Special State Standard of absorbed dose unit of x-ray radiation with maximum photon energy from 3 to 9 fJ (20?60 keV)

1976 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-411
Author(s):  
R. F. Kononova ◽  
A. P. Sebekin ◽  
V. I. Fominykh ◽  
M. F. Yudin
Keyword(s):  
Photon Energy ◽  
State Standard ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Special State Standard ◽  
Dose Unit ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Maximum Photon

Special State Standard of bremsstrahlung energy flux unit in the maximum photon energy range 0.8?8.0 pJ (5?50 MeV)

1976 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 412-415
Author(s):  
M. F. Yudin ◽  
V. V. Skotnikov ◽  
V. N. Brui ◽  
I. I. Tsvetkov ◽  
V. I. Fominykh
Keyword(s):  
Energy Range ◽  
Photon Energy ◽  
Energy Flux ◽  
State Standard ◽  
Photon Energy Range ◽  
Special State Standard ◽  
Bremsstrahlung Energy ◽  
Maximum Photon

Improvement of beamline 4B9A and results of an X-ray diffraction experiment

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-505
Author(s):  
D. W. Wang ◽  
H. Y. Jiang ◽  
Z. H. Wu ◽  
X. S. Wu ◽  
S. S. Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Photon Energy ◽  
Tetragonal Symmetry ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Diffraction Experiment ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cylindrical Mirror ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Maximum Photon

4B9A is a focusing and monochromatic photon beam at the BSRF, which was constructed in 1990. During the second phase of the BSRF program, the surface of the cylindrical mirror has been coated with Pt, covering the original Ni, and the monochromator has been upgraded. The maximum photon energy extends to 11 keV and the intensity has increased about tenfold with respect to the previous intensity at 6 keV. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction patterns for the Hg-1223 (HgBa2Ca2Cu3O8+δ) superconducting bulk and thin film have been measured at 1.54014 Å. Results indicate that the bulk and film can be indexed as possessing tetragonal symmetry; lattice parameters a = 3.856 Å and c = 15.851 Å for the bulk Hg-1223 compound, and a = 3.8517 Å and c = 15.8511 Å for the film. Their structures are similar.

Soft X-ray photon energy calibration using multilayer mirror

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiranjot ◽  
Mangalika Sinha ◽  
R. K. Gupta ◽  
P. K. Yadav ◽  
Mohammed H. Modi
Keyword(s):  
Photon Energy ◽  
Energy Calibration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Multilayer Mirror

scholarly journals Monte Carlo Modeling and Design of Photon Energy Attenuation Layers for >10× Quantum Yield Enhancement in Si-Based Hard X-ray Detectors

Instruments ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Eldred Lee ◽  
Kaitlin M. Anagnost ◽  
Zhehui Wang ◽  
Michael R. James ◽  
Eric R. Fossum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Quantum Yield ◽  
Photon Energy ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Yield Enhancement ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Conversion Efficiencies

High-energy (>20 keV) X-ray photon detection at high quantum yield, high spatial resolution, and short response time has long been an important area of study in physics. Scintillation is a prevalent method but limited in various ways. Directly detecting high-energy X-ray photons has been a challenge to this day, mainly due to low photon-to-photoelectron conversion efficiencies. Commercially available state-of-the-art Si direct detection products such as the Si charge-coupled device (CCD) are inefficient for >10 keV photons. Here, we present Monte Carlo simulation results and analyses to introduce a highly effective yet simple high-energy X-ray detection concept with significantly enhanced photon-to-electron conversion efficiencies composed of two layers: a top high-Z photon energy attenuation layer (PAL) and a bottom Si detector. We use the principle of photon energy down conversion, where high-energy X-ray photon energies are attenuated down to ≤10 keV via inelastic scattering suitable for efficient photoelectric absorption by Si. Our Monte Carlo simulation results demonstrate that a 10–30× increase in quantum yield can be achieved using PbTe PAL on Si, potentially advancing high-resolution, high-efficiency X-ray detection using PAL-enhanced Si CMOS image sensors.

