Intrinsic critical velocities in superfluid4He flow through 12-?m diameter orifices near T?: Experiments on the effect of geometry

1995 ◽  
Vol 98 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 591-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Shifflett ◽  
G. B. Hess
Author(s):  
Douglas Sanchez ◽  
Juan E. Salazar

This paper presents numerical simulation of the water flow through the radial gates of the 2,280 MW Caruchi Dam, in southern Venezuela, and its relation to the vibration of the dam’s spillways and adjacent Control Building. The study is conducted as a contribution in determining the source of vibration of the fore mentioned structures in the case of gates opening above the normal values of up to 5 m, which occur when a larger water discharge is required in order to maintain an adequate level of the reservoir during the rainy season. The aim of the study was to find the pressure distribution and velocity profiles of the discharge flow through one of the dam’s radial gates and determine critical (reduced) velocities that may result in flow-induced vibration of the gates, as they were deemed to be the source of vibration of the whole set of structures in the first place. For this purpose, a commercially available FEM code was used. Three-dimensional CFD models were developed to simulate behavior of the flow when being released to the spillways, for opening values of 2, 5, 10 and 14 m, including the effect of the spillways’ deflectors. Modal analyses of the gate were performed, to take into account natural vibration frequencies in the determination of its critical velocities. After comparison of the gate’s critical velocities and velocity values from the CFD simulations, it is fair to say that the discharge flow does not directly induce vibration on the gates but rather on the spillways’ structure. This conclusion disregards flow through the gates as triggering the vibration phenomena which gave origin to this project, and puts the emphasis now on studying water flow effects on vibration in the spillway which, if not corrected on time, may ultimately lead to its catastrophic failure.


1974 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 885-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Hulin ◽  
D. D'Humieres ◽  
B. Perrin ◽  
A. Libchaber

Author(s):  
Stephen Gillen ◽  
Craig Meskell

Investigation of steady flow through a normal triangular tube bundle is carried out numerically using a 2D Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes solver. Pitch to diameter ratios of 1.25 and 1.32 are simulated with a single tube displaced and the resulting force coefficients measured. Comparison of pressure coefficient with experimental data indicates simulations provide a reliable indication of Reynolds number dependence. These fluid force coefficients are then used as input into the quasi-unsteady model in order to predict the critical velocity of damping controlled fluidelastic instability for a single degree of freedom tube within an array. The predicted critical velocities are in the range of empirical data from the literature. The predicted critical velocities for the pitch ratio of 1.25 are within 30% of the experimental values previously reported.


1996 ◽  
Vol 46 (S1) ◽  
pp. 131-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Lindensmith ◽  
J. A. Flaten ◽  
W. Zimmermann

Author(s):  
Richard L. Leino ◽  
Jon G. Anderson ◽  
J. Howard McCormick

Groups of 12 fathead minnows were exposed for 129 days to Lake Superior water acidified (pH 5.0, 5.5, 6.0 or 6.5) with reagent grade H2SO4 by means of a multichannel toxicant system for flow-through bioassays. Untreated water (pH 7.5) had the following properties: hardness 45.3 ± 0.3 (95% confidence interval) mg/1 as CaCO3; alkalinity 42.6 ± 0.2 mg/1; Cl- 0.03 meq/1; Na+ 0.05 meq/1; K+ 0.01 meq/1; Ca2+ 0.68 meq/1; Mg2+ 0.26 meq/1; dissolved O2 5.8 ± 0.3 mg/1; free CO2 3.2 ± 0.4 mg/1; T= 24.3 ± 0.1°C. The 1st, 2nd and 3rd gills were subsequently processed for LM (methacrylate), TEM and SEM respectively.Three changes involving chloride cells were correlated with increasing acidity: 1) the appearance of apical pits (figs. 2,5 as compared to figs. 1, 3,4) in chloride cells (about 22% of the chloride cells had pits at pH 5.0); 2) increases in their numbers and 3) increases in the % of these cells in the epithelium of the secondary lamellae.


Author(s):  
Tian-Chyi Yeh ◽  
Raziuddin Khaleel ◽  
Kenneth C. Carroll
Keyword(s):  

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