Syntheses in the purine derivative series

1974 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 472-475
Author(s):  
I. M. Zasosova ◽  
I. M. Ovcharova ◽  
E. S. Golovchinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Purine Derivative ◽  
Derivative Series

Syntheses in the purine derivative series

1974 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 614-617
Author(s):  
O. V. Kozlova ◽  
L. A. Nikolaeva ◽  
I. M. Ovcharova ◽  
I. V. Persiyanova ◽  
E. S. Golovchinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Purine Derivative ◽  
Derivative Series

The effect of rumen protozoa on the urinary excretion of purine derivatives in goats

2003 ◽  
Vol 140 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. FUJIHARA ◽  
M. TODOROKI ◽  
K. NAKAMURA
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Purine Derivative ◽  
Rumen Protozoa ◽  
The Mean

Urinary purine derivative (PD) excretion was estimated to examine the effect of rumen protozoa on total PD excretion in goats fed hay and a concentrate diet. The effect of increasing protozoa number in the rumen on nitrogen (N) balance and urinary PD excretion was determined after inoculation. Protozoa increased slowly until 4 days after inoculation, and on the 5th day after inoculation rapidly, finally (10 days) reaching 4·1×105/ml of rumen contents similar to that before defaunation. Urinary N excretion showed a small (non-significant) decrease. Urinary PD excretion did not change until the 7th day, and then the level decreased on the 8th day after faunation presumably due to the effect of increased protozoa in the rumen. The mean urinary total PD excretion significantly (P<0·05) decreased in the defaunated group compared with that in the faunated group. Comparable changes were not seen in plasma PD level of faunated and defaunated groups.

scholarly journals Coffee hull in the diet of dairy heifers: nitrogen balance and microbial protein synthesis

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1141-1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Lima de Souza ◽  
Rasmo Garcia ◽  
Luciano da Silva Cabral ◽  
Mara Lúcia Albuquerque Pereira ◽  
Rilene Ferreira Diniz Valadares
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Purine Derivative ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Random Block ◽  
Random Block Design

It was evaluated nitrogen compounds and microbial protein synthesis in heifers fed diets containing coffee hulls (0.0; 8.75; 17.25; and 26.25% of dry matter) replacing ground corn concentrate at the following levels of coffee hulls in the total diet dry matter: 0.0, 3.5, 7.0 or 10.5%. It was used 24 crossbreed heifers (7/8, 15/16 and 31/32 Holstein-Zebu), which were distributed in a random block design made up accordingly to the weight of the animals. Spot samples of urine were colleted aproximatelly four hours after morning feeding and were used to estimate microbial protein synthesis by using urine purine derivatives. It was not observed effect of coffee hull levels in the diet on total nitrogen intake (160 g/day) and nitrogen excretion in the urine (87.4 g/day). The inclusion of coffee hull in the diet linearly increased nitrogen excretion in feces, as well as nitrogen balance. There was linear reduction in urinary excretion of allantoin, in total purine derivative and absorbed purine, which reduced 0.715, 0.873, and 0.954 mmol/day to each coffee hull unity added to the concentrate, respectively. Coffee hull altered microbial protein synthesis, which reduced in 0.687 g/day to each coffee hull unity added to the concentrate. Reduction in microbial protein synthesis can reduce weight gain in heifers fed coffee hulls.

scholarly journals Effects of crude protein level in the concentrate and time allotment on pasture on milk yield, urinary nitrogen, and purine derivative excretion in lactating Latxa ewes

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 1025
Author(s):  
R. Fernández ◽  
A. R. Seradj ◽  
L. M. Oregi ◽  
A. García-Rodríguez ◽  
J. Balcells
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Excretion Rate ◽  
Purine Derivative ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Continuous Grazing ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Time Allotment ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

