Effect of ganglion nodosum extract on growth of basal cells of the lingual epitheliumin vitro

1986 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 512-513
Author(s):  
F. I. Nadeev ◽  
V. M. Ivanov ◽  
T. L. Zefirov ◽  
Yu. A. Chelyshev
Keyword(s):  
Basal Cells ◽  
Ganglion Nodosum

The structure of the gills of the axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 824-825
Author(s):  
Mohinder S. Jarial
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Ambystoma Mexicanum ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Granular Cells ◽  
Gill Filaments ◽  
Mitotic Figures ◽  
Apical Membranes

The axolotl is a strictly aquatic salamander in which the larval external gills are retained throughout life. The external gills of the adult axolotl have been studied by light and electron microscopy for ultrastructural evidence of ionic transport. The thin epidermis of the gill filaments and gill stems is composed of 3 cell types: granular cells, the basal cells and a sparce population of intervening Leydig cells. The gill epidermis is devoid of muscles, and no mitotic figures were observed in any of its cells.The granular cells cover the gill surface as a continuous layer (Fig. 1, G) and contain secretory granules of different forms, located apically (Figs.1, 2, SG). Some granules are found intimately associated with the apical membrane while others fuse with it and release their contents onto the external surface (Fig. 3). The apical membranes of the granular cells exhibit microvilli which are covered by a PAS+ fuzzy coat, termed “glycocalyx” (Fig. 2, MV).

Formulation, Design and Development of Niosome Based Topical Gel for Skin Cancer

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Hemorrhagic Cystitis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Inversion Method ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Formulation Design ◽  
Topical Gel

Melanoma is the most dangerous type of skin cancer in which mostly damaged unpaired DNA starts mutating abnormally and staged an unprecedented proliferation of epithelial skin to form a malignant tumor. In epidemics of skin, pigment-forming melanocytes of basal cells start depleting and form uneven black or brown moles. Melanoma can further spread all over the body parts and could become hard to detect. In USA Melanoma kills an estimated 10,130 people annually. This challenge can be succumbed by using the certain anti-cancer drug. In this study design, cyclophosphamide were used as a model drug. But it has own limitation like mild to moderate use may cause severe cytopenia, hemorrhagic cystitis, neutropenia, alopecia and GI disturbance. This is a promising challenge, which is caused due to the increasing in plasma drug concentration above therapeutic level and due to no rate limiting steps involved in formulation design. In this study, we tried to modify drug release up to threefold and extended the release of drug by preparing and designing niosome based topical gel. In the presence of Dichloromethane, Span60 and cholesterol, the initial niosomes were prepared using vacuum evaporator. The optimum percentage drug entrapment efficacy, zeta potential, particle size was found to be 72.16%, 6.19mV, 1.67µm.Prepared niosomes were further characterized using TEM analyzer. The optimum batch of niosomes was selected and incorporated into topical gel preparation. Cold inversion method and Poloxamer -188 and HPMC as core polymers, were used to prepare cyclophosphamide niosome based topical gel. The formula was designed using Design expert 7.0.0 software and Box-Behnken Design model was selected. Almost all the evaluation parameters were studied and reported. The MTT shows good % cell growth inhibition by prepared niosome based gel against of A375 cell line. The drug release was extended up to 20th hours. Further as per ICH Q1A (R2), guideline 6 month stability studies were performed. The results were satisfactory and indicating a good formulation approach design was achieved for Melanoma treatment.

Ultrastructure of the basal lamina of bovine ovarian follicles and its relationship to the membrana granulosa

Reproduction ◽  
2000 ◽  
pp. 221-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
HF Irving-Rodgers ◽  
RJ Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
Basal Lamina ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Antral Follicle ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Preantral Follicles ◽  
Antral Follicles ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Innermost Layer

Different morphological phenotypes of follicular basal lamina and of membrana granulosa have been observed. Ten preantral follicles (< 0. 1 mm), and 17 healthy and six atretic antral follicles (0.5-12 mm in diameter) were processed for light and electron microscopy to investigate the relationship the between follicular basal lamina and membrana granulosa. Within each antral follicle, the shape of the basal cells of the membrana granulosa was uniform, and either rounded or columnar. There were equal proportions of follicles </= 4 mm in diameter with columnar basal cells and with rounded basal cells. Larger follicles had only rounded basal cells. Conventional basal laminae of a single layer adjacent to the basal granulosa cells were observed in healthy follicles at the preantral and antral stages. However, at the preantral stage, the conventional types of basal lamina were enlarged or even partially laminated. A second type of basal lamina, described as 'loopy', occurred in about half the preantral follicles and in half the antral follicles </= 4 mm diameter. 'Loopy' basal laminae were not observed in larger follicles. 'Loopy' basal laminae were composed of basal laminae aligning the basal surface of basal granulosa cells, but with additional layers or loops often branching from the innermost layer. Each loop was usually < 1 microm long and had vesicles (20-30 nm) attached to the inner aspect. Basal cellular processes were also common, and vesicles could be seen budding off from these processes. In antral follicles, conventional basal laminae occurred in follicles with rounded basal granulosa cells. Other follicles with columnar cells, and atretic follicles, had the 'loopy' basal lamina phenotype. Thus, follicles have different basal laminae that relate to the morphology of the membrana granulosa.

