Determination of the coefficient of linear expansion of the material of the reference vessel of a gas thermometer

1981 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 995-996
Author(s):  
Ya. S. Agranovich
Keyword(s):  
Linear Expansion ◽  
Coefficient Of Linear Expansion

Dilatometric Determination of Polymer Compatibility

1963 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 668-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Bartenev ◽  
G. S. Kongarov
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Error ◽  
Linear Expansion ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Glass Temperature ◽  
Polymer Mixtures ◽  
Polymer Compatibility ◽  
Coefficient Of Linear Expansion

Abstract 1. The temperature contraction curves for rubbery polymer mixtures define the degree of compatibility of these polymers only when the glass temperatures are not close to the same. 2. Mixtures of obviously incompatible polymers display several glass temperatures (according to the number of polymers in the mixture). The values of these temperatures coincide with the glass temperatures of the pure polymers and do not depend on the ratio of the polymers in the mixture. 3. Mixtures of compatible polymers have a single glass temperature which changes linearly with the volume ratio of the polymers. 4. The coefficient of linear expansion (contraction) of all polymer mixtures follows the additivity law within the visible limits of experimental error from sample to sample.

scholarly journals Calculation of changes in specific volumes of Fe – C system alloys depending on carbon content and temperatures

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 627-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. I. Gabelaya ◽  
Z. K. Kabakov ◽  
M. A. Mashchenko
Keyword(s):  
Specific Volume ◽  
Linear Expansion ◽  
Equilibrium Diagram ◽  
Continuous Cast ◽  
Equilibrium System ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Coefficient Of Linear Expansion ◽  
Carbon Concentrations ◽  
Specific Volumes

The work presents a new technique for determining the temperature dependence of the alloy specific volumes in Fe – C equilibrium system based on known from the literature calculated and empirical dependence for account of the phases’ specific volumes. These data were based on the independent reports of S.F. Yuryev and were obtained for temperatures below 1200 °C. When using these forms at temperatures above 1200 °C, the specific volume of austenite exceeds specific volume of ferrite. However, it is known that austenite has the smallest specific volume among all phases of the Fe – C system. In this regard, in the field of high temperatures, it is proposed to use other dependences that do not contradict the physics of polymorphic and phase transformations in this system. Thus the authors have obtained the general expressions for calculating the alloys’ specific volumes separately for three intervals of carbon concentrations in which the change in shares of the temperature phases are calculated according to Fe – C equilibrium diagram using the lever relation. As an example, results of the calculated determination of specific volumes of alloys with carbon vontent of 0.05, 0.13 and 0.33 % in the temperature range of 20 – 1600 °C are considered. The presented results are compared with the results obtained with the help of the phase diagram calculation package JMatPro®, on the basis of which the adequacy of the proposed calculation method was established. The developed technique can be used to calculate not only specific volumes of alloys, but also their density and coefficient of linear expansion depending on temperature and carbon concentration. It is the basis for the correct use of methods for determining the size of continuous cast billets due to shrinkage in order to correctly configure the equipment of continuous casting machines.

On the defects of enamel coatings

2019 ◽  
pp. 145-150
Author(s):  
T. O. Soshina ◽  
V. R. Mukhamadyarovа
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Enamel Coating ◽  
Surface Defects ◽  
Linear Expansion ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Mechanical And Corrosion Properties ◽  
Coefficient Of Linear Expansion

The defects destroy the integrity of the enamel, and the paper examines the influence of the physical-mechanical and corrosion properties of frits and heat treatment on the defectiveness of the enamel coating. The surface defects were scanned by electron microscope. It has been established that the defectiveness of enamel coatings depends on the melting index, temperature coefficient of linear expansion, surface tension of the frits, and heat treatment conditions. When burning rate of the enamel coating decreases, the fine-meshed structure of the enamel changes, and the size of the defects decreases.

The first 7 years (1978–1985) of ice wedge growth, Illisarvik experimental drained lake site, western Arctic coast

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 1782-1795 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ross Mackay
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Linear Expansion ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Frozen Ground ◽  
Ice Wedge ◽  
Western Arctic ◽  
Arctic Coast ◽  
Coefficient Of Linear Expansion ◽  
Lake Site ◽  
Crack Widths

A large lake, measuring 600 m × 300 m and with a depth of nearly 5 m, was artificially drained on 13 August 1978. Observations on the formation, width, and depth of thermal contraction cracks for the first 7 years show that the crack profiles and ice wedge growth rates differ markedly from those of old ice wedges reported in the literature. The first winter's cracks had box-like profiles, with surface widths to 10 cm and depths to 2.5 m. Some cracks continued to widen and deepen, once opened in early winter, and then narrowed or even closed completely in summer. Mean growth rates for the ice wedges for the first few years have been as much as 3.5 cm/year. Temperature gradients at the time of first cracking have been in the range of 10–15 °C/m. The growth rate of young ice wedges is site specific and temperature dependent, varying with factors such as the temperature gradient, vegetation, and snow cover, so an estimate of the age of an ice wedge from its width will usually be impossible. A study of crack widths indicates that the apparent coefficient of linear expansion of frozen ground may be several times that of ice. Upward cracking has been proven.

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