Two-dimensional instability of the combustion of porous substances in a gaseous oxidizer

1980 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Sukhov ◽  
L. P. Yarin
Keyword(s):  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Gaseous Oxidizer ◽  
Dimensional Instability

Three-dimensional instabilities in the boundary-layer flow over a long rectangular plate

2011 ◽  
Vol 681 ◽  
pp. 411-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
HEMANT K. CHAURASIA ◽  
MARK C. THOMPSON
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Shear Layer ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Vortical Flow ◽  
Forced Flow ◽  
Recirculation Region ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Optimal Perturbation ◽  
Dimensional Instability

A detailed numerical study of the separating and reattaching flow over a square leading-edge plate is presented, examining the instability modes governing transition from two- to three-dimensional flow. Under the influence of background noise, experiments show that the transition scenario typically is incompletely described by either global stability analysis or the transient growth of dominant optimal perturbation modes. Instead two-dimensional transition effectively can be triggered by the convective Kelvin–Helmholtz (KH) shear-layer instability; although it may be possible that this could be described alternatively in terms of higher-order optimal perturbation modes. At least in some experiments, observed transition occurs by either: (i) KH vortices shedding downstream directly and then almost immediately undergoing three-dimensional transition or (ii) at higher Reynolds numbers, larger vortical structures are shed that are also three-dimensionally unstable. These two paths lead to distinctly different three-dimensional arrangements of vortical flow structures. This paper focuses on the mechanisms underlying these three-dimensional transitions. Floquet analysis of weakly periodically forced flow, mimicking the observed two-dimensional quasi-periodic base flow, indicates that the two-dimensional vortex rollers shed from the recirculation region become globally three-dimensionally unstable at a Reynolds number of approximately 380. This transition Reynolds number and the predicted wavelength and flow symmetries match well with those of the experiments. The instability appears to be elliptical in nature with the perturbation field mainly restricted to the cores of the shed rollers and showing the spatial vorticity distribution expected for that instability type. Indeed an estimate of the theoretical predicted wavelength is also a good match to the prediction from Floquet analysis and theoretical estimates indicate the growth rate is positive. Fully three-dimensional simulations are also undertaken to explore the nonlinear development of the three-dimensional instability. These show the development of the characteristic upright hairpins observed in the experimental dye visualisations. The three-dimensional instability that manifests at lower Reynolds numbers is shown to be consistent with an elliptic instability of the KH shear-layer vortices in both symmetry and spanwise wavelength.

A Study of Spike and Modal Stall Phenomena in a Low-Speed Axial Compressor

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Camp ◽  
I. J. Day
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Axial Compressor ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Stability Criteria ◽  
Stall Inception ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Dimensional Instability

This paper presents a study of stall inception mechanisms a in low-speed axial compressor. Previous work has identified two common flow breakdown sequences, the first associated with a short lengthscale disturbance known as a ‘spike’, and the second with a longer lengthscale disturbance known as a ‘modal oscillation’. In this paper the physical differences between these two mechanisms are illustrated with detailed measurements. Experimental results are also presented which relate the occurrence of the two stalling mechanisms to the operating conditions of the compressor. It is shown that the stability criteria for the two disturbances are different: long lengthscale disturbances are related to a two-dimensional instability of the whole compression system, while short lengthscale disturbances indicate a three-dimensional breakdown of the flow-field associated with high rotor incidence angles. Based on the experimental measurements, a simple model is proposed which explains the type of stall inception pattern observed in a particular compressor. Measurements from a single stage low-speed compressor and from a multistage high-speed compressor are presented in support of the model.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional visualization of the interaction of a vortex ring with a stratified interface

2017 ◽  
Vol 820 ◽  
pp. 549-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Olsthoorn ◽  
Stuart B. Dalziel
Keyword(s):  
Vortex Ring ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Richardson Number ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vortex Rings ◽  
Mixing Efficiency ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Displacement Mode ◽  
Dimensional Instability

The study of vortex-ring-induced stratified mixing has long played a key role in understanding externally forced stratified turbulent mixing. While several studies have investigated the dynamical evolution of such a system, this study presents an experimental investigation of the mechanical evolution of these vortex rings, including the stratification-modified three-dimensional instability. The aim of this paper is to understand how vortex rings induce mixing of the density field. We begin with a discussion of the Reynolds and Richardson number dependence of the vortex-ring interaction using two-dimensional particle image velocimetry measurements. Then, through the use of modern imaging techniques, we reconstruct from an experiment the full three-dimensional time-resolved velocity field of a vortex ring interacting with a stratified interface. This work agrees with many of the previous two-dimensional experimental studies, while providing insight into the three-dimensional instabilities of the system. Observations indicate that the three-dimensional instability has a similar wavenumber to that found for the unstratified vortex-ring instability at later times. We determine that the time scale associated with this instability growth has an inverse Richardson number dependence. Thus, the time scale associated with the instability is different from the time scale of interface recovery, possibly explaining the significant drop in mixing efficiency at low Richardson numbers. The structure of the underlying instability is a simple displacement mode of the vorticity field.

