Improving metal impact strength in couplings for main pipelines

1992 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 307-310
Author(s):  
V. I. Bol'shakov ◽  
L. N. Deineko ◽  
A. G. Shcherbakov ◽  
R. G. Gubaidulin ◽  
A. K. Tin'gaev
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Main Pipelines ◽  
Metal Impact Strength ◽  
Metal Impact

Experimental investigation of structural integrity behavior of High strength low alloy steel – Study of mechanical, microstructural and corrosion behavior of Submerged arc welding weldments

2020 ◽  
pp. 095440892095810
Author(s):  
Lochan Sharma ◽  
Rahul Chhibber
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Weld Metal ◽  
Base Metal ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
Weld Zone ◽  
Submerged Arc Welding ◽  
Welding Fluxes ◽  
Submerged Arc ◽  
Metal Impact

The present study aims at investigating the effect of submerged arc welding fluxes for enhanced corrosion resistance of structural steel welds. By varying the basicity index of submerged arc welding fluxes the corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of weld metal such as tensile strength, impact strength, microhardness in submerged arc weldments were evaluated. The result shows that with the increase in bascity index tensile strength of weld specimen reduced while impact strength and microhardness value increased. Maximum microhardness (288 HV) was observed for flux 2 while base metal show minimum microhardness value (205 HV). Flux 5 gives maximum impact strength (94.17 J) as compared to the base metal (80 J). This is due to the reduced content of oxygen in weld metal which increases the weld metal impact toughness. Corrosion resistance of weld specimen increased as compared to the base metal. Ductile fracture mode and shear lip or tears were observed in the weld zone. Shear dimples and shear lips were more severe in base metal as well as weld metal impact specimens due to the rapid effect of external forces on the impact test. The banded microstructure of delta ferrite and austenite was observed in the base metal. Fine grains of ferrite and pearlite at the center and edges were present in the weld zone.

scholarly journals Technology of Welding Joints Mixed with Duplex Steel

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-168
Author(s):  
J. Słania ◽  
R. Krawczyk ◽  
D. Masłoń
Keyword(s):  
Welded Joint ◽  
Delta Ferrite ◽  
Cored Wire ◽  
Transverse Tensile ◽  
Duplex Steel ◽  
Covered Electrodes ◽  
Welding Joints ◽  
Metal Impact Strength ◽  
Gas Shroud ◽  
Metal Impact

Results of the examinations of sample plates of mixed joints with the duplex steel were discussed. Examinations were taken on the sample plates of mixed joints of sheet plates type P355NL1 and X2CrNiMoN22-5-3 welded by the flux-cored wire DW-329A by the Kobelco company of the following category T 22 9 3 NL RC/M3 in the gas shroud M21 (Ar+18%CO2) (plate no.1), and nickel covered electrodes E Ni 6082 by the Böhler company (plate no. 2). Results of the side bend test of welded joint, transverse tensile test, stretching of the weld metal, impact strength, micro and macroscopic metallographic examinations, and measurements of the delta ferrite content were presented.

Ground of mechanism of pay in a budget for the pipelinetransporting of hydrocarbon commodities

2019 ◽  
pp. 141-152
Author(s):  
Adam Bodіuk
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
State Recognition ◽  
Main Pipelines ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Combination Of Methods ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Hydrocarbon Transport

