Combustion stability of a powder burning in a semiconfined space

1969 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-143
Author(s):  
S. D. Grishin ◽  
I. I. Podtynkov
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Stability ◽  
Powder Burning

scholarly journals Effect of Temperature Conditions on Flame Evolutions of Turbulent Jet Ignition

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2226
Author(s):  
Jiaying Pan ◽  
Yu He ◽  
Tao Li ◽  
Haiqiao Wei ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Propagation ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Turbulent Jet ◽  
Combustion Stability ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Main Chamber ◽  
Detailed Chemical Kinetics ◽  
Jet Flame ◽  
Spherical Flame ◽  
Temperature Conditions

Turbulent jet ignition technology can significantly improve lean combustion stability and suppress engine knocking. However, the narrow jet channel between the pre-chamber and the main chamber leads to some difficulties in heat exchange, which significantly affects combustion performance and mechanical component lifetime. To clarify the effect of temperature conditions on combustion evolutions of turbulent jet ignition, direct numerical simulations with detailed chemical kinetics were employed under engine-relevant conditions. The flame propagation in the pre-chamber and the early-stage turbulent jet ignition in the main chamber were investigated. The results show that depending on temperature conditions, two types of flame configuration can be identified in the main chamber, i.e., the normal turbulent jet flame propagation and the spherical flame propagation, and the latter is closely associated with pressure wave disturbance. Under low-temperature conditions, the cold jet stoichiometric mixtures and the vortexes induced by the jet flow determine the early-stage flame development in the main chamber. Under intermediate temperature conditions, pre-flame heat release and leading pressure waves are induced in the jet channel, which can be regarded as a transition of different combustion modes. Whereas under high-temperature conditions, irregular auto-ignition events start to occur, and spherical flame fronts are induced in the main chamber, behaving faster flame propagation.

scholarly journals The Effect of RME-1-Butanol Blends on Combustion, Performance and Emission of a Direct Injection Diesel Engine

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2941
Author(s):  
Wojciech Tutak ◽  
Arkadiusz Jamrozik ◽  
Karol Grab-Rogaliński
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Combustion Stability ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Energy Share ◽  
The Stability

The main objective of this study was assessment of the performance, emissions and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine using RME–1-butanol blends. In assessing the combustion process, great importance was placed on evaluating the stability of this process. Not only were the typical COVIMEP indicators assessed, but also the non-burnability of the characteristic combustion stages: ignition delay, time of 50% heat release and the end of combustion. The evaluation of the combustion process based on the analysis of heat release. The tests carried out on a 1-cylinder diesel engine operating at a constant load. Research and evaluation of the combustion process of a mixture of RME and 1-butanol carried out for the entire range of shares of both fuels up to 90% of 1-butanol energetic fraction. The participation of butanol in combustion process with RME increased the in-cylinder peak pressure and the heat release rate. With the increase in the share of butanol there was noted a decrease in specific energy consumption and an increase in engine efficiency. The share of butanol improved the combustion stability. There was also an increase in NOx emissions and decrease in CO and soot emissions. The engine can be power by blend up to 80% energy share of butanol.

scholarly journals Improving Blowout Performance of the Conical Swirler Combustor by Employing Two Parts of Fuel at Low Operating Condition

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1681
Author(s):  
Yixiang Yuan ◽  
Qinghua Zeng ◽  
Jun Yao ◽  
Yongjun Zhang ◽  
Mengmeng Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Ratio ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Stability Boundary ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Combustion Stability ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Contact Ratio ◽  
Fuel Distribution

Aiming at the problem of the narrow combustion stability boundary, a conical swirler was designed and constructed based on the concept of fuel distribution. The blowout performance was studied at specified low operating conditions by a combination of experimental testing and numerical simulations. Research results indicate that the technique of the fuel distribution can enhance the combustion stability and widen the boundary of flameout within the range of testing conditions. The increase of the fuel distribution ratio improves the combustion stability but leads to an increase in NOx emission simultaneously. The simulation results show the increase of the fuel distribution ratio causes contact ratio increase in the area of lower reference velocity and gas temperature increase. The increased contact ratio and temperature contribute to the blowout performance enhancement, which is identical to the analysis result of the Damkohler number. The reported work in this paper has potential application value for the development of an industrial burner and combustor with high stability and low NOx emission, especially when the combustion system is required to be stable and efficient at low working conditions.