The two classes of primary modal instability in laminar separation bubbles

2013 ◽  
Vol 734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Rodríguez ◽  
Elmer M. Gennaro ◽  
Matthew P. Juniper
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Stream Velocity ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Global Instability ◽  
Laminar Separation ◽  
Centrifugal Instability ◽  
Separation Bubbles ◽  
Dimensional Instability ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Laminar Separation Bubbles

AbstractThe self-excited global instability mechanisms existing in flat-plate laminar separation bubbles are studied here, in order to shed light on the causes of unsteadiness and three-dimensionality of unforced, nominally two-dimensional separated flows. The presence of two known linear global mechanisms, namely an oscillator behaviour driven by local regions of absolute inflectional instability and a centrifugal instability giving rise to a steady three-dimensionalization of the bubble, is studied in a series of model separation bubbles. These results indicate that absolute instability, and consequently a global oscillator behaviour, does not exist for two-dimensional bubbles with a peak reversed-flow velocity below $12\hspace{0.167em} \% $ of the free-stream velocity. However, the three-dimensional instability becomes active for recirculation levels as low as ${u}_{rev} \approx 7\hspace{0.167em} \% $. These findings suggest a route to the three-dimensionality and unsteadiness observed in experiments and simulations substantially different from that usually found in the literature of laminar separation bubbles, in which two-dimensional vortex shedding is followed by three-dimensionalization.

Experimental characterization of viscoelastic effects on two- and three-dimensional shear instabilities

2000 ◽  
Vol 416 ◽  
pp. 151-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
OLIVIER CADOT ◽  
SATISH KUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Turbulent Flows ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Experimental Characterization ◽  
Elastic Forces ◽  
Viscoelastic Effects ◽  
Karman Street ◽  
Dimensional Instability ◽  
Elasticity Number

Instabilities of a wake produced by a circular cylinder in a uniform water flow are studied experimentally when viscoelastic solutions are injected through holes pierced in the cylinder. It is shown that the viscoelastic solutions fill the shear regions and drastically modify the instabilities. The two-dimensional instability giving rise to the Kármán street is found to be inhibited: the roll-up process appears to be delayed and the wavelength of the street increases. The wavelength increase obeys an exponential law and depends on the elasticity number, which provides a ratio of elastic forces to inertial forces. The three-dimensional instability leading to the A mode is generally found to be suppressed. In the rare case where the A mode is observed, its wavelength is shown to be proportional to the wavelength of the Kármán street and the streamwise stretching appears to be inhibited. Injection of viscoelastic solutions also decreases the aspect ratio of the two-dimensional wake, and this is correlated with stabilization of the A mode and with changes in the shape of the Kármán vortices. The observations of this work are consistent with recent numerical simulations of viscoelastic mixing layers. The results suggest mechanisms through which polymers inhibit the formation of high-vorticity coherent structures and reduce drag in turbulent flows.

Two-dimensional instability of the bottom boundary layer under a solitary wave

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 044101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud M. Sadek ◽  
Luis Parras ◽  
Peter J. Diamessis ◽  
Philip L.-F. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Solitary Wave ◽  
Bottom Boundary Layer ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Bottom Boundary ◽  
Dimensional Instability

Three-dimensional instability of a plane free shear layer: an experimental study of the formation and evolution of streamwise vortices

1988 ◽  
Vol 189 ◽  
pp. 53-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Lasheras ◽  
H. Choi
Keyword(s):  
Shear Layer ◽  
Strain Field ◽  
Principal Direction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Streamwise Vortex ◽  
Shear Instability ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Free Shear Layer ◽  
Dimensional Instability ◽  
Vortex Tubes

The three-dimensional development of a plane free shear layer subjected to small sinusoidal perturbations periodically placed along the span is experimentally studied. Both laser induced fluorescence and direct interface visualization are used to monitor the interface between the two fluids. The development of the different flow stabilities is obtained through analysis of the temporal and spatial evolution of the interface separating the two streams. It is shown that the characteristic time of growth of the two-dimensional shear instability is much shorter than that of the three-dimensional instability. The primary Kelvin-Helmholtz instability develops first, leading to the formation of an almost two-dimensional array of spanwise vortex tubes. Under the effect of the strain field created by the evolving spanwise vortices, the perturbed vorticity existing on the braids undergoes axial stretching, resulting in the formation of vortex tubes whose axes are aligned with the principal direction of the positive strain field. During the formation of these streamwise vortex tubes, the spanwise vortices maintain, to a great extent, their two-dimensionality, suggesting an almost uncoupled development of both instabilities. The vortex tubes formed through the three-dimensional instability of the braids further undergo nonlinear interactions with the spanwise vortices inducing on their cores a wavy undulation of the same wavelength, but 180° phase shifted with respect to the perturbation. In addition, it is shown that owing to the nature of the three-dimensional instability, the effect of vertical and axial perturbations are coupled. Finally, the influence of the amplitude and wavelength of the perturbation on the development of the two- and three-dimensional instabilities is described.

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