Two types of afferent influence of the mechanoreceptors of the small intestine on the blood pressure

1961 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 895-899
Author(s):  
N. A. Anikina
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Afferent Influence

Blood pressure maintenance in NHE3-deficient mice with transgenic expression of NHE3 in small intestine

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (3) ◽  
pp. R685-R691 ◽  
Author(s):  
William T. Noonan ◽  
Alison L. Woo ◽  
Michelle L. Nieman ◽  
Vikram Prasad ◽  
Patrick J. Schultheis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Transgenic Expression ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Lower Blood ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Pressure Natriuresis ◽  
Deficient Mice ◽  
Robust Response

NHE3 Na+/H+ exchanger knockout ( Nhe3−/−) mice have severe absorptive deficits in the kidney proximal tubule and intestinal tract. The resulting hypovolemia has confounded efforts to carefully evaluate the specific effects of NHE3 deficiency on kidney function. Development of mice with transgenic expression of NHE3 in the small intestine (tg Nhe3−/−) has allowed us to analyze the role of renal NHE3 in overall maintenance of blood pressure, pressure natriuresis, and autoregulation of both glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal blood flow (RBF). Ambulatory blood pressure, measured by telemetry, was lower in tg Nhe3−/− mice than in wild-type controls (tg Nhe3+/+) when the mice were maintained on a normal NaCl diet but was normalized when they were provided with a high NaCl intake. Furthermore, administration of the AT1-receptor blocker losartan showed that circulating ANG II plays a major role in maintaining blood pressure in tg Nhe3−/− mice fed normal NaCl but not in those receiving high NaCl. Clearance studies revealed a blunted pressure-natriuresis response in tg Nhe3−/− mice at lower blood pressures but a robust response at higher blood pressures. Autoregulation of GFR and RBF was normal in tg Nhe3−/− mice. These results show that dietary NaCl loading normalizes blood pressure in awake tg Nhe3−/− mice and that alterations in NHE3 activity are not essential for normal autoregulation of GFR and RBF. Furthermore, the data strongly support the hypothesis that NHE3 plays an important role in the diuretic and natriuretic responses to increases in blood pressure but also show that mechanisms not involving NHE3 mediate pressure natriuresis in the higher range of blood pressures studied.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF LENGTH AND REGION OF SMALL INTESTINAL GLUCOSE EXPOSURE ON BLOOD PRESSURE, SUPERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY BLOOD FLOW AND PLASMA NORADRENALINE IN HEALTHY OLDER PARTICIPANTS

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
R.S. Rigda ◽  
L.G. Trahair ◽  
T. Wu ◽  
T.J. Little ◽  
K. Lange ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Superior Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Plasma Noradrenaline ◽  
Glucose Exposure ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Mesenteric Artery Blood Flow ◽  
Occluding Balloon

Background: A substantial postprandial reduction in blood pressure (BP), triggered by the interaction of nutrients with the small intestine and associated with increases in heart rate (HR) and splanchnic blood flow, occurs frequently in healthy older people. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether these responses are influenced by the length and/or region of small intestine exposed to nutrients. Design: Randomized, single blind study. Setting: Clinical research laboratory. Participants: Ten healthy older participants (9M, 1F; age 65 – 79 yr). Intervention: On 3 separate study days, participants were intubated with a small intestinal catheter incorporating two duodenal infusion ports and an aspiration port, as well as an occluding balloon, which was positioned ~ 60 cm beyond the pylorus. Each participant then received a 60 min (t = 0 – 60 min) intraluminal infusion of glucose (3 kcal/min) into either the proximal (< 60 cm “GP”), or the distal (> 70 cm “GD”), or both (i.e. proximal and distal “GPD”), small intestinal segments. Measurements: BP, HR (automated device), superior mesenteric artery (SMA) blood flow (Doppler ultrasound) and plasma noradrenaline (NA). Results: Small intestinal glucose infusion was associated with reductions in systolic (GP: P = 0.004, GD: P = 0.001, GPD: P = 0.001) and diastolic (GP: P = 0.007, GD: P = 0.004, GPD: P = 0.003) BP and increases in HR (GP: P = 0.001, GD: P = 0.001, GPD: P = 0.002) and plasma NA (GP: P = 0.001, GD: P = 0.002, GPD: P = 0.001), without any difference between the three days. Conclusion: In healthy older participants, the effects of small intestinal glucose to decrease BP and increase SMA flow in healthy older participants appear to be independent of the region, or length, of small intestine exposed.

Blood pressure changes after gastric mechanical and electrical stimulation in rats

1985 ◽  
Vol 249 (6) ◽  
pp. G739-G744 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Pozo ◽  
A. Fueyo ◽  
M. M. Esteban ◽  
J. M. Rojo-Ortega ◽  
B. Marin
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Pressor Response ◽  
Gastric Distension ◽  
Blood Pressure Decrease ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Pressure Changes ◽  
Diastolic Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Stimulation Of

The effect of different stimuli applied in several parts of the digestive tract on blood pressure was studied in unconscious Wistar rats. Gastric distension and electrical and pinching stimuli produced a significant increase in both systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressure. When different gastric zones were stimulated by either electrical or pinching stimuli, the highest pressor response was found in the antropyloric zone. The stimuli applied to the small intestine, outside the duodenum, did not modify the blood pressure. The pinching of the abdominal peritoneum caused a pronounced (P less than 0.001) blood pressure decrease. These data suggest that the pressor response to gastric distension could be mediated by gastric mechanoreceptors. The pressor response observed after stimulation of the gastric antropyloric zone suggests that this area has a greater number of mechanoreceptors.

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