This study assessed the influence of reducing the crude protein (CP) content (from 190 to 130 g/kg CP/kg) in the supplementary concentrate and time allotment on pasture (TAP) on the milk yield, bodyweight, and the urinary nitrogen (N) and purine derivatives (PD) in lactating Latxa ewes. Animals were reared in a production system that restricted the amount of time that ewes spent on pasture. In mid-April, at the start of the 42 days experiment, 40 dairy Latxa ewes were assigned to one of four groups on the basis of their initial milk yield, days in lactation (DIL), bodyweight (BW), and condition score; thereafter, each group grazed in its own fenced paddock. The experiment was based on a 2 × 2 factorial design that included two CP levels and two pasture grazing regimes: 4 h continuous grazing (CG) in the morning or 2 h grazing in the morning and 2 h in the afternoon (DG). Individual milk yield was recorded three times a week, and time spent grazing and BW was recorded weekly. In the middle (day 15–17; P1) and at the end (day 36–38; P2) of the experiment, urinary spot samples were collected using a catheter. At the end of the experiment, ewes were confined to metabolic cages and urine was collected. CP level of the concentrate was not correlated with time spent grazing; however, the ewes that were permitted access to pasture twice per day spent more time grazing (223 min/day vs 207 min/day, P < 0.01) and were more efficient with their time (56 min/h grazing vs 52 min/h, P < 0.05) than the ewes that were permitted access to pasture once per day. Concentrate CP levels were not correlated with milk yield or composition, although ewes that received the high protein (HP) lost more weight than did those that received the low protein (LP) concentrate. Concentrate CP level and TAP were not correlated with creatinine (CR) excretion rate (mean = 315 µmol/kg LW0.75 s.e. 0.0161). Urea-N was the largest component of urinary-N (68.7 s.e. 2.33%; P > 0.05), and urea-N waste was higher in HP ewes (202.7 mmol/day) than it was in LP ewes (159.5 mmol/day) (s.d. 27.83; P < 0.01). Ewes subjected to the DG regime had significantly (P < 0.01) higher urinary PD excretion (23.6 vs 21.4 mmol/day s.d. 4.01; P < 0.01), and tended (P < 0.1) to excrete less urea-N (175.1 vs 188.3 mmol, s.d. 27.83) than did the CG ewes. A reduction in the CP in the supplementary concentrate led to a reduction in N waste without having a detrimental effect on performance or milk production.

The influence of supplementing rapidly degraded fibre with different forms of nitrogen on microbial protein synthesis in sheep

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 92-92
Author(s):  
S. Chikunya ◽  
E. L. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Purine Derivative ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Current Systems

There is controversy in the literature concerning the effect of amino acid (AA) and peptide nitrogen on microbial activity in ruminants fed diets high in structural carbohydrates. Microbial protein is the most variable and uncertain element of current systems of evaluating protein requirements for ruminants (ARC, 1984). Some of the variability is attributed to the multiplicity of techniques for estimating microbial yield, some of which are both imprecise and cumbersome. This study investigates the effects of different forms of nitrogen on microbial activity in sheep fed a rapidly degraded fibrous basal diet and attempts to validate the recently developed purine derivative (PD) technique by comparing it to other procedures used to estimate microbial protein synthesis under the same conditions.

scholarly journals Environmental Benzopyrene Attenuates Stemness of Placenta-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells via Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
June Seok Heo ◽  
Ja-Yun Lim ◽  
Sangshin Pyo ◽  
Dae Wui Yoon ◽  
Dongsook Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Purine Derivative ◽  
Aryl Hydrocarbon ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

The toxic effects of particulate matter have been linked to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as benzopyrene. PAHs are potent inducers of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), which is an expressed nuclear receptor that senses environmental stimuli and modulates gene expression. Even though several studies have shown that the benzopyrene (BP) of chemical pollutants significantly impaired stem cell activity, the exact molecular mechanisms were not clearly elucidated. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of BP on placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PD-MSCs) in vitro. We found that the AhR in PD-MSCs was expressed under the treatment of BP, and its activation markedly disrupted osteogenic differentiation through the alteration of stemness activity of PD-MSCs. Moreover, BP treatment significantly reduced the proliferation activity of PD-MSCs and expression of pluripotent markers through the induction of AhR. Treatment with StemRegenin 1 (SR1), a purine derivative that antagonizes the AhR, effectively prevented BP-induced reduction of the proliferation and differentiation activity of PD-MSCs. In this study, we found that BP treatment in PD-MSCs markedly obstructs PD-MSC stemness through AhR signaling. Noteworthy, SR1-mediated MSC application will contribute to new perspectives on MSC-based therapies for air pollution-related bone diseases.

