Experimental investigation of the dependence of the gain in a CO2?N2 gasdynamic laser on the water vapor content

1977 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. V. Belkov ◽  
V. P. Vakatov ◽  
B. K. Tkachenko ◽  
N. N. Shirokov
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Water Vapor Content ◽  
Gasdynamic Laser

GASDYNAMIC LASER WITH A HIGH WATER VAPOR CONTENT

1972 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-253
Author(s):  
A I Demin ◽  
E M Kudryavtsev ◽  
N N Sobolev ◽  
V N Faizulaev
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Vapor Content ◽  
Gasdynamic Laser

Experimental investigation of maximum permissible water-vapor content in CO2–H2O–N2laser

1974 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-295
Author(s):  
A I Demin ◽  
E M Kudryavtsev ◽  
N N Sobolev ◽  
V N Faizulaev
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Water Vapor Content

Long-term variation of water vapor content and precipitation in the Haihe river basin

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Chang ◽  
Ping Feng ◽  
Fawen Li ◽  
Yunming Gao
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Water Vapor Content ◽  
Haihe River Basin ◽  
Haihe River ◽  
Annual Water ◽  
Environmental Prediction ◽  
High Consistency ◽  
The Haihe River Basin

Based on the Haihe river basin National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research reanalysis data from 1948 to 2010 and the precipitation data of 53 hydrological stations during 1957–2010, this study analyzed the variation of water vapor content and precipitation, and investigated the correlation between them using several statistical methods. The results showed that the annual water vapor content decreased drastically from 1948 to 2010. It was comparatively high from the late 1940s to the late 1960s and depreciated from the early 1970s. From the southeast to the northwest of the Haihe river basin, there was a decrease in water vapor content. For vertical distribution, water vapor content from the ground to 700 hPa pressure level accounted for 72.9% of the whole atmospheric layer, which indicated that the water vapor of the Haihe river basin was mainly in the air close to the ground. The precipitation in the Haihe river basin during 1957–2010 decreased very slightly. According to the correlation analysis, the precipitation and water vapor content changes showed statistically positive correlation, in addition, their break points were both in the 1970s. Furthermore, the high consistency between the precipitation efficiency and precipitation demonstrates that water vapor content is one of the important factors in the formation of precipitation.

Effect of Water Vapor/Hydrogen Environments on Niobium, B-66 Niobium Alloy, Tantalum, and Ta-10W Alloy

CORROSION ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 272-280
Author(s):  
R. J. Walter ◽  
G. G. Bentle ◽  
W. T. Chandler
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Complex Function ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Niobium Alloy ◽  
Hydrogen Environment ◽  
Hydrogen Mixture ◽  
Effect Of Water

Abstract The results of an experimental investigation of the effect of water vapor/hydrogen environments on the mechanical properties of niobium, B-66 niobium alloy, tantalum, and Ta-10W alloy are presented. Tensile tests were conducted on specimens of these materials in water vapor/hydrogen environments with water vapor/hydrogen mixture ratios of 1 and 3. The water vapor/hydrogen environment caused strength reductions on tantalum and Ta—WW and ductility reductions on all four materials. The degree and causes of embrittlement were a complex function of temperature.

Effect of water vapor content during the solid state synthesis of manganese-doped magnesium fluoro-germanate phosphor on its chemistry and photoluminescent properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
pp. 109572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amjad Ali ◽  
Liudmyla M. Chepyga ◽  
Laraib Sarfraz Khanzada ◽  
Andres Osvet ◽  
Christoph J. Brabec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Water Vapor Content ◽  
Solid State Synthesis ◽  
Effect Of Water

scholarly journals Aerosol hygroscopic growth, contributing factors, and impact on haze events in a severely polluted region in northern China

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 1327-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Chen ◽  
Zhanqing Li ◽  
Min Lv ◽  
Yuying Wang ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Water Vapor Content ◽  
Growth Effect ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Hygroscopic Growth ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Total Particulate Matter ◽  
Size Category ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. This study investigates the impact of the aerosol hygroscopic growth effect on haze events in Xingtai, a heavily polluted city in the central part of the North China Plain (NCP), using a large array of instruments measuring aerosol optical, physical, and chemical properties. Key instruments used and measurements made include the Raman lidar for atmospheric water vapor content and aerosol optical profiles, the PC-3016A GrayWolf six-channel handheld particle and mass meter for atmospheric total particulate matter (PM) that has diameters less than 1 and 2.5 µm (PM1 and PM2.5, respectively), the aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM) for chemical components in PM1, and the hygroscopic tandem differential mobility analyzer (H-TDMA) for aerosol hygroscopicity. The changes in PM1 and PM2.5 agreed well with that of the water vapor content due to the aerosol hygroscopic growth effect. Two cases were selected to further analyze the effects of aerosol hygroscopic growth on haze events. The lidar-estimated hygroscopic enhancement factor for the aerosol backscattering coefficient during a relatively clean period (Case I) was lower than that during a pollution event (Case II) with similar relative humidity (RH) levels of 80 %–91 %. The Kasten model was used to fit the aerosol optical hygroscopic growth factor (GF) whose parameter b differed considerably between the two cases, i.e., 0.1000 (Case I) versus 0.9346 (Case II). The aerosol acidity value calculated from ACSM data for Case I (1.35) was less than that for Case II (1.50) due to different amounts of inorganics such as NH4NO3, NH4HSO4, and (NH4)2SO4. Model results based on H-TDMA data showed that aerosol hygroscopic growth factors in each size category (40, 80, 110, 150, and 200 nm) at different RH levels (80 %–91 %) for Case I were lower than those for Case II. For similar ambient RH levels, the high content of nitrate facilitates the hygroscopic growth of aerosols, which may be a major factor contributing to heavy haze episodes in Xingtai.

scholarly journals Retrieval of water vapor vertical distributions in the upper troposphere and the lower stratosphere from SCIAMACHY limb measurements

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 933-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rozanov ◽  
K. Weigel ◽  
H. Bovensmann ◽  
S. Dhomse ◽  
K.-U. Eichmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
Water Vapor Content ◽  
Retrieval Algorithm ◽  
Altitude Range ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
Vertical Distributions ◽  
First Results ◽  
Scanning Imaging

Abstract. This study describes the retrieval of water vapor vertical distributions in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) altitude range from space-borne observations of the scattered solar light made in limb viewing geometry. First results using measurements from SCIAMACHY (Scanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY) aboard ENVISAT (Environmental Satellite) are presented here. In previous publications, the retrieval of water vapor vertical distributions has been achieved exploiting either the emitted radiance leaving the atmosphere or the transmitted solar radiation. In this study, the scattered solar radiation is used as a new source of information on the water vapor content in the UTLS region. A recently developed retrieval algorithm utilizes the differential absorption structure of the water vapor in 1353–1410 nm spectral range and yields the water vapor content in the 11–25 km altitude range. In this study, the retrieval algorithm is successfully applied to SCIAMACHY limb measurements and the resulting water vapor profiles are compared to in situ balloon-borne observations. The results from both satellite and balloon-borne instruments are found to agree typically within 10 %.

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