An experimental study on optimal spark timing control for improved performance of a flex fuel vehicle engine

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (5) ◽  
pp. 1294-1303
Author(s):  
Junsang Yoo ◽  
Taeyong Lee ◽  
Pyungsik Go ◽  
Yongseok Cho ◽  
Kwangsoon Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Equation ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Linear Interpolation ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Combustion Stability ◽  
Timing Control ◽  
Vehicle Engine ◽  
Spark Timing ◽  
Linear Interpolation Method ◽  
Blended Fuels

In the American continent, the most frequently used alternative fuel is ethanol. Especially in Brazil, various blends of gasoline–ethanol fuels are widely spread. The vehicle using blended fuel is called flexible fuel vehicle. Because of several selections for the blending ratios in gas stations, the fuel properties may vary after refueling depending on a driver’s selection. Also, the combustion characteristics of the flexible fuel vehicle engine may change. In order to respond to the flexible fuel vehicle market in Brazil, a study on blended fuels is performed. The main purpose of this study is to enhance performance of the flexible fuel vehicle engine to target Brazilian market. Therefore, we investigated combustion characteristics and optimal spark timings of the blended fuels with various blending ratios to improve the performance of the flexible fuel vehicle engine. As a tool for prediction of the optimal spark timing for the 1.6L flexible fuel vehicle engine, the empirical equation was suggested. The validity of the equation was investigated by comparing the predicted optimal spark timings with the stock spark timings through engine tests. When the stock spark timings of E0 and E100 were optimal, the empirical equation predicted the actual optimal spark timings for blended fuels with a good accuracy. In all conditions, by optimizing spark timing control, performance was improved. Especially, torque improvements of E30 and E50 fuels were 5.4% and 1.8%, respectively, without affecting combustion stability. From these results, it was concluded that the linear interpolation method is not suitable for flexible fuel vehicle engine control. Instead of linear interpolation method, optimal spark timing which reflects specific octane numbers of gasoline–ethanol blended fuels should be applied to maximize performance of the flexible fuel vehicle engine. The results of this study are expected to save the effort required for engine calibration when developing new flexible fuel vehicle engines and to be used as a basic strategy to improve the performance of other flexible fuel vehicle engines.

Siemens SGT-800 Industrial Gas Turbine Enhanced to 50MW: Combustor Design Modifications, Validation and Operation Experience

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Lörstad ◽  
Annika Lindholm ◽  
Jan Pettersson ◽  
Mats Björkman ◽  
Ingvar Hultmark
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Combustion Stability ◽  
Combustion System ◽  
Design Work ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Cooling Air

Siemens Oil & Gas introduced an enhanced SGT-800 gas turbine during 2010. The new power rating is 50.5MW at a 38.3% electrical efficiency in simple cycle (ISO) and best in class combined-cycle performance of more than 55%, for improved fuel flexibility at low emissions. The updated components in the gas turbine are interchangeable from the existing 47MW rating. The increased power and improved efficiency are mainly obtained by improved compressor airfoil profiles and improved turbine aerodynamics and cooling air layout. The current paper is focused on the design modifications of the combustor parts and the combustion validation and operation experience. The serial cooling system of the annular combustion chamber is improved using aerodynamically shaped liner cooling air inlet and reduced liner rib height to minimize the pressure drop and optimize the cooling layout to improve the life due to engine operation hours. The cold parts of the combustion chamber were redesigned using cast cooling struts where the variable thickness was optimized to maximize the cycle life. Due to fewer thicker vanes of the turbine stage #1, the combustor-turbine interface is accordingly updated to maintain the life requirements due to the upstream effect of the stronger pressure gradient. Minor burner tuning is used which in combination with the previously introduced combustor passive damping results in low emissions for >50% load, which is insensitive to ambient conditions. The combustion system has shown excellent combustion stability properties, such as to rapid load changes and large flame temperature range at high loads, which leads to the possibility of single digit Dry Low Emission (DLE) NOx. The combustion system has also shown insensitivity to fuels of large content of hydrogen, different hydrocarbons, inerts and CO. Also DLE liquid operation shows low emissions for 50–100% load. The first SGT-800 with 50.5MW rating was successfully tested during the Spring 2010 and the expected performance figures were confirmed. The fleet leader has, up to January 2013, accumulated >16000 Equivalent Operation Hours (EOH) and a planned follow up inspection made after 10000 EOH by boroscope of the hot section showed that the combustor was in good condition. This paper presents some details of the design work carried out during the development of the combustor design enhancement and the combustion operation experience from the first units.

