline ◽  
Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid ◽  
Social Separation Stress ◽  
Parental Input ◽  
Monoamine Metabolite ◽  
Social Separation

A variety of studies show that parental absence early in life leads to deleterious effects on the developing CNS. This is thought to be largely because evolutionary-dependent stimuli are necessary for the appropriate postnatal development of the young brain, an effect sometimes termed the “experience-expectant brain,” with parents providing the necessary input for normative synaptic connections to develop and appropriate neuronal survival to occur. Principal among CNS systems affected by parental input are the monoamine systems. In the present study, N = 434 rhesus monkeys (233 males, 201 females) were reared in one of two conditions: as mother-reared controls (MR; n = 269) or without adults with 24-h access to same-aged peers (PR; n = 165). When subjects were six-months-old, they underwent a separation paradigm involving 4, sequential, four-day social separations from their mothers or peers, with each separation followed by three-day reunions with their mothers or their peers. Prior to the separation paradigm, baseline cisternal CSF samples were obtained, as well as at the end of each the four social separations, and after final separation, during a recovery period. CSF was assayed for concentrations of monoamine metabolites and a blood sample was genotyped for the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) genotype. Replicating earlier landmark findings, PR subjects with the s allele exhibited lower baseline concentrations of the serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), when compared to PR subjects homozygous for the L allele. MR subjects were undifferentiated by genotype. PR subjects exhibited lower CSF 5-HIAA concentrations during baseline, but higher CSF 5-HIAA during social separations, when compared to MR subjects. There were rearing effects for the dopamine metabolite homovanillic acid (HVA) and for the norepinephrine metabolite 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), with PR subjects showing higher HVA and lower MHPG when compared to MR subjects. These findings indicate that there are long-term deficits in the response of monoamines following early maternal absence. The results of this study confirm and extend earlier findings that early parental absence has deleterious consequences for the development of the monoamine systems, and that these consequences are modulated by the 5-HTT genotype.

Prognostic Factors for Survival among Patients with Small Bowel Neuroendocrine Tumours Associated with Mesenteric Desmoplasia

2018 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 366-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faidon Marios Laskaratos ◽  
Leonidas Diamantopoulos ◽  
Martin Walker ◽  
Henry Walton ◽  
Mohamed Khalifa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Bowel ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumours ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Carcinoid Heart Disease ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid ◽  
Small Bowel Neoplasms

Background: Small intestinal neuroendocrine tumours (SI NETs) represent 30–50% of small bowel neoplasms and are often associated with diverse fibrotic complications. Mesenteric fibrosis is a hallmark of SI NETs which may cause substantial morbidity and is considered an adverse feature. However, survival analyses in this group of patients are lacking. Methods: The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the overall survival (OS) and factors affecting prognosis in a large cohort of 147 patients with SI NETs and radiological evidence of mesenteric desmoplasia from our centre. The severity of desmoplasia was graded radiologically and its effect on OS and long-term complications was assessed. The median follow-up period was 82 months. Results: The median OS was 8.7 years (95% CI 6.8–9.9) with an overall 5-year survival of 71%. The univariate analysis demonstrated that an age >65 years, a liver tumour burden >50% of the hepatic parenchyma, carcinoid heart disease, chromogranin A levels >10 times the upper limit of normal, and urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) levels >5 times the upper limit of normal were poor prognosticators, while primary resection was associated with a longer OS. However, only an age >65 years and urinary 5-HIAA levels >10 times the upper limit of normal remained statistically significant after multivariate analysis. The severity of mesenteric desmoplasia did not seem to demonstrate a statistically significant relationship to OS or long-term outcomes. Conclusion: This study is the first comprehensive survival analysis of patients with SI NETs associated with mesenteric desmoplasia and has provided important and clinically relevant epidemiological data for this group of patients.

The Effect of Stress and Starvation on Bratn Serotonin Utilization in Arctic Charr (Salvelinus Alpinus)

1992 ◽  
Vol 165 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
SVANTE WINBERG ◽  
GÖRAN E. NILSSON ◽  
K. HÅKAN OLSÉN
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stem ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Arctic Charr ◽  
Serotonergic Activity ◽  
Brain Levels ◽  
Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid ◽  
Experimental Protocols ◽  
Effects Of Stress ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Starvation Experiment

The effects of stress and starvation on brain levels of serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were studied in Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus). Three experimental protocols were used to elucidate (1) the effect of stress in fish given food, (2) the effect of starvation, and (3) the effect of stress in fish deprived of food. In the stress experiments, fish were stressed three times a day over a four-week period, and in the starvation experiment the fish were starved for a four-week period. Stressed fish, whether given food or not, showed significantly higher concentrations of 5-HIAA, the main 5-HT metabolite, in both the telencephalon and the brain stem. The 5-HIAA/5-HT ratio (an index of serotonergic activity) was also significantly increased in the brain of stressed fish. In the telencephalon of starved fish, the 5-HT concentration was significantly decreased. However, starvation had no effect on 5-HIAA concentrations or 5-HIAA/5-HT ratios in either the telencephalon or the brain stem. These results suggest that stress increases brain serotonergic activity in Arctic charr, while starvation has no effect on the utilization of this transmitter system. It is suggested that stress could be a mediator of the increased 5-HTAA levels and 5-HIAA/5-HT ratios recently observed in low-ranking Arctic charr in a dominance hierarch.

Effect of clonidine on the 5-hydroxytryptamine and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid brain levels

1973 ◽  
Vol 22 (21) ◽  
pp. 2679-2683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Maj ◽  
Leokadia Baran ◽  
Maria Grabowska ◽  
Helena Sowińska
Keyword(s):  
Brain Levels ◽  
Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid

Effect of lithium hydroxybutyrate on serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid levels in the rabbit brain

1986 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Saratikov ◽  
L. L. Fisanova ◽  
T. A. Zamoshchina ◽  
S. A. Sakharova
Keyword(s):  
Rabbit Brain ◽  
Lithium Hydroxybutyrate ◽  
Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid
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