Effects of pantothenic acid and folic acid supplementation on total tract digestibility coefficient, ruminal fermentation, microbial enzyme activity, microflora and urinary purine derivatives in dairy bulls

2019 ◽  
Vol 157 (6) ◽  
pp. 555-562
Author(s):  
Z. Z. Wu ◽  
C. Wang ◽  
G. W. Zhang ◽  
Q. Liu ◽  
G. Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Purine Derivative ◽  
Dairy Bulls

AbstractThe effects of pantothenic acid (PA) and folic acid (FA) addition on digestibility coefficient, ruminal fermentation and urinary purine derivative (PD) excretion in dairy bulls were evaluated. Eight rumen-cannulated Holstein dairy bulls were allocated to a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design according to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Diets were supplemented with two levels of FA (0 or 8.0 mg/kg dietary dry matter [DM]) and two of PA (0 or 60 mg/kg DM). The PA × FA interaction was not significant for all variables. Both supplements increased DM intake and average daily gain, but decreased a feed conversion ratio. Digestibility of DM, organic matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fibre increased, but ether extract digestibility was unchanged for both supplements. Digestibility of acid detergent fibre only increased with FA supplementation. For both supplements, ruminal pH and ammonia nitrogen (N) decreased, but total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration increased. Acetate proportion only increased with FA supplementation. Propionate proportion decreased for both supplements. Consequently, the acetate to propionate ratio increased. For both supplements, activity of xylanase and pectinase, population of Ruminococcus albus, R. flavefaciens, Fibrobacter succinogenes and Ruminobacter amylophilus and total PD excretion increased. Additionally, activity of carboxymethylcellulase, cellobiase, α-amylase and protease, and population of total bacteria, fungi, protozoa, methanogens, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and Prevotella ruminicola increased with FA addition. The results suggested that PA and FA supplementation stimulated ruminal microbial growth and enzyme activity, resulting in an increased digestibility coefficient and ruminal total VFA concentration in dairy bulls.

scholarly journals Identification of Potential Biomarkers for Early Prediction of Gestational Diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 645-645
Author(s):  
Lauren McMichael ◽  
Catherine Johnson ◽  
Rob Fanter ◽  
Alex Brito ◽  
Noemi Alarcon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
The United States ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Purine Derivative ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

Abstract Objectives Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is present in up to 10% of pregnancies in the United States. The occurrence of GDM causes severe short- and long-term complications for the mother and offspring. baby pre- and post-partum. Identification of the metabolites and potential biomarkers involved in GDM could improve the prediction of its occurence. The integration of food data with metabolite results could provide innovative diet intervention strategies. The objective of this study is to identify metabolites that differed in the first and third trimesters of GDM versus Non-GDM pregnancies. Methods Participants were 68 OW/OB pregnant women enrolled in the Healthy Beginnings Trial and completed blood draws at first (10–16 weeks) and third trimester (28–35 weeks).  Participants from the control and dietary intervention group who developed GDM (n = 34; GDM group) were matched on age, BMI, ethnicity, and treatment group with those who did not develop GDM (n = 34; Non-GDM group). Plasma samples were analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-hybrid triple-quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTRAP) using three targeted metabolomics assays for primary metabolomics, aminomics and lipdomics. Dietary intake was estimated using 24 hour recalls in order to assess potential dietary differences between groups. Results A total of 243 metabolites were identified in the plasma samples. At first trimester, several complex lipids, including cholestryl esters and phospholipids, were higher in the GDM group (P &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, the purine derivative hypoxanthine was also higher in GDM subjects (P &lt; 0.05). At third trimester, multiple acylcarnitines, associated with utilization of fat for energy, were lower in the GDM group (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions Metabolite differences between GDM and Non-GDM groups in plasma samples collected during first trimester may predict the development of GDM. Further research is required to identify the roles these metabolite changes play in the development of this disease. Funding Sources NIH National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI; HL114377), ARI #58,875, Cal Poly CAFES SURP.

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