Effect of central cholinolytics on latent period of the flexor reflex and cortical motor response in rabbits

1968 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-412
Author(s):  
M. A. Pogodin
Keyword(s):  
Latent Period ◽  
Motor Response ◽  
Flexor Reflex ◽  
Cortical Motor ◽  
Central Cholinolytics

The Grasping Deficit in Infantile Spastic Hemiparesis

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 904-904
Keyword(s):  
Latent Period ◽  
Motor Response ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Motor Deficit ◽  
Spastic Hemiparesis ◽  
Spastic Hemiplegia

In children with spastic hemiplegia, the arm is usually more incapacitated than the leg. In this paper the author analyzes some of the physiologic principles which aid in the understanding of this important motor deficit. Voluntary grasping in patients with spastic hemiparesis is first apparent in terms of slowness of motor response and also the latent period in initiating the movement. Further deficiencies appear as the action continues; an obvious lack of dexterity and clumsiness occurs as the hand approaches the object to be grasped, the fingers overextending and abducting widely (avoiding-reaction). As the digits close around the object the wrist flexes, often acutely, and if the power of the grip is increased, an associated flexion of elbow and shoulder occur (flexor synergy). These flexion movements associated with grasping serve only to weaken the grip because in the strong normal grasp, the wrist is fixed in some extension and the elbow is fixed by both triceps and biceps. Such careful analysis of a deficient motor mechanism may provide valuable information in the rehabilitation of children with hemiparesis.

scholarly journals Studies on the flexor reflex.—I. Latent period

1931 ◽  
Vol 107 (754) ◽  
pp. 511-534 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Latent Period ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Electrical Response ◽  
Motor Nerve ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Nerve Fibres ◽  
Flexor Reflex ◽  
Velocity Of Propagation ◽  
String Galvanometer ◽  
Reflex Time

The latent period of the flexor reflex was first measured as the interval between the application of a stimulus and the beginning of the mechanical response of the muscle (Sherrington, 1906). Jolly (1911) introduced the electrical response of the muscle recorded by the string galvanometer as a basis of measurement of latent period, and he calculated that the time occupied in the passage through the spinal cord (central reflex-time) was about 4σ. Forbes and Gregg (1915) used the electrical response of the motor nerve in their measurements of latent period and calculated that the central reflextime was 3 to 5σ, thus confirming Jolly. In both calculations, however, certain assumptions had to be made as to the velocity of propagation of impluses in the afferent nerve fibres. Since 1915 there has been no systematic investigation of the latent period of the flexor reflex. In the following investigation an attempt has been made to throw fresh light on the nature and duration of its latent period.

BRAIN STEM FACILITATION OF CORTICAL MOTOR RESPONSE

1946 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Rhines ◽  
H. W. Magoun
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stem ◽  
Motor Response ◽  
Cortical Motor

The Clinical, Roentgenological and Morphological Effects of an Acute Exposure of Phosgene on the Lungs of Dogs

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 236-237
Author(s):  
R. F. Bils ◽  
W. F. Diller ◽  
F. Huth
Keyword(s):  
Latent Period ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Toxic Substance ◽  
Lung Edema ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Electron Microscopes

Phosgene still plays an important role as a toxic substance in the chemical industry. Thiess (1968) recently reported observations on numerous cases of phosgene poisoning. A serious difficulty in the clinical handling of phosgene poisoning cases is a relatively long latent period, up to 12 hours, with no obvious signs of severity. At about 12 hours heavy lung edema appears suddenly, however changes can be seen in routine X-rays taken after only a few hours' exposure (Diller et al., 1969). This study was undertaken to correlate these early changes seen by the roengenologist with morphological alterations in the lungs seen in the'light and electron microscopes.Forty-two adult male and female Beagle dogs were selected for these exposure experiments. Treated animals were exposed to 94.5-107-5 ppm phosgene for 10 min. in a 15 m3 chamber. Roentgenograms were made of the thorax of each animal before and after exposure, up to 24 hrs.

Ultrastructure of mesotheliomas

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 98-101
Author(s):  
Irving Dardick
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Latent Period ◽  
Spindle Cell ◽  
Spindle Cell Sarcoma ◽  
Metastatic Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Cell Sarcoma ◽  
Cytological Features ◽  
Industrial Use ◽  
Degree Of Differentiation

With the extensive industrial use of asbestos in this century and the long latent period (20-50 years) between exposure and tumor presentation, the incidence of malignant mesothelioma is now increasing. Thus, surgical pathologists are more frequently faced with the dilemma of differentiating mesothelioma from metastatic adenocarcinoma and spindle-cell sarcoma involving serosal surfaces. Electron microscopy is amodality useful in clarifying this problem.In utilizing ultrastructural features in the diagnosis of mesothelioma, it is essential to appreciate that the classification of this tumor reflects a variety of morphologic forms of differing biologic behavior (Table 1). Furthermore, with the variable histology and degree of differentiation in mesotheliomas it might be expected that the ultrastructure of such tumors also reflects a range of cytological features. Such is the case.

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