Effects of vorticity transport on combustion stability

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. FLANDRO ◽  
R. ROACH ◽  
T. SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Stability ◽  
Vorticity Transport

Extension of the Combustion Stability Range in Dry Low NOx Lean Premixed Gas Turbine Combustor Using a Fuel Rich Annular Pilot Burner

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Rosentsvit ◽  
Y. Levy ◽  
V. Erenburg ◽  
V. Sherbaum ◽  
V. Ovcharenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Combustion Zone ◽  
Combustion Instability ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Combustion Stability ◽  
Stability Range ◽  
Numerical Effort ◽  
Lean Premixed ◽  
Pilot Burner

The present work is concerned with improving combustion stability in lean premixed (LP) gas turbine combustors by injecting free radicals into the combustion zone. The work is a joint experimental and numerical effort aimed at investigating the feasibility of incorporating a circumferential pilot combustor, which operates under rich conditions and directs its radicals enriched exhaust gases into the main combustion zone as the means for stabilization. The investigation includes the development of a chemical reactors network (CRN) model that is based on perfectly stirred reactors modules and on preliminary CFD analysis as well as on testing the method on an experimental model under laboratory conditions. The study is based on the hypothesis that under lean combustion conditions, combustion instability is linked to local extinctions of the flame and consequently, there is a direct correlation between the limiting conditions affecting combustion instability and the lean blowout (LBO) limit of the flame. The experimental results demonstrated the potential reduction of the combustion chamber's LBO limit while maintaining overall NOx emission concentration values within the typical range of low NOx burners and its delicate dependence on the equivalence ratio of the ring pilot flame. A similar result was revealed through the developed CHEMKIN-PRO CRN model that was applied to find the LBO limits of the combined pilot burner and main combustor system, while monitoring the associated emissions. Hence, both the CRN model, and the experimental results, indicate that the radicals enriched ring jet is effective at stabilizing the LP flame, while keeping the NOx emission level within the characteristic range of low NOx combustors.

Tumble Flow Measurements Using Three Different Methods and Its Effects on Fuel Economy and Emissions

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myoungjin Kim ◽  
Sihun Lee ◽  
Wootae Kim
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Economy ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Combustion Stability ◽  
Lean Burn ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Part Load ◽  
Gasoline Engines ◽  
Dynamometer Test

In-cylinder flows such as tumble and swirl have an important role on the engine combustion efficiencies and emission formations. In particular, the tumble flow, which is dominant in-cylinder flow in current high performance gasoline engines, has an important effect on the fuel consumptions and exhaust emissions under part load conditions. Therefore, it is important to know the effect of the tumble ratio on the part load performance and optimize the tumble ratio of a gasoline engine for better fuel economy and exhaust emissions. First step in optimizing a tumble flow is to measure a tumble ratio accurately. In this research the tumble flow was measured, compared and correlated using three different measurement methods: steady flow rig, 2-Dimensional PIV, and 3-Dimensional PTV. Engine dynamometer test was performed to find out the effect of the tumble ratio on the part load performance. Dynamometer test results of high tumble ratio engine showed faster combustion speed, retarded MBT timing, higher exhaust emissions, and a better lean burn combustion stability. Lean limit of the baseline engine was expanded from A/F=18:1 to A/F=21:1 by increasing a tumble ratio using MTV.

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