Alkaline ribonuclease activity in the serum of rats poisoned with carbon tetrachloride and the effect of hepatic inhibitor in vitro

1972 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 1043-1046
Author(s):  
T. F. Shukalova ◽  
E. D. Vyshepan ◽  
A. M. Chernukh
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Ribonuclease Activity ◽  
Alkaline Ribonuclease

Effect of age, weight and adequacy of zinc intake on the balance between alkaline ribonuclease and ribonuclease inhibitor in various tissues of the rat

1978 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Chesters ◽  
Marie Will
Keyword(s):  
Ribonuclease Activity ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Ribonuclease Inhibitor ◽  
Zinc Intake ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Tissue Homogenates ◽  
Alkaline Ribonuclease ◽  
Natural Inhibitor ◽  
Effect Of Age

1. Deficiency of zinc inhibits growth and also increases the activity of alkaline ribonuclease in certain tissues of the rat (Prasad & Oberleas, 1973). Zn could influence ribonuclease activity by direct effects on the enzyme or its natural inhibitor, or non-specifically as occurs when growth rate is affected by various other factors. These possibilities were studied.2. Alkaline ribonuclease was shown to be inhibited by Zn in vitro, but the concentrations of Zn required were so high that the enzyme was probably not directly affected by changes in tissue Zn concentration caused by dietary deficiency.3. At lower concentrations, Zn added in vitro increased the activity of alkaline ribonuclease in tissue homogenates probably by inactivating the inhibitor of the enzyme.4. Age, weight and particularly food restriction caused tissue-specific alterations of ribonuclease and ribonuclease inhibitor concentrations in liver, kidney, oesophagus, testis and thymus.5. The ribonuclease activities in liver, kidney and testis of Zn-deficient rats were unaltered in comparison with those of pair-fed rats. In thymus, which decreased in weight in the Zn-deficient animals, there was a concomitant increase in ribonuclease activity, but in oesophagus, the deficiency reduced the activity of ribonuclease.6. The effects of Zn deficiency upon alkaline ribonuclease and its inhibitor are probably secondary consequences of reductions in food intake or growth.

Hepato- and Nephroprotective Effects of the Polyphenol Concentrate From Cabernet Sauvignon Grape Varieties Cultivated in Kazakhstan in the Experimental Model Of CCL4-Induced Toxicity

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurgozhin T. ◽  
Sergazy S. H. ◽  
Adilgozhina G. ◽  
Gulyayev A. ◽  
Shulgau Z. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Antioxidant Stress

Objective:This study investigates the hepatoprotective effect and the antioxidant role of polyphenol concentrate in the experimental model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced toxicity. Methods: Antioxidant activity of Cabernet Sauvignon grape polyphenol were evaluated by radical scavenging of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH), 2,2’-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS.+). In addition, the effects of polyphenol concentrate on the survival of Wistar rats in the toxicity model, was also investigated. The polyphenol concentrate was administered for 5 five days prior to injection of carbon tetrachloride in a sub-lethal dose of 300 mg/kg of animal body weight in order to perform histological examinations of the liver and kidney, and detect the levels of AST, ALT and bilirubin. Results: Administration of polyphenol concentrate increased animal survival in the experimental model. Moreover, the intragastric administration of polyphenol concentrate prior to the initiation of the experimental model of toxicity, which was caused by a sub-lethal CCl4 dose, reduced morphological injuries in the liver and kidney, decreased the AST and ALT levels of the blood serum. Discussion and conclusion: Our data demonstrate that polyphenol concentrate possesses an antioxidant potential both in vitro and in vivo by reducing antioxidant stress that was caused by CCl4 administration into rats.

Reductive Activation of Carbon Tetrachloride by Human Haemoglobin

1993 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
Roberta Ferrara ◽  
Michela Rezzadore ◽  
Stefano Cazzaro ◽  
Roberto Tolando ◽  
Maurizio Manno
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Anaerobic Incubation ◽  
Reductive Activation ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Prosthetic Group ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Human Haemoglobin ◽  
Reductive Metabolism

The reductive metabolism of carbon tetrachloride (CC14) by human haemoglobin (Hb) was observed in vitro by absolute absorption spectra recorded under anaerobic conditions. The following results were obtained: 1) a decrease of the 430nm peak typical of free reduced Hb (Hb2+); 2) the formation of a shoulder of absorbance, attributable to the production of a complex between Hb2+ and a metabolite of CC14 carbon monoxide (Hb-CO); and 3) the oxidation of some Hb2+ to methaemoglobin (Hb3+). The concentration of these three forms — Hb2+, Hb-CO and Hb3+ — during anaerobic incubation of Hb with CC14 was calculated algebraically from the absolute spectra. CO production was then calculated from the concentration of Hb-CO, using a suitable calibration curve. Interestingly, under identical experimental conditions, a substrate-dependent loss of Hb-derived haem, but not of Hb itself nor of haem-derived porphyrin fluorescence, was measured. Preliminary HPLC studies to clarify the discrepancy and, in particular, the role and fate of the haem group, showed two substrate-dependent modified haem products. The results indicate that human Hb is able to catalyse the reductive activation of CCl4, and suggest that, during the process, its prosthetic group haem may be modified by CC14 metabolites to products which maintain a tetrapyrrolic structure but are unable to react with pyridine.

scholarly journals Study of hepatotoxins influence in vitro on basic biochemical indicators of liver functional state

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
Liudmyla Maloshtan ◽  
Galyna Storozhenko ◽  
Liubov Galuzinska ◽  
Victoriia Fylymonenko ◽  
Omar Rashid Sadiq
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Classical Model ◽  
Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Isolated Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Toxic Damage ◽  
Cell Homogenate ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Group

An antimicrobial drug of the fluoroquinolone group, ciprofloxacin, is widely used in Ukraine. However, some researchers have noted the probable hepatotoxicity of this drug with prolonged use or use of high doses of ciprofloxacin. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of carbon tetrachloride, as a classical model of hepatocyte injury, with the effects of ciprofloxacin. The aim of the study was to investigate the biochemical parameters of the liver when simulating toxic damage to hepatocytes with carbon tetrachloride or ciprofloxacin. Materials and methods. The study was carried out on isolated rat hepatocytes, in whose culture medium carbon tetrachloride or ciprofloxacin was added. After incubation in the supernatant and cell homogenate, the activities of marker enzymes of cytolysis were determined: ALT, AST, γ-GTP, LF, LDH, DC and MDA. Results. The introduction of ciprofloxacin into the culture of hepatocytes at a concentration of LC50 caused changes in biochemical parameters similar to those caused by carbon tetrachloride. Thus, an increase in ALT, AST, γ-GTP, LF, LDH, DC and MDA was observed when CCl4 or ciprofloxacin was added to the culture. Conclusion. Incubation of rat hepatocytes with carbon tetrachloride or ciprofloxacin caused an increase in the level of enzymes and lipid peroxidation products. These parameters are indicators of gross changes in cells, which are the result of impaired keto acid formation, impaired redox reactions, impaired glycogen production

Protective effect of the total flavonoids from Apocynum venetum L. on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in vitro and in vivo

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Zheng Dong ◽  
Xiujuan Chang ◽  
Cuihong Zhang ◽  
Guanghua Rong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Total Flavonoids ◽  
Apocynum Venetum
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