FEATURES OF FORMATION OF THE MAIN SYSTEMS AND ORGANS IN EARLY LARVAE OF MULLETS (LIZA AURATA, RISSO, 1810)

2017 ◽  
pp. 98-106
Author(s):  
Dariya Aleksandrovna Gavrilova ◽  
Maria Pavlovna Grushko
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Early Ontogeny ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Liza Aurata ◽  
Morphological Organization ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Major Organ ◽  
Well Differentiated

The aim of this work was to study peculiarities of mullet morphological organization during early ontogeny. Sample selection was made on board Caspian research and development Institute of Fisheries’ research vessel in period from June to September, 2015 in Russian waters of the Caspian Sea. Larvae aged 10 days could be characterized by heterochrony in the development of major organ systems. Nervous system and sense organs were well developed. The eyeball had all membranes well-differentiated, in the retina all the layers were formed. The olfactory fossae had cells of 3 types: olfactory receptor cells, supporting cells and basal cells. There was observed intensive formation of respiratory, cardiovascular, excretory and digestive systems. The early development of the nervous system and sensory organs of the larvae indicated adaptation of mullet to active life.

Cytological and Histological Study of Adult and Neonate Epidermis in Thick and Thin Skin of Various Anatomical Sites

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hydar Muhsin Khalfa ◽  
Adnan Albideri ◽  
Haider Salih Jaffat
Keyword(s):  
Histological Study ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Anatomical Site ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Mature Adult ◽  
Skin Development ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Thin Skin

The integumentary system covers the surface of the embryo (skin) and its specialized skin structures including hair, nails, sweat glands, mammary glands and teeth. During fetal skin development, the epidermis changes from a single layer of ectodermal cells at 7–8 days of gestation into a more apparent stratified, keratinized epithelium at 22–24 weeks. The aim of the study is to identify the histological and cytological changes that take place during neonatal and adult epidermis development. Human neonatal and adult samples were obtained from fully informed, consenting parent or releatives from Al-hilla mortary / Iraq. Neonatal samples were obtained from neonates after sudden deaths from maternity wards. Anatomical Sites included abdomen, forehead, back, shoulder and feet sole. A totoal of 15 neonates and 10 mature adults were used for this study. Fresh tissues were sectioned using a freezing cryostat. Tissues were sectioned at 5µm in -24°C and collected on microscopic slides. Slides were allowed to air dry for 30 min prior to hematoxyline and eosin staining. Tissues were also photographed using scanning electron microscopy SEM. Cytological measurements were taken using image j software and data was analysed using graph prism. Various cytological and histological changes takes place during neonatal and adult and epidermis development. Our study shows the stages of fair follicule formation as well as number of nucleated layers present at each stage of development and at different anatomical sites. Major histological changes takes places during the transition frm a neonate to a mature adult including the number of basal cells and epidermal thickness depending on the anatomical site.

scholarly journals Role of Jagged1-mediated Notch Signaling Activation in the Differentiation and Stratification of the Human Limbal Epithelium

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1945
Author(s):  
Sheyla González ◽  
Maximilian Halabi ◽  
David Ju ◽  
Matthew Tsai ◽  
Sophie X. Deng
Keyword(s):  
Notch Signaling ◽  
Progenitor Cell ◽  
Basal Layer ◽  
Notch Signaling Pathway ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Proliferation Markers ◽  
Limbal Epithelium ◽  
Asymmetric Divisions ◽  
Signaling Activation

The Notch signaling pathway plays a key role in proliferation and differentiation. We investigated the effect of Jagged 1 (Jag1)-mediated Notch signaling activation in the human limbal stem/progenitor cell (LSC) population and the stratification of the limbal epithelium in vitro. After Notch signaling activation, there was a reduction in the amount of the stem/progenitor cell population, epithelial stratification, and expression of proliferation markers. There was also an increase of the corneal epithelial differentiation. In the presence of Jag1, asymmetric divisions were decreased, and the expression pattern of the polarity protein Par3, normally present at the apical-lateral membrane of basal cells, was dispersed in the cells. We propose a mechanism in which Notch activation by Jag1 decreases p63 expression at the basal layer, which in turn reduces stratification by decreasing the number of asymmetric divisions and increases differentiation.

scholarly journals Zone-specific damage of the olfactory epithelium under protein restriction