The subject of the study is the mechanism for determining the fiscal fee forthe main transportation of hydrocarbon goods as a resource concept. The purposeof this article is to justify the nature and prospects of using, instead of currentrent, hydrocarbon fiscal-main income as a fiscal payment, which is brought intothe state budget by operators of the main hydrocarbon-transport system as business entities for their transportation of hydrocarbons and products of their processing through main pipelines appropriate to the economic requirements. Theresearch methodology is determined by a combination of methods: a) cognition:legal analysis (study of the regulatory framework for the use of rent); b) justification: abstract logical analysis (definition of the concepts of hydrocarbon fiscalmain income); c) generalization (substantiation of conclusions and proposals).Results of work. In the process of analyzing the regulatory legal acts that regulate the use of current annuity as payment to the budget for the main transportation of hydrocarbons, it was established that it is not a tax in the interpretationof PKU, since the essence does not meet the official definition of tax, does notmeet the accepted definition of the concept of rent. The accepted nature andmechanism of paying rent for the transportation of hydrogen resources and associated revenues of the state and users of the main hydrogen transport systemand the unpromising nature of its use as a fiscal payment are analyzed. Conclusions.It is proposed that the state pay for the territorial pumping of hydrocarbon resources according to our triple principle as hydrocarbon fiscal-main income, whichcorresponds to its essence, and accordingly change the mechanism for calculatingand depositing funds to treasury accounts. Since the funds come to the revenueside of the state budget, that is, inherently belong to state revenue. The creationof such a mechanism needs certain studies, justifications and government decisions. The same applies to land use, since the quality indicators of soils, wherethe laid pipelines are territorially different. In addition, there is a process ofchanging land for its intended purpose, for the property. The fee for movinghydrocarbon resources should be calculated depending on the type of transport,including pipelines, for a set of indicators: quantity and quality of goods, time,main tariffs and distance of its movement. The amount may be adjusted usingfactors officially established by the CMU. Since the pipelines are located in territorial lands, part of this fee should be transferred to the territorial local budgets.Theoretically, the economic use of trunk pipelines should be considered as a typeof economic environmental management. Therefore, this type of government revenue should be determined by a set of indicators, as well as taking into account the economic interests of business entities authorized by the CMU. Thus, theimplementation of our proposed fiscal payment is relevant, has scientific noveltyand promising practical significance, therefore, for state recognition it is proposedto include it in the Tax Code of Ukraine.

Survey of Relations of Chemical Constituents in Polymer-Based Materials with Brittleness and its Associated Properties

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4s) ◽  
pp. 595-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Witold Brostow ◽  
◽  
Haley E. Hagg Lobland ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Free Volume ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Polymer Processing ◽  
Brittle Behavior ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Common Thread

The property of brittleness for polymers and polymer-based materials (PBMs) is an important factor in determining the potential uses of a material. Brittleness of polymers may also impact the ease and modes of polymer processing, thereby affecting economy of production. Brittleness of PBMs can be correlated with certain other properties and features of polymers; to name a few, connections to free volume, impact strength, and scratch recovery have been explored. A common thread among all such properties is their relationship to chemical composition and morphology. Through a survey of existing literature on polymer brittleness specifically combined with relevant reports that connect additional materials and properties to that of brittleness, it is possible to identify chemical features of PBMs that are connected with observable brittle behavior. Relations so identified between chemical composition and structure of PBMs and brittleness are described herein, advancing knowledge and improving the capacity to design new and to choose among existing polymers in order to obtain materials with particular property profiles.

Расчетные методы оценки ударной вязкости сварных элементов с трещинами

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-36
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Intensity ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Welded Joints ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Welded Joint ◽  
Operating Temperature ◽  
Crack Development ◽  
Heterogeneous Structure ◽  
Critical Crack Length ◽  
The Impact