scholarly journals Estimating the Absorbed Dose to Critical Organs During Dual X-ray Absorptiometry

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 102 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Mokhtari-Dizaji ◽  
A A Sharafi ◽  
B Larijani ◽  
N Mokhlesian ◽  
H Hasanzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
X Ray

Improved spatial resolution and lower-dose pediatric CT imaging: a feasibility study to evaluate narrowing the X-ray photon energy spectrum

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 1026-1030
Author(s):  
Mark G. Benz ◽  
Matthew W. Benz ◽  
Steven B. Birnbaum ◽  
Eric Chason ◽  
Brian W. Sheldon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Photon Energy ◽  
Ct Imaging ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pediatric Ct ◽  
Photon Energy Spectrum

Calculation of the radiation dose absorbed by human biological tissue when using imaging equipment in radiоtherapy

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-59
Author(s):  
Irina M. Lebedenko ◽  
Sergej S. Khromov ◽  
Taras V. Bondarenko ◽  
Evgenij M. Chertenkov
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Biological Tissue ◽  
Electron Accelerator ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Tube Voltage ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Monte Carlo Method ◽  
Therapeutic Procedures ◽  
Dose Control

Considered the issues of X-ray dose control during diagnostic and therapeutic procedures using imaging tools. The dose of X-ray radiation from the visualization devices absorbed by the biological tissue of a person was determined when monitoring the position of the patient on the therapeutic table of the electron accelerator before the radiation therapy session. The processes of transmission of photons and electrons through the medium were simulated, and the X-ray spectra were measured. The emission spectrum of the Varian G-242 Rotating Anode X-ray Tube was obtained using an XR-100-CdTe spectrometer. The absorbed dose is calculated by the Monte Carlo method. The absorbed dose in the water phantom at tube voltage up to 80 kV was 0,9–1,5 mGy.

OSL in NaCl vs. TL in LiF for absorbed dose measurements and radiation quality assessment in the photon energy range 20 keV to 1.3 MeV

2018 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 11-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Christiansson ◽  
Christian Bernhardsson ◽  
Therése Geber-Bergstrand ◽  
Sören Mattsson ◽  
Christopher L. Rääf
Keyword(s):  
Energy Range ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Photon Energy ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Photon Energy Range ◽  
Radiation Quality ◽  
Dose Measurements

Structural study of the X-ray-induced enzymatic reaction of octahaem cytochromecnitrite reductase

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 1087-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Trofimov ◽  
K. M. Polyakov ◽  
V. A. Lazarenko ◽  
A. N. Popov ◽  
T. V. Tikhonova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrite Reductase ◽  
Catalytic Reaction ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Enzymatic Reaction ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Site Water

Octahaem cytochromecnitrite reductase from the bacteriumThioalkalivibrio nitratireducenscatalyzes the reduction of nitrite to ammonium and of sulfite to sulfide. The reducing properties of X-ray radiation and the high quality of the enzyme crystals allow study of the catalytic reaction of cytochromecnitrite reductase directly in a crystal of the enzyme, with the reaction being induced by X-rays. Series of diffraction data sets with increasing absorbed dose were collected from crystals of the free form of the enzyme and its complexes with nitrite and sulfite. The corresponding structures revealed gradual changes associated with the reduction of the catalytic haems by X-rays. In the case of the nitrite complex the conversion of the nitrite ions bound in the active sites to NO species was observed, which is the beginning of the catalytic reaction. For the free form, an increase in the distance between the oxygen ligand bound to the catalytic haem and the iron ion of the haem took place. In the case of the sulfite complex no enzymatic reaction was detected, but there were changes in the arrangement of the active-site water molecules that were presumably associated with a change in the protonation state of the sulfite ions.

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