Application of the two-structure model of water to dilute aqueous solutions of electrolytes

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-490
Author(s):  
V. M. Vdovenko ◽  
Yu. V. Gurikov ◽  
E. K. Legin
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Structure Model ◽  
Solutions Of Electrolytes ◽  
Dilute Aqueous Solutions

On theory of ionic volumes in dilute aqueous solutions of electrolytes

1988 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Čeleda
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Empirical Model ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Divalent Ions ◽  
Theoretical Substantiation ◽  
Ionic Volumes ◽  
Adjacent Structure ◽  
Solutions Of Electrolytes ◽  
Dilute Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Strong Electrolytes

For purposes of calculation of densities of aqueous solutions of strong electrolytes and of their mixtures, theoretical substantiation of the formerly outlined empirical model of apparent molar ionic volumes φ in solution is presented. According to the model, the hydration sheaths of ions consisting of radially close-packed H2O molecules having effective molar volume V’w the same for all ions, are on their contact with the adjacent structure of liquid water surrounded by a layer of excess voids. This layer can bee substituted in the model by continuous gap of which d0, which again is common to all the ions and is temperature-independent. Using experimental φ values of twenty-seven strong electrolytes together with the data on electrolytic transport of water on ions, V’w = 12 cm3 mol-1 and d0 = (40 ± 2) pm were found for mono- and divalent ions in 1 mol dm-3 solutions, independently of ionic charges and crystallographic radii. The exception are small ions Li+ and Na+, the volumes of which – if interpreted on the basis of the model – correspond to hydration sheaths formed by a cluster of voluminous ice-like structure. An anomaly in this respect has been encountered also in the case of NH+4 ion.

Gas holdup in bubbled beds of aqueous solutions of electrolytes

1977 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 2642-2650
Author(s):  
F. Kaštánek ◽  
J. Kratochvíl ◽  
J. Pata ◽  
M. Rylek
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Gas Holdup ◽  
Solutions Of Electrolytes

The metachor as a characteristic of the association of electrolytes in aqueous solutions

1984 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 1061-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Čeleda ◽  
Stanislav Škramovský
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Apparent Volume ◽  
Solutions Of Electrolytes ◽  
Molal Volumes ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Suitable Characteristic ◽  
Association Of Ions ◽  
Very High

Based on the earlier paper introducing a concept of the apparent parachor of a solute in the solution, we have eliminated in the present work algebraically the effect which is introduced into this quantity by the additivity of the apparent molal volumes. The difference remaining from the apparent parachor after substracting the contribution corresponding to the apparent volume ( for which the present authors suggest the name metachor) was evaluated from the experimental values of the surface tension of aqueous solutions for a set of 1,1-, 1,2- and 2,1-valent electrolytes. This difference showed to be independent of concentration up to the very high values of the order of units mol dm-3 but it was directly proportional to the number of the free charges (with a proportionality factor 5 ± 1 cm3 mol-1 identical for all studied electrolytes). The metachor can be, for this reason, a suitable characteristic for detection of the association of ions and formation of complexes in the solutions of electrolytes, up to high concentrations where other methods are failing.

The reactions of oligoalcohols with arsenic, arsenous, boric and germanic acids

1980 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 2645-2655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonín Mikan ◽  
Miloš Bartušek
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Equilibrium Constants ◽  
Dilute Aqueous Solutions

The reactions of sorbitol, mannitol, adonitol, dulcitol, glucose and glycerol with H3AsO4, H3AsO3, H3BO3 and GeO2 acids in dilute aqueous solutions were studied by potentiometric neutralization titrations. The formation of the following chelates was demonstrated: As(V)L3-, As(III)L(OH)2-, HAs(III)L(OH)2, BL2-, GeL2(OH)- and GeL32- and the equilibrium constants for their formation were found. Conditions for formation of these chelates of organic oligohydroxy compounds are discussed.

Study of potential oscillations during reaction of an aluminium single crystal with an aqueous KOH solution

1990 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Halaša ◽  
Milica Miadoková
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Periodic Potential ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Potential Oscillations ◽  
Dilute Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Kinetics Of

The authors investigated periodic potential changes measured on oriented sections of Al single crystals during spontaneous dissolution in dilute aqueous solutions of KOH, with the aim to find optimum conditions for the formation of potential oscillations. It was found that this phenomenon is related with the kinetics of the reaction investigated, whose rate also changed periodically. The mechanism of the oscillations is discussed in view of the experimental findings.

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