Практика показывает, что для сварных конструкций, эксплуатируемых в условиях Крайнего Севера необходимо уделять внимание работоспособности сварных соединений при низких температурах. Металл сварных соединений в процессе воздействия обработки изменяет свои свойства, снижается ударная вязкость, образуется гетерогенная структура с большой степенью разнозернистости. Чтобы оценивать и иметь возможность правильно контролировать термическое воздействие и последствия сварочного процесса, требуется решить задачу аналитического определения ударной вязкости для всех зон сварного соединения. В настоящей статье представлен инженерный метод оценки ударной вязкости, применимый для любой зоны сварного соединения, в которой имеется острый или особый концентратор напряжений – трещина. Разработанный аналитический метод расчета ударной вязкости отражает качественную и количественную картину взаимосвязи структурно-механических характеристик и работы развития трещины в диапазоне температур 77…300 К. Предложенная схематизация зависимости критического коэффициента интенсивности напряжений от температуры позволила найти коэффициенты, характеризующие свойства материала, и выполнить расчеты изменения предела текучести и предела прочности от температуры эксплуатации. Построены графики зависимости работы развития трещины от температуры эксплуатации для сталей 15ГС и 17ГС, сравнение которых с экспериментальными данными показывает удовлетворительное согласование. Найдено, что при напряжениях предела выносливости отношение работы развития трещины к критической длине трещины постоянно, не зависит от температуры и для сталей 15ГС и 17ГС равно около 10. Ключевые слова: ударная вязкость, работа разрушения, коэффициент интенсивности напряжений, трещина, феррито-перлитная сталь, зона термического влияния. For welded structures under operation in the Far North, attention must be paid to the performance of welded joints at low temperatures. The properties of metal of welded joints are changed in the process of treatment, its toughness decreases, and a heterogeneous structure with a large range of different grain sizes is formed. In order to evaluate and be able to correctly control the thermal effect and the consequences of the welding process, it is necessary to solve the problem of analytical determination of impact strength for all zones of the welded joint. The paper presents an engineering method for evaluation of the impact strength applicable to any area of the welded joint in which there is a sharp or super sharp stress concentrator – a crack. The developed analytical method for calculating the impact strength reflects a qualitative and quantitative codependency of structural and mechanical characteristics and the process of crack development in the temperature range of 77–300 K. The proposed schematization of dependence of the critical coefficient of stress intensity on the temperature made it possible to find coefficients characterizing the properties of the material and to perform calculations of changes in yield strength and tensile strength on operating temperature. Graphs of the crack development process dependency on the operating temperature for 15ГС and 17ГС steels were constructed, and their comparison with experimental data displays satisfactory agreement. It was found that at endurance limit stresses, the ratio of the crack development process to the critical crack length is constant, non-dependent on temperature, and is equal to 10 for 15ГС and 17ГС steels. Keywords: impact strength, fracture work, stress intensity factor, crack, ferrite-pearlite steel, heat affected zone, steel tempering.

Oil products purity monitoring in transportation through the main pipelines

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-352
Author(s):  
Ruslan R. Kupkenov ◽  
◽  
Anna S. Aberkova ◽  
Egor S. Dubovoy ◽  
Andrey A. Kuznetsov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Products ◽  
Main Pipelines

Improvement of legislation in the field of development and approval of plans for the prevention and elimination of oil spillage and spills of petroleum products at the facilities of main pipelines

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 654-662
Author(s):  
Andrey V. Zakharchenko ◽  
◽  
Alexander E. Gonchar ◽  
Roman Y. Shestakov ◽  
Polina V. Pugacheva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Pipeline Transport ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Oil Spillage ◽  
Trunk Pipeline ◽  
Main Pipelines ◽  
The Us ◽  
Improvement Of Legislation ◽  
Main Oil Pipeline

The procedure for action in cases of a threat or an accident at oil pipeline transport facilities is defined in the relevant plans for emergency spillage prevention and response – ESPR. The purpose of the article is to analyze the requirements of the legislation in the field of development and approval of ESPR. The specifics of ESRP development at trunk pipeline facilities in Russia are noted, the US experience in combating oil and oil products spillage is presented. The problematic issues in the development and approval of ESRP, relevant for the domestic system of main oil pipeline transport, have been considered. It was established that the Federal Law No. 207-FL, adopted in July 2020, fundamentally changed the outdated and required revision approach to the coordination and approval of ESRP. At the same time, further work is needed to create a regulatory framework that establishes requirements for ESRP, as well as to improve ESRP, taking into account modern methods of predicting accidents, identifying emergencies, risk-oriented approaches to planning measures to localize and eliminate accidents, the specifics of operating organizations.

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