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayinuer Tuerdi ◽  
Shu Kikuta ◽  
Makoto Kinoshita ◽  
Teru Kamogashira ◽  
Kenji Kondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Protein Restriction ◽  
Outer Hair Cells ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Cell Dynamics ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractOxidative stress causes tissue damage, affecting age-related pathologies. Protein restriction (PR) provides a powerful intervention strategy for reducing oxidative stress, which may have a positive effect on individual organs. However, it is unknown whether PR intervention influences the olfactory system. Here, we investigated how 10 months of PR could affect the cell dynamics of the olfactory epithelium (OE) in mice. We found that PR reduced age-related loss of outer hair cells in the cochlea, providing preventive effects against age-related hearing loss. In contrast, PR resulted in reduced mature olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), increased proliferative basal cells, and increased apoptotic OSNs in zone 1 (the only area containing neurons expressing NQO1 [quinone dehydrogenase 1]) of the OE in comparison with animals given a control diet. Substantial oxidative stress occurred in NQO1-positive cells and induced apoptotic OSNs in zone 1. These results indicate that in contrast to the positive effect on the auditory system, PR induces oxidative stress and structurally and functionally negative effects on OSNs in zone 1, which is probably involved in the bioactivation of NQO1.

scholarly journals Extracellular vesicles from human airway basal cells respond to cigarette smoke extract and affect vascular endothelial cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish Saxena ◽  
Matthew S. Walters ◽  
Jae-Hung Shieh ◽  
Ling-Bo Shen ◽  
Kazunori Gomi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Basal Cell ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Cigarette Smoke Extract ◽  
Vegf Receptor ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Human Airway

AbstractThe human airway epithelium lining the bronchial tree contains basal cells that proliferate, differentiate, and communicate with other components of their microenvironment. One method that cells use for intercellular communication involves the secretion of exosomes and other extracellular vesicles (EVs). We isolated exosome-enriched EVs that were produced from an immortalized human airway basal cell line (BCi-NS1.1) and found that their secretion is increased by exposure to cigarette smoke extract, suggesting that this stress stimulates release of EVs which could affect signaling to other cells. We have previously shown that primary human airway basal cells secrete vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) which can activate MAPK signaling cascades in endothelial cells via VEGF receptor–2 (VEGFR2). Here, we show that exposure of endothelial cells to exosome-enriched airway basal cell EVs promotes the survival of these cells and that this effect also involves VEGFR2 activation and is, at least in part, mediated by VEGFA present in the EVs. These observations demonstrate that EVs are involved in the intercellular signaling between airway basal cells and the endothelium which we previously reported. The downstream signaling pathways involved may be distinct and specific to the EVs, however, as increased phosphorylation of Akt, STAT3, p44/42 MAPK, and p38 MAPK was not seen following exposure of endothelial cells to airway basal cell EVs.

scholarly journals Acidified Nitrite Accelerates Wound Healing in Type 2 Diabetic Male Rats: A Histological and Stereological Evaluation

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1872
Author(s):  
Hamideh Afzali ◽  
Mohammad Khaksari ◽  
Sajad Jeddi ◽  
Khosrow Kashfi ◽  
Mohammad-Amin Abdollahifar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Numerical Density ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Diabetic Wound Healing ◽  
Diabetic Wounds ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

Impaired skin nitric oxide production contributes to delayed wound healing in type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study aims to determine improved wound healing mechanisms by acidified nitrite (AN) in rats with T2D. Wistar rats were assigned to four subgroups: Untreated control, AN-treated control, untreated diabetes, and AN-treated diabetes. AN was applied daily from day 3 to day 28 after wounding. On days 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28, the wound levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were measured, and histological and stereological evaluations were performed. AN in diabetic rats increased the numerical density of basal cells (1070 ± 15.2 vs. 936.6 ± 37.5/mm3) and epidermal thickness (58.5 ± 3.5 vs. 44.3 ± 3.4 μm) (all p < 0.05); The dermis total volume and numerical density of fibroblasts at days 14, 21, and 28 were also higher (all p < 0.05). The VEGF levels were increased in the treated diabetic wounds at days 7 and 14, as was the total volume of fibrous tissue and hydroxyproline content at days 14 and 21 (all p < 0.05). AN improved diabetic wound healing by accelerating the dermis reconstruction, neovascularization, and collagen deposition.

scholarly journals Persistent Human Papillomavirus Infection

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 321
Author(s):  
Ashley N. Della Fera ◽  
Alix Warburton ◽  
Tami L. Coursey ◽  
Simran Khurana ◽  
Alison A. McBride
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Dna Replication ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Viral Dna ◽  
Viral Dna Replication ◽  
Viral Genomes ◽  
Cellular Environment ◽  
E6 And E7 ◽  
Cellular Replication

Persistent infection with oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) types is responsible for ~5% of human cancers. The HPV infectious cycle can sustain long-term infection in stratified epithelia because viral DNA is maintained as low copy number extrachromosomal plasmids in the dividing basal cells of a lesion, while progeny viral genomes are amplified to large numbers in differentiated superficial cells. The viral E1 and E2 proteins initiate viral DNA replication and maintain and partition viral genomes, in concert with the cellular replication machinery. Additionally, the E5, E6, and E7 proteins are required to evade host immune responses and to produce a cellular environment that supports viral DNA replication. An unfortunate consequence of the manipulation of cellular proliferation and differentiation is that cells become at high risk for carcinogenesis.

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