The response of the hierarchical structure of the intervertebral disc to uniaxial compression

1990 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Cassidy ◽  
A. Hiltner ◽  
E. Baer
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Uniaxial Compression ◽  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure

Hierarchical Structure of the Intervertebral Disc

1989 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Cassidy ◽  
A. Hiltner ◽  
E. Baer
Keyword(s):  
Stress Relaxation ◽  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Composite Structure ◽  
Annulus Fibrosus ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Collagen Fibers ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Vertebral Bodies ◽  
Collagenous Tissues

AbstractThe intervertebral disc is a complex hierarchical structure composed of the annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus which are anchored to the vertebral bodies by cartilaginous endplates. The hierarchical structure of the collagenous components of the intervertebral disc is characterized using optical microscope techniques. In the lamellae of the annulus, collagen fibers exhibit a planar crimped morphology similar to that seen in other collagenous tissues. A model of the intervertebral disc has been developed that incorporates the structure of the collagen fibers on the macro- and microscopic scales.Mechanical testing in load-deflection, stress relaxation, and creep modes reveals the response at each level of organization to compression. These mechanical data are analyzed with models that reflect the hierarchical composite structure.

Parafia unicka w Rachaniach do 1811 roku/ The Uniate Parish in Rachanie until 1811

2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz Adam Frykowski
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Holy Communion ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Church ◽  
Ancillary Equipment

AbstractThe following paper depicts the history of Saint Simeon Stylites Uniate Parish in Rachanie since it became known in historical sources until 1811- that is the time it ceased to be an independent church unit. The introduction of the article contains the geographical location of the parish, its size and the position within the hierarchical structure of the Church. Having analysed post-visit inspection protocols left by Chelm Bishops, the appearance as well as fittings and ancillary equipment of the church in Rachanie in that particular period are reported. Moreover, the list of 4 local clergymen is recreated and their benefice is determined. As far as possible, both the number of worshipers and the number of Holy Communion receivers is determined.

Default Logic Models of Certain Inheritance Systems with Exceptions

1993 ◽  
Vol 18 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 129-149
Author(s):  
Serge Garlatti
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Formal Semantics ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Nonmonotonic Reasoning ◽  
Default Logic ◽  
Representation Systems ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Structure Of Knowledge ◽  
Made In

Representation systems based on inheritance networks are founded on the hierarchical structure of knowledge. Such representation is composed of a set of objects and a set of is-a links between nodes. Objects are generally defined by means of a set of properties. An inheritance mechanism enables us to share properties across the hierarchy, called an inheritance graph. It is often difficult, even impossible to define classes by means of a set of necessary and sufficient conditions. For this reason, exceptions must be allowed and they induce nonmonotonic reasoning. Many researchers have used default logic to give them formal semantics and to define sound inferences. In this paper, we propose a survey of the different models of nonmonotonic inheritance systems by means of default logic. A comparison between default theories and inheritance mechanisms is made. In conclusion, the ability of default logic to take some inheritance mechanisms into account is discussed.

scholarly journals Stepwise collapse of a giant pore metal–organic framework

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (14) ◽  
pp. 5011-5022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam F. Sapnik ◽  
Duncan N. Johnstone ◽  
Sean M. Collins ◽  
Giorgio Divitini ◽  
Alice M. Bumstead ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Function ◽  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Pair Distribution Function ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
Defect Engineering ◽  
Structural Collapse ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Organic Framework

Defect engineering is used to augment the porosity of MIL-100. Incorporation of defects leads to structural collapse and ultimately causes amorphisation. Pair distribution function analysis reveals a stepwise collapse of the hierarchical structure.

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