Special State Standards of the unit of temperature in the range 600�K?2300�K from infrared radiation and in the range 1800�K?3000�K from ultraviolet radiation

1976 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-376
Author(s):  
G. S. Ambrok ◽  
�. A. Lapina ◽  
E. S. Golovan' ◽  
E. A. Koroleva
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Infrared Radiation ◽  
State Standards ◽  
Unit Of Temperature

A discussion on infared astronomy - On the chemistry of Jupiter's upper atmosphere

1969 ◽  
Vol 264 (1150) ◽  
pp. 151-151
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Infrared Radiation ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
General Procedure ◽  
Analytical Approximation ◽  
Upper Atmosphere ◽  
Rapid Rise ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Jovian Atmosphere

The infrared opacity of Jupiter’s upper atmosphere will be influenced by line blanketing resulting from strong absorption bands of ammonia and organic molecules. In order to calculate these effects eventually, we conduct a first investigation into the ion-molecule chemistry of the upper Jovian atmosphere. Experimental results show that intense ultraviolet radiation reacts with the constituents of the Jovian atmosphere to produce C2H4> ^2^65 a, and higher polymers. The general procedure for calculating both equilibrium and non-equilibrium abundances of these products is formulated and applied to the case of the surface passage of a satellite shadow. A specific example is made of ethylene, for which an analytical approximation gives 10 (to power of 10) molecules in an atmospheric column of 1 cm2 cross-section after a very rapid rise to equilibrium. Such a concentration of ethylene does not substantially affect the infrared radiation in the shadow.

Infrared radiation does not enhance the frequency of ultraviolet radiation-induced skin tumors, but their growth behaviour in mice

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 346-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Jantschitsch ◽  
Michael Weichenthal ◽  
Akira Maeda ◽  
Ehrhardt Proksch ◽  
Thomas Schwarz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Infrared Radiation ◽  
Skin Tumors ◽  
Growth Behaviour ◽  
Radiation Induced

Skin temperature during sunbathing – relevance for skin cancer

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1123-1125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bibi Petersen ◽  
Peter Alshede Philipsen ◽  
Hans Christian Wulf
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Infrared Radiation

It has been found that exposure to heat and infrared radiation (IR) can be carcinogenic, and that a combination of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and IR possibly amplifies carcinogenesis.

scholarly journals Rescue Blankets-Transmission and Reflectivity of Electromagnetic Radiation

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Kranebitter ◽  
Bernd Wallner ◽  
Andreas Klinger ◽  
Markus Isser ◽  
Franz J. Wiedermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Infrared Radiation ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Electromagnetic Spectrum ◽  
Blue Band ◽  
Outdoor Sports

Rescue blankets are medical devices made of a polyethylene terephthalate sheet coated with a thin aluminum layer. Blankets are used for protection against hypothermia in prehospital emergency medicine and outdoor sports, but totally different qualities are typical for these multi-functional tools. On the one hand, rescue sheets prevent hypothermia by reducing thermo-convection and diminishing heat loss from evaporation and thermal radiation. On the other hand, the sheets promote cooling by acting as a radiant barrier, by providing shade and even by increasing heat conduction when the sheet is in direct contact with the skin. As foils are watertight and windproof, they can function as vapor barriers and even as stopgap bivouac sacks. We evaluated three experimental studies, one on heat loss by rescue blankets according to surface color, one on transparency with ultraviolet radiation, high-energy visible light and visible light, and one on infrared radiation from rescue blankets. When evaluating the effects of different bands of the electromagnetic spectrum on rescue sheets, we focused on ultraviolet radiation (200–380 nm), high-energy visible light in the violet/blue band (380–450 nm), visible light (380–760 nm) and infrared radiation (7500–13,500 nm). Rescue sheets transmit between 1% and 8% of visible light and about 1% of ultraviolet B radiation (280–315 nm), providing sufficient transparency and adequate protection from snow blindness. Reflection of visible light increases detectability in search and rescue missions performed in good visibility conditions, while reflection of infrared radiation increases detectability in poor visibility conditions and provides protection against hypothermia.

scholarly journals The Role of Optical Radiations in Skin Cancer

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Ayala ◽  
Marco Palla ◽  
Rossella Di Trolio ◽  
Nicola Mozzillo ◽  
Paolo A. Ascierto
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Infrared Radiation ◽  
Optical Radiation ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Visible Spectrum ◽  
Clear Correlation

Purpose. Electromagnetic radiation with wavelength in the range 100 nm to 1 mm is known as optical radiation and includes ultraviolet radiation, the visible spectrum, and infrared radiation. The deleterious short- and long-term biological effects of ultraviolet radiation, including melanoma and other skin cancers, are well recognized. Infrared radiation may also have damaging biological effects. Methods. The objective of this review was to assess the literature over the last 15 years and to summarize correlations between exposure to optical radiation and the risk of melanoma and other cancers. Results. There is a clear correlation between exposure to UV radiation and the development of skin cancer. Most importantly, a strong association between artificial UV radiation exposure, for example, tanning devices, and the risk of melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma has been clearly demonstrated. There is no clear evidence that exposure to IR and laser radiation may increase the risk of skin cancer, although negative health effects have been observed. Conclusions. Preventative strategies that involve provision of public information highlighting the risks associated with exposure to sunlight remain important. In addition, precautionary measures that discourage exposure to tanning appliances are required, as is legislation to prevent their use during childhood.

scholarly journals Occupational Exposure to Ultraviolet and Infrared Radiation in Welders

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajabali Hokmabadi ◽  
Hasan Taeebi ◽  
Hossein Fallah
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Infrared Radiation ◽  
Exposure Duration ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Work History ◽  
Average Work ◽  
Eye Symptoms

Background: Human beings are always exposed to natural and artificial sources of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation. Welding is one of the jobs whose professionals may expose ultraviolet and infrared radiation and suffer from the resulting complications. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the exposure to ultraviolet and infrared radiation in welders. Methods: This study was conducted on 70 welders in Bojnord city. The UV meter and the IR meter (Hanger) were used to conduct measurements. The measurements were conducted at 10, 50 and 100-cm distances from the welding site, and at two heights, the wrists and eyes. Eye symptoms caused by radiation were collected and recorded by checklist and observation. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, and ANOVA. Results: The average age of the workers was 37(10) years, the average work experience was 18(11) years, and the average radiation exposure duration was 3.5(2) hours. The average ultraviolet radiation measured was 4.13(4.88) W/m2 and the average infrared radiation was 17.13(12.54) W/m2 at the welding stations. In 84% ​​of the stations, the measured ultraviolet radiation and in 100% of them, the measured infrared radiation was standard. There were 58 (83%) welders with at least one eye problem. There was a significant relationship between the amount of radiation, and the type of welding, exposure duration, and work history, but no significant relationship between the amount of radiation and height and distance of measurement. Conclusion: In order to prevent eye symptoms in welders, it is recommended to reduce the duration of exposure of the welders or welders should do welding during the day intermittently and use suitable personal protective equipment, especially a suitable welding mask, during welding.

Special State Standards for the unit of temperature in the range of 4.2?13.81�K

1973 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 951-954
Author(s):  
M. P. Orlova ◽  
D. N. Astrov ◽  
G. A. Kytin ◽  
R. V. Filonchik ◽  
T. M. Kurakina
Keyword(s):  
State Standards ◽  
Unit Of Temperature
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