Measurements of absolute temperature below 0.75 K using a Josephson-junction noise thermometer

1994 ◽  
Vol 94 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 385-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Soulen ◽  
W. E. Fogle ◽  
J. H. Colwell
Keyword(s):  
Josephson Junction ◽  
Absolute Temperature ◽  
Noise Thermometer

Modeling the impedance of a Josephson-junction noise thermometer

1981 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 3588-3591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Peterson ◽  
Deborah Van Vechten
Keyword(s):  
Josephson Junction ◽  
Noise Thermometer

Systematic studies of the effect of a post-detection filter on a Josephson-junction noise thermometer

1990 ◽  
Vol 165-166 ◽  
pp. 111-112
Author(s):  
Robert J. Soulen ◽  
William E. Fogle ◽  
Jack H. Colwell
Keyword(s):  
Josephson Junction ◽  
Noise Thermometer ◽  
Detection Filter

scholarly journals Systematic studies of the effect of a bandpass filter on a Josephson-junction noise thermometer

1991 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 2920-2923 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Jr Soulen ◽  
W.E. Fogle ◽  
J.H. Colwell
Keyword(s):  
Josephson Junction ◽  
Bandpass Filter ◽  
Noise Thermometer

Residual Gas Reactions in the Electron Microscope: I. Qualitative Observations on the Water Gas Reaction

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 292-293
Author(s):  
Richard E. Hartman ◽  
Roberta S. Hartman ◽  
Peter L. Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Absolute Temperature ◽  
Residual Gas ◽  
Gas Reactions ◽  
Image Position ◽  
The Right ◽  
Water Gas ◽  
Thinning Rate

The action of water and the electron beam on organic specimens in the electron microscope results in the removal of oxidizable material (primarily hydrogen and carbon) by reactions similar to the water gas reaction .which has the form:The energy required to force the reaction to the right is supplied by the interaction of the electron beam with the specimen.The mass of water striking the specimen is given by:where u = gH2O/cm2 sec, PH2O = partial pressure of water in Torr, & T = absolute temperature of the gas phase. If it is assumed that mass is removed from the specimen by a reaction approximated by (1) and that the specimen is uniformly thinned by the reaction, then the thinning rate in A/ min iswhere x = thickness of the specimen in A, t = time in minutes, & E = efficiency (the fraction of the water striking the specimen which reacts with it).

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